...Polangui General Comprehensive High School Polangui, Albay Anticoagulant Property of Ginger, Zingibier officinale in Albino Rat’s Blood John Carl V. Reforsado Researcher Mrs. Susan Peñafiel Research Adviser CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM INTRODUCTION “Every six minutes, one person dies from a blood clot.” This is according to a health organization website which main goal is to advance prevention against life-threatening blood clots. The records of Philippine Heart Center (PHC, 2007), blood clot disease incidences occur as frequently among Asians as do among Caucasians. Blood clots can occur in many different circumstances and in many different locations of the body. Blood clots that form in response to an injury or a cut are beneficial, stopping potentially dangerous bleeding. However, a number of conditions can cause you develop blood clots in critical locations, such as your lungs and brain which requires medical attention. If it not treated, this may result into serious diseases like deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, heart failure or clot-provoked stroke. Fortunately, blood clots can be cured with a wide range of drugs and lifestyle changes. There is a new clot treatment what we called anticoagulants. Anticoagulants also known as “blood thinner” are used to slow the time it takes for a blood to clot. The history of traditional anticoagulants is marked by both perseverance and serendipity. The anticoagulant effect of heparin was discovered by McLean in 1915...
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...Medical Errors Worksheet NUR 4828- Nursing Leadership and Management Role Transition Project Team 2: Ankita Patel, Kailanie Perez, Molly Plude, Sandy Rivera, & Heather Ryan 2. Problem: According to a recent study (www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMsa1103053?query=featured_home (Links to an external site.)), warfarin, insulin, oral antiplatelet agents, and oral hypoglycemics accounted for more than two-thirds of the drugs tied to hospitalization for adverse drug events in older adults. Most events were associated with unintentional overdoses at home. Medication errors can occur in clinical settings or at home because humans are not perfect and therefore, they make errors too and so do the man-made machines. The patients are more likely to experience medication errors at home than a hospital because a health professional is not present to double check medications, no standard process to follow like the hospital does, no set schedule take them, and no alerts before taking them. The patients have to be more cautious when taking high-alert drugs such as warfarin, antiplatelet agents, insulin, and oral hypoglycemics because these can lead to serious and even life-threatening situations....
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...Introduction For the purpose of this assignment I have chosen to review a client with atrial fibrillation in a primary care setting. I will discuss the patient’s original presentation, including analysis and interpretation of his 12 lead electrocardiogram (ECG), diagnosis and subsequent management. Throughout the assignment I will discuss local and national guidelines and the evidence behind the chosen management for this client. For the purpose of this assignment the client will be referred to as Mr. Jones. Cardiac arrhythmias affect more than 700,000 people in England is one of the top ten reasons for hospital admission (Department of Health 2005). Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common and important cardiac arrhythmia, it the most common of all the arrhythmias seen in general practice. AF affects 5% of the UK population over the age of 65 years, rising to 10% in those over 75 years of age (Kirby 2005). The principal significance, both to the patient and the healthcare system is the increased risk of embolic stroke. Atrial fibrillation is associated with 15% of all strokes and with 36% of strokes in patients over the age of 60 (Hobbs 1999). Having a diagnosis of AF increases the risk of stroke five fold. It is an arrhythmia associated with serious morbidity, mortality and health service utilisation. AF and its complications now consume 1% of the United Kingdom National Health Service budget (Watson, Shanstila, and Lip 2007). Despite this it is an area that frequently...
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...Institutionalized Murder MV Courage Pharmakeia or pharmakon? Mercury laced flu shots, dental amalgam, thimerosal, warfarin, digitalis, and pharmaceutical synthetics are considered medicine while natural herbs and essential oils are thought of as mere potions or even sorcery by the FDA and traditional pharmacology business commonly referred to as Big Pharma. Big Pharma, derived from PhRMA-the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America, is worth roughly around 300 billion US dollars and wields enormous influence over modern Western medicine, insurance, litigation, government, and health with leverage from huge profits and about 3,000 paid lobbyists. Harvard Business School Professor William George asked, “Is the role of leading large pharmaceutical companies to discover lifesaving drugs or to make money for shareholders through financial engineering?” Pfitzer made a bid to buy AstraZeneca and Valeant Pharmaceuticals International takeover bid for Allergan have monetary gains of lower tax liabilities and another income stream. Biopharmaceutical companies are expensive to run under high risk-only significant profits will guarantee solvency. Clinical trials and drug development are chosen by the significant profit margin and medical breakthrough. For example, aspirin has been a generic drug since 1919 with a cost less than $6.00 for a year supply and may improve survival and reduce the recurrence of some cancers. But running clinical trials to prove or disprove the benefits...
