...Indigenous Theater The Rituals The native Filipino beliefs are central to gods and deities, who controls forces of nature, the passages of all living things and the vital activities of the tribe. And to communicate to gods special mediums are to be used. The babaylans, tambalan, albularyo are these medium. There are many rituals but the ritual which is drama is where the shaman goes into a trance and kills the sacrificial animal common to these rituals which represent as the supplicant or humble petitioner to the gods to provide for the people. Throughout centuries rituals are known as – pag-aanito, anituan, anito-baylan, bunong, pagdidiwata and a host of other indigenous lexis. Rituals are used for variety of reasons. To cure sickness, for a bountiful harvest, rites of passage, marriage and a host of other reasons, all involve carrying out sacrifices, chants, prayers, offerings that aims to appease, please the higher being. If these rituals do not get the sick cured, they do not deserve to get well. The Aeta of Florida Blanca has a ritual where a shaman dances to “scare” away sickness. The sick sit on the grounds in rows covered in red cloth as the gitada (guitar) plays and the manganito (priest) dance frighten the sickness causing spirits away with bolos or offers them food in banana leaf to leave the infirm. Towards the end of the dance, the long red cloth is pulled symbolizing the “departure” of the spirit. Rituals connected to harvest usually involve killing...
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... The dramatic forms that flourished and continue to flourish among the different peoples of the archipelago include: the indigenous theater, mainly Malay in character, which is seen in rituals, mimetic dances, and mimetic customs; the plays with Spanish influence, among which are the komedya, the sinakulo, the playlets, the sarswela, and the drama; and the theater with Anglo-American influence, which encompasses bodabil and the plays in English, and the modern or original plays by Fihpinos, which employ representational and presentational styles drawn from contemporary modern theater, or revitalize traditional forms from within or outside the country. The Indigenous Theater The rituals, dances, and customs which are still performed with urgency and vitality by the different cultural communities that comprise about five percent of the country’s population are held or performed, together or separately, on the occasions of a person’s birth, baptism, circumcision, initial menstruation, courtship, wedding, sickness, and death; or for the celebration of tribal activities, like hunting, fishing, rice planting and harvesting, and going to war. In most rituals, a native priest/priestess, variously called mandadawak, catalonan, bayok, or babalyan, goes into a trance as the spirit he/she is calling upon possesses him/her. While entranced, the shaman partakes of the sacrificial offering, which may be a chicken, a pig, a carabao (depending on the gravity of the spirit’s anger) or simply...
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...theater season: the National Theater of Greece’s Medea, Joanne Akalaitis’ The Iphigeneia Cycle (a double bill that combines Euripides’ two Iphigeneia plays), a revival of Andrei Serban’s famous Fragments of a Greek Trilogy, and a four-and-a-half-hour adaptation of the Oedipus Rex were announced at the start of the season. Off-off Broadway versions will inevitably follow. The Brooklyn Academy of Music even hosted a dance/theatre piece based on the Eleusinian Mysteries. 1 The Classic Stage Company, an off-Broadway theater group devoted to performance and adaptation of Western classics, currently receives more scripts that re-work Greek tragedy than any other category of drama. 2 From a global perspective, New York is simply reflecting a trend set by important modern playwrights and directors worldwide. Greek drama now occupies a regular place in the London theater season. In the past twenty years, acclaimed productions have been mounted not only in Europe but also in Japan, India, and Africa. Translations are even beginning to proliferate in China, occasionally with unexpected results. A recent Chinese translator of Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex referred to all the Greek gods generically as Apollo, since he could count on his audience’s ability to recognize this name from the United States space program. 3 The Greek theater festival at Delphi has played host to many of these performances, with the result that, for example, the Greek National...
