...Running Head: Vulnerable population Name: Institution: Date: Definition and Identification Over the years, HIV has killed millions of people around the world. African Americans living in the United States represent one of the groups that are adversely affected by HIV. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) refers to a virus that attacks one’s immune system which represents the natural defense system of a human body. When this defense system becomes weak, the body becomes susceptible to various diseases and infections. The virus that attacks the immune system as well as the infection that affects the body as a result of the weak immune system is called HIV. In 2014 alone, 5,128 African American women were diagnosed with HIV compared to 1,483 white women and 1,350 Latino/Hispanic women in the USA (CDC, 2016). This study is going to investigate the problem of HIV among this vulnerable population. The study will also investigate the risk factors of HIV among this population. Finally, the study is going to discuss the nursing implications. Problems, Susceptibility, Exposures and Frequency An earlier report by Global-Campaign in 2006 indicated that of the total population of the United States, African Americans only account for 13 percent. However, African Americans account for more than half of all the new HIV cases in the U.S. especially the women, making them a vulnerable community (Ragsdale-Hearns, 2012). This high frequency rates among them is due to various problems and...
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...The full title of the first edition of Malthus' essay was "An Essay on the Principle of Population, as it affects the Future Improvement of Society with remarks on the Speculations of Mr. Godwin, M. Condorcet, and Other Writers." The speculations and other writers are explained below. William Godwin had published his utopian work Enquiry concerning Political Justice in 1793, with later editions in 1796 and 1798. Also, Of Avarice and Profusion (1797). Malthus' remarks on Godwin's work spans chapters 10 through 15 (inclusive) out of nineteen. Godwin responded with Of Population (1820). The Marquis de Condorcet had published his utopian vision of social progress and the perfectibility of man Esquisse d'un Tableau Historique des Progres de l'Espirit Humain (The Future Progress of the Human Mind) in 1794. Malthus' remarks on Condorcet's work spans chapters 8 and 9. Malthus' essay was in response to these utopian visions, as he argued: "This natural inequality of the two powers, of population, and of production of the earth, and that great law of our nature which must constantly keep their effects equal, form the great difficulty that appears to me insurmountable in the way to the perfectibility of society." The "Other writers" included Robert Wallace, Adam Smith, Richard Price, and David Hume. Malthus himself claimed: "The only authors from whose writings I had deduced the principle, which formed the main argument of the Essay, were Hume, Wallace, Adam Smith, and Dr. Price ...
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...Michelle Panazzolo May 8, 2008 Sociology Grigoris Argeros Population Growth According to Thomas Malthus Throughout history, many people have made assumptions and expectations on population growth. Over the past two centuries, birthrates have dramatically increased; meanwhile death rates have significantly decreased. One influential person to discuss this phenomenon was Thomas Robert Malthus. According to Malthus, the population is growing much more rapidly than the resources available to the population. Throughout his six editions of An Essay on the Principle of Population, Malthus explains his ideas about population growth, which he believes will eventually lead to famine, war, or other epidemics. On February 13, 1766, Thomas Robert Malthus was born to Daniel and Henrietta Malthus in Guildford, Surrey. His father Daniel was friends with philosophers David Hume and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and was in a prosperous family. He was home schooled at a young age, and then went on to attend the Dissenting Academy in Warrington before his acceptance to the Jesus College in Cambridge. At the Jesus College, Malthus majored in Mathematics but won many prizes in English declamation, along with other subjects. After earning his Masters Degree in 1791, he was elected as a fellow of Jesus College, taking orders and becoming an Anglican country parson. On April 12, 1804, Malthus married Harriet Eckersall;...