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...Case Study - Medication Incident Background: The scenario takes place in a community with a hospital and busy home care service. The hospital faxes new and updated home care referrals to a central fax line. The referral form provides demographic patient information, diagnosis, a list of discharge medications and physician orders for home care. Monday to Friday during business hours, a Home Care Coordinator reviews the faxed document and accesses the Home Care Central Record for any existing clients. The Coordinator then reviews the information in the documents and schedules the applicable home care visits. After business hours and on weekends, the home care nursing staff periodically checks the faxes, and sorts them by ongoing clients or new clients. Referrals updating the status of ongoing clients are given directly to one of the nurses responsible for that geographic area of the community. Pharmacists and technicians dispense medications from the drug stores in the community. Technicians are responsible for processing prescriptions in the computer and preparing and labelling medications as well as inventory management functions. Pharmacists are responsible for reviewing the patient medication profile and completing the final check of the medications before they are dispensed for pick-up or home delivery. Some attending physicians at the Community Hospital fax a prescription to the patient’s drug store so that patients and families can easily pick-up any needed medications on...
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...prior to surgery to be able to reach the adequate level of medication by the time of the incision. Another rationalities about this drug is the understanding that it is part of the first-generation cephalosporin which raise the possibility of an anaphylactic reaction due to its similitude to penicillin. 8. The patient states the pain is at an 8 out of 10 in his right knee. What would the PACU nurse do? (5 points) After assessing the patient pain level the PACU nurse could start the process of pain management with the administrate of the very potent short acting opioid Hydromorphone, which is the first line analgesic use in the PACU. The nine rights of medication administration need to be enforce as well as having the antidote available in case of...
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...PUID 00247-89654 LAB: Thursday Week 9 Laboratory Assignment: Pressure Ulcer Case Study Hard Copy Due in lab Week of March 23rd Submit Electronic Copy in Safe Assign Answer the following questions. 1. What are the types of pressure ulcers? List and describe each. • Stage 1: first sign, least severe, intact skin with reddened area over a bony prominence • Stage 2: partial loss of thickness in dermis, opening into skin, pick wound bed with no slough • Stage 3: tissue loss to full thickness through dermis and epidermis, subcutaneous fat may be exposed • Stage 4: bone, tendon, or muscle exposed, slough may be present, may take long time to heal • Suspect deep tissue injury: purple or maroon (bruise-like) closed injury, may be...
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...HAEMATOLOGY Answers to case study questions Chapter 5 Case Study 5.1 We find a 50-year-old woman with long-term Crohn’s disease, on various treatments and with an abdominal surgical history. Her blood tests were requested following a routine GP visit, when she complained of some lethargy, fever and diarrhoea. (p. 125) 1 The results outside the reference range are haemoglobin, MCV and ESR. This result, along with the history, is sufficient to confer the diagnosis of anaemia. With the MCV below the bottom of the reference range, we can extend the diagnosis to microcytic anaemia. The abnormal ESR adds little to the diagnosis as it is the likely consequence of the anaemia. 2 Having given the patient a diagnosis, a treatment must be initiated. However, this is not yet possible as the basis of the microcytic anaemia must be defined. As the two major causes of microcytic anaemia are iron deficiency and haemoglobinopathy, the blood is tested for iron. A level below the bottom of reference range extends the diagnosis to iron-deficient microcytic anaemia. The reason for the vitamin B12 request is unclear, but as the result is within the reference range, then malnutrition as a cause seems unlikely. The diagnosis is not entirely unexpected given the history— Crohn’s disease being an inflammatory disorder of the intestines known to lead to malabsorption. Indeed, the inflammation may well contribute to the abnormal ESR. The referral to surgery may well have been to remove a section of diseased...