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...History of Early Greek Drama Typically all humans enjoy a good laugh. After all, “Laughter improves the function of blood vessels and increases blood flow, which can help protect you against a heart attack and other cardiovascular problems” (Smith). The attention of a human being is automatically grasped when it comes to dramatic and comedic situations. It is almost like the human brain has an on and off switched that is flipped on when drama is involved; or when something is funny. “Ancient greeks from the 5th century BC onwards were fascinated by the wuestion of the origins of tragedy and comedy” (Saskia). During the time origin of Athens greek theatre was still on the rise. Greek theater was in a way a celebration to honor the Greek Gods. “A Greek God, Dionysus, was honored with a festival called [by] ‘City Dionysia’” (Greece). At the Dionysus festival in athens there were three main people todirect and perform ech play. Usually the author of a play would be one of the cast members. There were three well known Greek tragedy play writers in the 5th century. A man by the name of Aeschylus was one of the manificent writers. “Aeschylus was the first of the 3 renowned prize-winning Greek writers of tragedy” (Gill). Because only three people were allowed to participate in a single play, Aeschylus acted in most of the plays he wrote. When Aeschylus died, it was allowed to replay his plays. The reason replying Aeshylus’s plays was because “…during the Classical perios, each tetralogy...
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...THE VISION & MISSION: The vision is to establish a “world class-nucleating centre of achievement.” UITS offers undergraduate and graduate degrees in liberal arts, law, business and ICT with the aim of meeting the national and international market demands. The Mission of the university is to achieve the redefined goals of higher education and sustainable economic growth of the country through a tripartite relationship between itself, industries and reputed universities and institutions at home and abroad. PROGRAM OBJECTIVES: ❑ To reinforce the skills of listening, speaking, reading and writing; ❑ To develop the skills of students in the use of idiomatic English and the capability of expressing ideas and thoughts in English; ❑ To develop and reinforce communicative interaction; ❑ To introduce the understanding of western philosophy and ideas and their influence on literature; ❑ To introduce classical literature, the Greek myths, the Bible and other writings which have influenced English literary works; ❑ To introduce and refine the understanding of American literature with emphasis on some selected literary works; ❑ To increase the appreciation of Bangla literature and culture among students and to develop their ability to relate experiences from English and American literature to Bangla literary works; ❑ To deepen students’ awareness of the universal concerns that are the basis of literary works; ❑ To stimulate a greater appreciation of language as...
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...DOCTOR FAUSTUS – A PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAGEDY Spiritual Combat: Tragedy is regarded as the highest aspect of the dramatic art as in it our emotions are more profoundly stirred than in comedy thereby rendering it more universal in it appeal. And conflict is the essence of or soul of tragedy. All previous dramas including Tamburlaine had dealt with single-minded individuals. If a struggle in the heart of the hero was introduced, it was like that of Morality plays. It was external as in the Jew of Malta because it was between the hero and his adversaries. Doctor Faustus attempted something different. It is a drama of spiritual combat within the soul of man. This struggle is certainly somewhat primitive in its expression but it is a foretaste of those inner characteristics towards which a drama in its development inevitably trends. Faustus in this respect is unquestionably the greatest tragic figure in sixteenth century outside the work of Shakespeare. It is also a modern tragedy because Marlowe broke away from the old Aristotelian concept of tragic hero as being a royal figure of some very lofty stature. He introduced Faustus who is not a prince or a king but a common learned man whose parents are base of stock. Tragic Flaw – cause of his tragedy According to Aristotle, the tragic hero must have some inherent weakness – a tragic flaw which he referred to as Hamartia. He should be neither totally vicious nor good. As per Doctor Faustus, he is puffed with pride and his wisdom....
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...Arellano University College of Arts and Sciences 2600 Legarda st. Sampaloc Manila Library Research Submitted to: Mrs. Acibo Submitted by: Dalia B. Sabucor I. Introduction II. Presentation of Data III. Conclusion IV. Insights Gained V. References I. Introduction Drama Throughout the middle ages, drama and theater only dealt with sacred subjects, such as biblical stories. Profane drama was either unheard of or only performed in burlesque. Classical dramatists were virtually unheard of in the middle ages. All the great dramatists of antiquity, such as the Greek playwrights Sophocles, Aeschylus, and Euripides, and the Roman comedy writers such as Plautus and Terence, were only discovered by humanists in the Renaissance. Although classical drama is more read and studied in the modern period than other classical literature, in the Renaissance it was a distinct last place to epic poetry, lyric poetry, and philosophy. So drama isn't well represented in Renaissance literature. The first dramatist to imitate classical models in Italy was Giangiorgio Trissino, who was a wealthy humanist with an encyclopedic knowledge. Among other things, he was famous as a Neoplatonic philosopher and poet. He, like many others, attempted to write an epic poem, L'Italia liberata dai Goti (Italy Liberated from the Goths) which, though it's a poem about Justinian's reconquest of Italy, is mainly an encyclopedia of...