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..."In October 1838, that is, fifteen months after I had begun my systematic inquiry, I happened to read for amusement Malthus on Population, and being well prepared to appreciate the struggle for existence which everywhere goes on from long- continued observation of the habits of animals and plants, it at once struck me that under these circumstances favourable variations would tend to be preserved, and unfavourable ones to be destroyed. The results of this would be the formation of a new species. Here, then I had at last got a theory by which to work". Charles Darwin, from his autobiography. (1876) This often quoted passage reflects the significance Darwin affords Malthus in formulating his theory of Natural Selection. What "struck" Darwin in Essay on the Principle of Population (1798) was Malthus's observation that in nature plants and animals produce far more offspring than can survive, and that Man too is capable of overproducing if left unchecked. Malthus concluded that unless family size was regulated, man's misery of famine would become globally epidemic and eventually consume Man. Malthus' view that poverty and famine were natural outcomes of population growth and food supply was not popular among social reformers who believed that with proper social structures, all ills of man could be eradicated. Although Malthus thought famine and poverty natural outcomes, the ultimate reason for those outcomes was divine institution. He believed that such natural outcomes were God's...
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...ESSAY: THOMAS MALTHUS Born: 13-Feb-1766 Birthplace: Rookery, near Dorking, Surrey, England Died: 29-Dec-1834 Location of death: St. Catherine, near Bath, England Cause of death: unspecified Remains: Buried, Bath Abbey, Bath, England Gender: Male Race or Ethnicity: White Occupation: Economist Nationality: England What many know, at least those with an elementary knowledge of economics or politics, is that Malthus is the surname of a man, who, a couple of hundred years back, said that man, sooner or later, universally, will run up against himself; that the population of mankind will eventually outstrip man's ability to supply himself with the necessities of life. The Malthusian doctrine, as stated in "Essay on the Principle of Population," was expressed as follows: "population increases in a geometric ratio, while the means of subsistence increases in an arithmetic ratio." Well, that seems plain enough, and perfectly understandable, if there is too many people and not enough food, then, certainly, there is going to be problems. Malthus developed his theory, at least to this extent: that left alone, no matter all the problems short of worldwide catastrophe, humankind will survive, as, nature has a natural way to cut population levels: "crime, disease, war, and vice," being, the necessary checks on population." This proposition, as was made by Malthus in 1798, was to cause quite a public stir, then, and yet today. The English economist Thomas Robert Malthus, b....
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...world. Child trafficking does not only happen in one particular area or to one specific population. Child trafficking can truly happen anywhere and to any child. Some populations or personality types are more prone to be targeted for child trafficking, such as low-income children who have low self-esteem and broken households. These children are looking for someone to pay attention to them and show them affection. Therefore, these children are often targeted by child traffickers who can catch the attention of the child and gain the child’s trust easily. However, child trafficking does occur in all parts of the world and really comes in a variety of different styles. Child trafficking is a crime involving the movement of children for the purpose of their exploitation. The different forms of exploitation of the children who fall prey to trafficking are guided by a wide range of motives of the traffickers as well as others who play a part in this enterprise. The motives behind the trafficking of children are- Bonded labor, agricultural labor, domestic work, construction work, carpet industry, garment industry, fish or shrimp export as well as other sites of work in the formal and informal economy. Begging, drug peddling, smuggling and organ trade. There are several factors which lead to the trafficking of children. Poverty is one of the reasons which make the majority of children vulnerable to trafficking. There are many cases where children are being sold in exchange for a sum...
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...Example Social Work Essay ukessays.com /services/example-essays/social-work/social-care-practice.php Running Head: SOCIAL CARE PRACTICE An Investigation of Principles, Care Strategies and Theories Related to Social Care Practice Part One This section provides a summative assessment of the principles, care strategies and theories that direct social care work within the UK. Specifically, the application of support principles, procedures for protecting clients from harm and the advantages of utilising a person-centred approach in working with clients are discussed. Additionally, ethical issues, applicable policies, legislation issues and regulation and the impacts of existing policies are presented in relation to providing social care. Applications of Support Principles Ensuring that individuals are properly cared for in health and social care requires the application of a number of support principles. Examples of these support principles include equity in the provision of care, universality in its accessibility and providing multiple financial options for individuals of all backgrounds (Alcock, Daly & Griggs, 2008). As the individuals who require health and social care services differ in their ethnic, cultural, social and socioeconomic backgrounds, these support principles are pivotal in meeting the needs of the greatest percentage of the population (Alcock et al., 2008). Valuing diversity and providing support for families of varying backgrounds is a critical component...