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...drug is required to cause muscle contraction opposite to the muscle relaxation, as was caused by the dose of anaesthesia. Some of the common side effects associated with the drug use are nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, stomach cramps, involuntary urination, faintness, muscle cramps or twitching. These symptoms however, due not require any medical treatment. Some other severe problems associated with this drug are slow heart rate, shortness of breath, severe rashes, irritation, swollen face , convulsions, etc. these however, require immediate medical attention. After Vercuronium, a dose of 1.25mg of Neostigmine is very ineffective. A minimum dose of 2.5mg or 5mg is required to produce the desired effect. Neostigmine should not be used in case of Asthma, Epilepsy, Low blood pressure, Parkinson’s disease, Peptic ulcers, People with recent heart attacks, etc....
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...will be more competent in clinical aspects and deliver high quality of care. Presently, successfully completion of Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN) or Baccalaureate Degree Nursing (BSN) graduate program study is the route to become a nurse in the United States, after passing the NCLEX exam. Both program are differed by when they started, reason for establishment and the study contents of it, are as follows. In 1952, ADN program is was first designed by the Mildred Montag, to alleviate the nursing shortage by creating technical nurses. Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN) is normally subsist of general education and clinical courses credits coursed and study time is 2 years long. It is normally awarded by the Community colleges and nursing schools. Upon completion of such program, nursing student is eligible for NCLEX-RN license exam. As stated by Creasia & Friberg (2011), ADN program is very successful nursing program, which make ADN nurse eligible to pass NCLEX-RN exam and start a career as nurse with strong clinical competency. While Baccalaureate of Science in Nursing (BSN) program was started in 1909 in University of Minnesota. This Program required 5 years of study, divided in 2 years of general education and 3 years of nursing credit courses, with more focus study in public health nursing. As mentioned by Creasia & Friberg (2011), BSN programs are become 4 year long and Nursing major taught in the upper level division. BSN graduate nurse also eligible for NCLEX-RN...
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...1. Introduction This assignment is a critique on the study published in The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) entitled ‘Homocysteine Lowering and Cardiovascular Events after Acute Myocardial Infarction’ by Bonaa et. al (2006) (also known as The NORVIT study). NEJM’s most recent impact factor was 51.296 (in 2006). NEJM boasts the largest paid circulation among medical journals, with close to 200,000 paying subscribers. It is printed weekly in the United States, Canada, the Netherlands, and Japan, and a range of translated articles reaches approximately 140,000 (New England Journal of Medicine.org, 2006). The NORVIT study was designed as a randomized, controlled, double-blind, intervention study. It included 3,749 men and women who had suffered and acute myocardial infarction within the last 7 days. The rationale behind the study was that high homocysteine levels are considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (Bonaa et al, 2006). The aim was to measure how effective lowering blood serum homocysteine levels with B vitamins was in preventing a secondary event. A collaborative meta-analysis published in The Journal of the American Medical Association, states that homocysteine levels are an independent predictor of ischemic heart disease and that studies on disease risk of genetic variants affecting homocysteine may help establish whether homocysteine is causally linked to vascular disease (2002: cited by Bonaa et al, 2006). The meta-analysis suggests that a large...
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...Ellen Diane Windham 11/8/15 Case Study: CHF Helen Montgomery * An 83-year-old female presents to ambulance crew after an episode of sudden weakness. A GP is on scene and has assessed the patient, deciding on hospital admission by ambulance as a matter of urgency. History Patient became very weak and was put to bed by NOK. Her breathing became very laboured and the NOK called for the local GP out-of-hours service to attend. The doctor was on scene within 15 minutes, and upon assessing the patient requested an ambulance transfer to the ED. Initial Clinical Findings * Airway – clear & patent * C Spine – not indicated (MOI/NOI: episode of weakness) * Breathing – tachypnoeic * Circulation – Pulse present, irregular, tachycardic; skin colour normal, cap refill normal * Disability – No LOC before ambulance arrival, patient responding to verbal stimuli Clinical Impression * ? Exacerbation of CHF * ? CVA * ? Post-seizure AMPLE History * A – Allergic to penicillin * M – Currently taking Warfarin, Furosemide * P – History of CVA x 1 year, CHF * L – Last oral intake 7pm the evening previous * E – Son stated patient became very weak before going to bed Observations * Pulse rate 110bpm * Pulse rhythm Irregular * ECG rate 116 * ECG rhythm A Fib * Resp rate 24 per...