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...The Glory that was Greece | |A |B |C |D |E | |1 |officially named the Hellenic |Greek messenger to the gods |founder of the Academy in |literary form that is the |tragedian who wrote Oedipus | | |Republic |Hermes |Athens |crowning glory of Athenian Age|the King and Antigone - | | |Greece | |Plato |- drama |Sophocles | |2 |Greek god of wine and revelry |master of Greek comedy |god of war |capital city of Greece |what Greek actors wore during | | |- Dionysus |-Aristophanes |Ares |Athens |a performance in a play - | | | | | | |masks | |3 |lyric poet notable for his |religion of the 98% of Greek |The GLORY |dwelling place of the deities |prince of Troy who gave his | | |drinking songs and hymns - |people |that was |Mt. Olympus |life for his people - Hector | | |Anacreon...
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...During the Renaissance period, which spanned between 14th century and 17th century, an old genre of literature was reinvented into a newer form that was closer to the mentality and the social development of the time, that being the tragedy. This type of literature has its origins in the Ancient Greek and Roman tragedy, which emerged around 2,500 years ago, in the 6th century BC. Tragedy, by its definition, is “a form of drama based on human suffering that invokes an accompanying catharsis or pleasure in audiences” (qtd. in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragedy). Tragedy is considered to have been invented for the worshiping of Dionysus , which they considered to be one of their deities . In Greek, “tragedy” is called “tragodia”, which means goat song, being composed of the words “tragos” which means “he-goat” and “aeidein” which means “to sing” which is believed to make a reference to an old custom of offering a goat in competitions of choral dancing or using it for ritual sacrifices, but not before dancing around it. The three big representatives of Ancient tragedy are Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides. Their work further represented the inspiration for the medieval tragedy which developed during 14th century Middle Age, inside cathedrals, a highly...
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...Stage Two – Drama Studies By Sean Wintrell The Venue – Cardijn College-- -Lecture Theatre Ensemble – Yr 12 Drama Class The Director – Greg Hay The Play – The Lord of the Flies The lights come up on children oblivious to the world around them, as the play, read and enjoy the good things of life. They are only distracted momentarily by the sounds of planes and bombs before they go back to what they are doing, almost as if it would not affect them. Darkness returns and this time the sound is not of distant planes or bombs, it’s of a very real plane crash, within the darkness it would be easy for those of no imagination to feel detached from the happenings, but a few people would feel the horror and the dread. We then proceed to watch a small group of survivors, young boys, try to survive. The boys try to put into action the same rules that society uses, these quickly break down and the boys begin to go feral. We watch in horror as we realise even the most refined human can commit terrible atrocities. The Lord of the Flies, directed by Greg Hay, creates an atmosphere of horror as we watch the effects of war, even on those who do not take part. Hay’s interpretation of William Golding’s ‘Lord of The Flies’ presents to us the dark side of human beings, and the effects of it has if it gains control over that of reason and logic. In essence Hay’s ideas make it an extremely moving, and horrifying play. Throughout the play, the use of lighting and sound...
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...Sunny Heo 22 September 2014 Myriad of Lights: A Classic Myriads of Light, regarded as one of Chinese cinema classics, tells the story of a family uprooted by the combined forces of economic recession and social judgment, and forced into a struggle for survival. Although its setting is the post-war period, where severe poverty seemed common, the film does more than to describe the dilemma of middle-class Shanghai dwellers. Director Shen Fu uses the existing social problem as a background for the development of the film’s major themes: familial survival and the related struggle for human dignity; at the same time, he especially emphasizes the conflict between urbanites and those from the countryside. The success of the film’s story owes much to its strong dramatic structure. Following the chronological order of events with Zhiqing and his family’s harmonious morning to the resulting tension after Zhiqing receives the letter from his mother, the film moves with a growing intensity toward the climax. The film’s major conflict between the urbanites and the countrymen is introduced almost right after Old Mrs. Hu and Chenshung (with his family as well) arrive, as Zhiqing and Youlan discuss about the possibility of their daughter getting lice from the dirty visitors. The director’s use of dramatic irony shines in this scene, as the camera focuses on Old Mrs. Hu’s glittering eyes in the dark, eavesdropping on the worried couple’s conversation. By highlighting the emerging internal...