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...the profession and the community include personalized and case specific localized care, health program implementation, and guiding improved social trends at the ‘coal face’. Community based nursing is now at the forefront of social awareness and this important benefit is discussed throughout this essay. This essay focuses on the importance of community based nursing to the profession looking at aspects such as the role’s expanded influence on social trends, analysis, palliative care, outreach to vulnerable groups, and program implementation to the wider community. These functions in combination play a key role in ensuring this aspect of the nursing profession is effective in prevention and in tune with society’s needs. Community based nursing comprises several fields of expertise, including community health, public health, home health, and community mental health nursing. This essay looks at the collective benefits of these and the resulting influence brought to patients and the medical profession. The link between community nursing and progression of the medical profession in targeting the broader population is discussed, including community health education targeting vulnerable groups[2]. The following sections...
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...Epidemiology Paper The purpose of this paper is to discuss the relevancy of the vulnerable population, and the disease for this group. The vulnerable population that has been chosen is mental illness, and the disease for this population is AIDS/HIV. There will be a definition and description of epidemiology in regards to HIV/AIDS, with the steps and method that was used. The Epidemiological Triangle will be define and identified, and the different types of epidemiology. The population chosen characteristics such as the influenced population’s vulnerability. This essay will also examine the values and potential cultural biases with cultural considerations that may impact health issues. There are legal and ethical consideration when working with the mentally ill. Describing the relationship of the disease to varies levels of prevention. Relevant population and the disease of this population The mentally ill the population and the disease is AIDS/HIV. Mental disorders are indiscriminate. They occur across the span and affect persons of all races, cultures genders and educational and socioeconomic group. One of the leading cause of disability is mental illness. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and AIDS have had an enormous political and social impact on society. Nearly 75% of new HIV infections occur in persons between 30-49 years may result in disrupted families and lost careers and economic productivity. (Stanhope, 2012, p317) HIV is transmitted through exposure...
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...#1 Access to Health Care: Improving overall health status Equality in Access to health services is one of the forty two topic areas in Healthy People 2020 that caught my view as one of the objectives to have the highest importance in achieving a national goal of healthy Americans in the future. But what does access to health care actually means? According Gulliford et al (2002), facilitating access to health is concerned with helping people to command appropriate health care resources in order to preserve or improve their health status but unfortunately gaining access to healthcare depends on some factors such as financial, organizational and social or cultural barriers that permits or limit the said utilization of services. Therefore having much available health services is not a factor in itself to improve the quality of healthcare but the utilization of such services by all of the people which will depend on affordability and general accessibility of the service. According to Healthy People 2020 (US Department of Health and Human Services, 2012), it is important to have access to quality health care service in order to achieve equity in health and eventually improve the general health status of all Americans. This I think is one of the most important move that the state should make in order to make the vision of having healthy Americans, including all migrants, ethnic and minority groups, by the year 2020. Though free service is not always the key to have access...
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...environment were outlined. More specifically it was illustrated how developing countries are at a greater disadvantage than developed countries when it comes to adapting to climate change. This can be due to their geographical location and concepts such as space and place can explain why they’re more vulnerable. Additionally, the history of the countries development also plays a role in determining how these countries are unable to adapt to a climate crisis. Another factor that can be taken into consideration is the particular countries global processes. This brings me to my argument that developing countries struggle with adapting to...
