...Dorn Composition 1 25 November 2013 My Hero "One life is all we have and we live it as we believe in living it. But to sacrifice what you are and to live without belief, that is a fate more terrible than dying" (Biography Online). These are the words of a true hero, Joan of Arc. She is my hero because of her persistence, her bravery, and her closeness with God. Joan of Arc, or more appropriately Jeanne d'Arc, was a simple, peasant girl born at Domremy in Champagne (St. Joan of Arc). Although she could not read or write, she was very talented at sewing and spinning (St. Joan of Arc) and spent most of her youth on her father’s farm (Joan of Arc). I believe that people probably did not expect much from the girl, especially when taking the time period into consideration. “When Joan was about 12 years old, she began hearing ‘voices’ of St. Michael, St. Catherine, and St. Margaret believing them to have been sent by God. These voices told her that it was her divine mission to free her country from the English and help the dauphin gain the French throne. They told her to cut her hair, dress in man's uniform and to pick up the arms” (Joan of Arc). This makes sense due to her attitude towards the church. “It is said by friends that: ‘She was greatly committed to the service of God and the Blessed Mary’” (Biography Online). During Joan’s time, the Hundred Years War was taking place. “But by May, 1428, she no longer doubted that she was bidden to go to the help of the king...
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...JOAN OF ARC | Joan of Arc has been a Roman Catholic figure analysed and studied for hundreds of years. Her short life is discussed in numerous religious and political texts not only because of her involvement and guidance of the French troops in the Hundred Years’ War but because of the spiritual guidance to lead the troops that she claimed to receive in her visions. Whether Joan is considered a hero, a saint or a visionary woman, her life continues to be of controversy among scholars who still immortalize her with their studies. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the various perceptions that attempt to portray Joan of Arc as a venerated and outstanding figure. Part of the analysis will focus on her role as an inspirational woman, the iconography and symbols and the role within religion and political involvement that Joan of Arc continues to influence. Her life and death According to Kevin J. Harty’s article “Joan of Arc’s life may well be the most-documented of anyone who lived before the twentieth-century but as Professor Heimann’s ground-breaking and fascinating study suggests there is still much to be learned about the Maid of Orléans” (Harty 104). Her very short life (1412-31) had a series of events that would be remembered for hundreds of years to follow. At the age of 12, she started seeing visions of saints who would guide her way leading the French troops to end the siege of Orléans. Her visions can be contrasted with the annunciation experienced by the...
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...to the return of Gregory XI to Rome, was a grave error of judgement, though not the unmitigated evil excoriated by Petrarch in his furious passages calling Avignon a ‘hell upon earth” (Carroll, 355). When the Popes moved to Avignon a new whole chapter of Christendom was about to be created. And it was called The Hundred Years’ War. Throughout the Hundred Year’s War chaos was being made in Europe. The Pope left Rome and moved to Avignon, leaving the papacy severely compromised. And the invasion by the English to capture France caused a lot of turmoil, but...
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...St. Joan of Arc Leaders are born, not made. The Great Man Theory states that a “Great Man” would arise, almost like magic, to lead the people in times of need. Was Joan of Arc such a person? Or was she just a disturbed, confused teenager? Or perhaps she was a messenger of God? It is all subject to personal interpretation. In modern times, if you admit you talk to dead people, saints or not, you are considered out of your mind. However, no one can argue the historical fact that before Joan of Arc became involved in the 100 Years’ War, France was doomed to failure. Saint Joan, also known as Jeanne, was born on January 6, 1412, in the Village of Domremy. The village was in the middle of unstable surroundings: The French on one side, the English on the other. She was born as an illiterate, peasant daughter to Jacques d’Arc and Isabelle Romee. Her father was a farmer and the leader of the French Village Domremy during the time of the 100 Years’ War. Joan learned domestic skills and religion from her mother. Around the time she was thirteen, she claimed she could hear voices from Saints such as Michael, Margaret, and Catherine. They told her God would help her if she behaved and attended church regularly. From that point on, the Saints supposedly contacted her three to four times a week. Her vision from God and the Saints told her to recover her homeland from English domination. She petitioned the French Governor Count Robert de Baudricourt at Vaucouleurs to visit the French...