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...Musical Theater in Humanity There are many ways to study in human in order to appreciate and honor in life, in our presenting, such as Literature, History, Languages, Religion, Arts and Performing Arts. Also, musical theater, which particularly is one of this aesthetic art form as well. Musical theater was created since an ancient Greece as a worship to Dionysus, the god of wine and fertility. Essentially, its style consisted as a Tragedy, which is the portmanteau word, tragos = goat, aeidein = to sing. Tragedy does mean “the goat’s song”. Beheld in the festival once a year. The form of performance was not vastly different from the musical nowadays. Settings and properties also used to collaborate the show as male narrators sing and dance to narrate the story and ask the morality questions to the audience which lead and relate to the decision of the protagonist or the main character at the end of story. Urging the spectator’s catharsis, and enlighten their heart and mind at the end to realized there is nobody better than god, also our destiny is determined. All of the performer are male, and only seven main actor wear the masks in order to be and rotate the characters exclude the narrator. Aeschylus, Sophocles, And Aristophanes were not only playwrights; they were also composers and luricists. Dance, poem, and acrobatic used to archive the audience as spectacular. Also, to cross the bridge to reflect their life significantly as the foundation of Greece model citizen...
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...The aim of this essay is to show how the three performances in dance, music and drama were influenced by Brecht, Lea Anderson and the various artists involved with the musical genre of minimalism. This essay will also describe the process the ensemble went through while devising and rehearsing the performance as well as the similarities between the art forms, such as the significance of characterisation within dance and drama when portraying stereotypical characters. Devising For drama, the practitioner the ensemble studied was Berthold Brecht, an early 20th century German theatre practitioner who pioneered the theatrical movement of Epic theatre. Brecht is of particular interest given the similarities in subject matter, as the groups subject is about the detention facility Guantanamo Bay; thematically similar to Brecht’s work which also dealt with topics involving the abuse of power, institutional corruption, the effects of war etc. The ensemble initially did a great deal of research into Epic theatre and the techniques of Epic theatre as well as Berthold Brecht and his life. Following that, they then made a mind map of the problems surrounding Guantanamo and focused particularly on the issues that garnered the least attention publically yet posed the greatest threat to the liberty and rights of everyone. Based on this we chose the unlawful kidnaping, imprisonment and torture of individuals without trial, the implementation of secret courts, and the propaganda published by...
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...These three types of music played a part in the film “The Birth of Nation”. The different types of music were used in the film to represent the changes of the story in the film and its themes. The Birth of Nation change the way people viewed films. The Birth of Nation is a dramatic movie that contains no sound, thus the music played gives and helps the public understand the scenes and the drama that this film contains such as the drama of the assassinations and the violent scenes in the film as well as the ending of the film. Essay 2. Source music is a type of music that refers to drama. This type of music is part of a fictional setting that is heard by the characters of a film. Casablanca is a film that contains romance and drama, it is a film that is taken place during war. Source music plays a big part of the Casablanca film because it helps identify the scenes and the mood of the characters especially during war. This music is used to identify the settings such as Ricky’s café and other settings in the film. The music used in Casablanca helps rise the tension of the scenes like the drama and also the romance. Essay...
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...Words Too Literally After reading “War of Words”, I was intrigued by the evidence issued by Deborah Tannen. It is true that today the media enjoys promoting warlike conflicts that would lead to duals. Most people today would rather listen to a story or a debate that has been handled with embarrassing conflicts just because it gives the audience a reason to criticize the wrongdoer. Take it from Deborah Tannen when she was on a TV show and a man who was paid by the media was only there to attack her. Creating this image on live TV would only create criticizing and anger the audience but, people enjoy anything where they are able to pass judgment or settle a dispute with vicious behavior. Deborah Tannen had also mentioned that even in our colleges that we are being cultivated and rewarded to be aggressive and that we must demonstrate it. With this kind of behavior I find it that people will think that this will b the solution to solving a problem but deep down inside problems should be solved by compromising or solving a debate with intellectual communication rather than attacking the problem with violence. Being an aggressive person can be helpful at some point but we must also realize that approaching the debater or situation with kinder approach will lead to positive results. We are born brought up to respect others so why is it that when we get to college we are being taught to attack with combative strategies that will lead to drama and ruthless situations. To avoid...
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