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...Privacy Snooper: IOT Arnab Kumar1 , Harishma Dayanidhi1 and Vijay Kumar KS1 {arnabk, hdayanid, vkanlanji}@andrew.cmu.edu 1 Carnegie Mellon School of Computer Science, Pittsburgh, USA Abstract. In various ML-as-a-service cloud systems, the process of performing machine learning over the data is almost treated as a black box, where the user just feeds in their data, knows the model used and the system outputs required insights. In this work, we explore the idea of being able to predict sensitive attributes associated with the database given that the adversary would have access to a few quasi-identifiers associated with the database. We use inversion attack as the theoretical foundation for our attack, and implement the same for our database. We experiment this attack for di↵erent variants of classification algorithms, like classification tree and regression tree. We follow it up with analysing the accuracy of our attack for each of our classification based machine learning algorithms for di↵erent size of training datasets. We end our work by trying to figure out what we say is the ”most impactful attribute”, by selectively removing the data pertaining to an attribute and check what is the corresponding e↵ect on inversion attack. We hope our work in this domain pushes future batches of this class to explore this question even further, and too look into understanding if Di↵erential Privacy solves this problem. Keywords: Inversion Attack, Black Box, Classification Tree...
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...MEMORANDUM To: Carol Cleaver, Instructor From: Adam Henn Date: Oct. 9, 2012 ------------------------------------------------- Re: Case Study No. 1 ------------------------------------------------- I appreciate this opportunity to assist you in this assignment and address the board with my findings. As per the assignment I have researched the following topic from the course materials. “Illness and death associated with the consumption of energy drinks”, and I have reached the following conclusions: 1. There are potential risks associated with energy drinks in children and adolescents 2. Sale of energy drinks has been debated and or restricted in various places 3. Many ingredients are understated and not regulated Within this memo I will explain my conclusions. I will be presenting my analysis in three parts. The first section addresses potential risks in children and adolescents. The next section about the debates and regulation of energy drink sales. The final section regards the ingredients that are understated or not regulated in some countries and states. Potential Risks to Children and Adolescents For my analysis I began by reviewing “Energy drinks 'potentially dangerous for children' say doctors. Energy drinks could be dangerous for children and teenagers, doctors have warned.” Found on www.telegraph.co.uk. As a responsible company we should be liable to research and warn consumers of the possible risks associated with the consumption of...
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...Case study – Eileen is a 68 year old pensioner who suffers with arthritis, her arthritis has been getting worse since she turned 65 and has tried everything within the orthodox health system to try and ease the condition but unfortunately nothing has been successful in helping her and is still suffering from persistent pain. Prescribed medication has been tried to see if that would help Eileen’s condition but she claims to experience awful side effects and would rather not take any medication, because of the side effects Eileen has been experiencing they have started to make Eileen feel overly stressed for no real reason, due to this Eileen has been considering a couple of different complementary therapies which have been recommended by some close friends and family. The two therapies that Eileen has been researching and considering are acupuncture and osteopathy. * Acupuncture is said to help relieve pain by either diverting or changing the painful sensations that are sent to the brain to then alert you to the pain within the body. (Arthritis Research UK) * Osteopathy is also said to help relieve pain that individuals experience for a number of different reasons, this is done by improving mobility and reducing inflammation by using gentle, manual osteopathic techniques. (Hoddesdon osteopathic & sports injury clinic , 2016) Case study – Eileen is a 68 year old pensioner who suffers with arthritis, her arthritis has been getting worse since she turned 65 and has...
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