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...Livelihoods Management LECTURER : Dr S.Mombeshora QUESTION Discuss the application of the Sustainable application of the Livelihood Approach to disaster management in drought prone areas of one African country DUE DATE : 10 October 2015 Introduction There are several approaches to disaster risk reduction. These include the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach, the Ecosystem Approach, the Community Participation Approach and the Integrated Approach.This essay seeks to discuss the relevance of the application of the Sustainable Livelihood Approach to disaster management in drought prone areas of Zimbabwe as a strategy of improving communities’ resilience to drought. In doing so, the essay will also seek to analyse if there are no inherent weaknesses that may call for improvements in policy processes and governance structures. Definition of Terms Disaster: This is a severe alteration in the normal functioning of a community or a society due to hazardous physical events interacting with vulnerable social conditions, leading to widespread adverse human, material, economic, or environmental effects that require immediate emergency response to satisfy critical human needs and that may require external support for recovery. Disaster Management: This is a method or plan chosen to bring about a desired future, such as achievement of a goal or solution to a problem....
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...The aim of this essay is to define famine and also to identify the underlying causes and possible solutions. To begin with, major concepts will be defined followed by a discussion, thereafter a conclusion shall be drawn. Famine has been defined differently by many scholars. In terms of food supply based, Brown and Eckholm (1974) have defined famine as sudden, sharp reduction in food supply resulting in widespread hunger. In food consumption based, famine is defined as lack of food over large geographical areas sufficiently long and severe to cause widespread disease and death from starvation (Chamber’s Encyclopedia) and in relation to mortality based, Ravillion (1997:1205) defines famine as an unusually high mortality with unusually severe threat to food intake of some segments of a population. In general terms famine is a complex process, usually arising from a combination of factors over an extended period. Famine is caused by a number of factors. The immediate causes are drought, flooding and low levels of crop planting. In addition, chronic poverty and inadequate policies in developing countries are also contributing factors. These conditions have combined to result in severe shortfalls in food production and in turn high prices for maize, the staple food of most developing countries. According to the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (the standard used by the UN), famine occurs when the following conditions occur; 20 percent of population has fewer than 2...
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...Health is defined based on three dimensions: physical, mental and social health; a fairly recent modification from the 18th century viewpoints (Ware,1987). Health is perceived differently according to the different models of health that help in guiding and understanding of health and health issues. In relation to the following essay, two models; biomedical model and social model will be discussed and compared in terms of their relevancy in the modern times. The second half of the essay will focus on the effectiveness of the social model in explaining the increasing prevalence of health conditions related to the obesity epidemic. During the early part of the 20th century, infectious diseases predominated as the highest cause of mortality in both developing and non-developing counties affecting 42% of the world’s population (Tulchinsky and Varavikova,2000; Boutayeb and Boutayeb,2005). This is the era that was heavily reliant on the biomedical model to diagnose illness which focused primarily on the proximal causes of disease (factors that act directly to cause a disease) and was confined to the objective measures for disease treatment (diagnosis solely based on medical facts without considering other possibilities)(Johnson,2012). Since the leading causes of death at those times were infections based i.e. pneumonia (11.8%), T.B. (11.3%) and diarrhoea (8.3%) (National Office of Vital Statistics,1947), the biomedical model’s germ theory which stated that all diseases were caused...
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...Communicable Disease Outbreak - Hat Task 3 Essay 9 Environmental and Global Health Issues 8 Emergency Response Final Steps The WGU Library Center for Writing Excellence: The WGU Writing Center Feedback Course Material Learning Resources All Notes SZT1 - Community and Population Health This course supports the assessment for SZT1. The course covers 4 competencies and represents 3 competency units. Introduction The study of community health nursing includes multiple issues, including vulnerable populations, families, violence, safety, disaster preparedness, communicable disease, and immunization. The content of this course will provide you with an opportunity to expand your practice perspective from the individual level to that of the community and system level. The activities in this course are directed to enhance your appreciation of the effort of making the United States a healthier nation. Watch the following video introduction for this course: Competencies This course provides guidance to help you demonstrate the following 4 competencies: •Competency 725.8.1: Community Health EpidemiologyThe graduate assesses and analyzes the health status of populations using data, community resources identification, input from the population, and professional judgment; and determines...
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