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...The birth of Joan of Arc occurred at one of the most crucial periods in French history. France was desperate for a leader to emerge from thin air. France’s cause was pathetic, until Joan of Arc arrived at the perfect time. Joan was born in January of 1412, it was a time full of despair and chaos. Joan was not quite a genius nor a great fighter, but every one of Joan’s action involved confidence and energy. The English army should have been scared the very moment they knew of Joan’s existence. As time passed, the French people gathered around her and supported every decision she made. Although, Joan was eventually captured and murdered; her life will always be vital to France’s victory. Joan of Arc is a national hero, a patron saint, and symbol of hope to every wandering soul of France. Joan’s motivation and dedication to God has inspired thousands of people over the last six centuries. Her persistence is sometimes seen as ignorance or stupidy but it is what made her the great leader that she was. Joan of Arc’s unmatched leadership, courageous mission, and tragic martyrdom propelled her to be one of the greatest military and religious heroines in Medieval France. Joan of Arc’s steadfast dedication to complete her mission from God acted as a guide and savior to the staggering nation of France. The task was given to Joan at a young age and Joan would forever carry the burdens and responsibilities of her mission. The mission was to crown Charles the dauphin King of France, relieve...
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...JOAN OF ARC THE STORY OF JEHANETTE d’ARC TIM PARRY, JR. Chapman University 14 January 2004 HIST 306 DR. W. F. LEE Bibliography Birkin, Andrew. The Messenger: The Story of Joan of Arc. California: Columbia Pictures, 1999. Prayer to St. Joan of Arc for Faith. Retrieved from http://members.tripod.com/ LaPieta/joanarc.htm on January 13, 2004. St. Joan of Arc. Retrieved from http://www.catholic.org on January 13, 2004. Tierney, Brian. Western Europe in the Middle Ages: 300-1475, Sixth Edition. New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1999. Trask, Willard. Joan of Arc: In Her Own Words. New York: Turtle Point Press, 1996. INTRODUCTION In the face of your enemies, in the face of harassment, ridicule, and doubt, you held firm in your faith. Even in your abandonment, alone and without friends, you held firm in your faith. Even as you faced your own mortality, you held firm in your faith. I pray that I may be as bold in my beliefs as you, St. Joan. I ask that you ride alongside me in my own battles. Help me be mindful that what is worthwhile can be won when I persist. Help me hold firm in my faith. Help me believe in my ability to act well and wisely. Amen. This is a Catholic prayer for Faith said today to Saint Joan of Arc who was canonized in 1920 by Pope Benedict XV. According to the official Catholic Church web site she tops the list of the most popular Catholic Saints. So why was this woman burned...
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...a child I spent a brief period studying ballet and on a visit to Prague, in February 2013, I enjoyed watching the Russian Ballet perform 'Giselle' at the Prague State Opera House. I have often wondered why so many ballets and the female heroines in them end in tragedy. My essay will discuss the issues that female heroines face and the events that eventually bring them to their fate. I will also discuss the origins and definitions of ‘heroine’ and ‘tragedy’. In order to examine my chosen themes I started my investigation by watching, analysing and comparing the films ‘Black Swan’, ‘The Red Shoes’ and the ballet ‘Giselle’. I read the feminist writings of Marina Warner on the portrayal of women, the Catholic Church and also her book on ‘Joan of Arc. In my essay I will be discussing the themes of love, conquest, devotion, deception, spirituality and how they play a role in altering the lives of the female protagonists in various different situations and offer my own opinions on how the tragedies are formed. I will begin my comparison of the female heroines that I will be discussing, with Giselle. Figure 1'Giselle and Count Albrecht' The Russian Ballet Giselle is a poor peasant’s daughter who falls in love with Count Albrecht. Count Albrecht’s character plays the main part in the protagonist Giselle’s downfall during the ballet, as he breaks her heart when she learns that he is betrothed to another higher socially standing figure. The fact that Count Albrecht has ultimately...
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...The Punic Wars and the Hundred Years War The Punic Wars happened in the years 264 BCE-146 BCE and was between Carthage and Rome. The Hundred Years’ War happened in the years 1337-1453 and was between England and France. These wars, although over a thousand years apart, exhibit many of the same themes. The Hundred Years’ War reflects the patterns of the Punic Wars: the losers of the war started stronger, the victors won because of mental strength, and the war affecting the involved parties. The losers of the wars, Carthage and England, originally had the advantage over the eventual victors of the wars, Rome and France. Carthage was in the lead for the beginnings of both the First and Second Punic War....
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...nationalist works have been cited and recognized by the Quezon City and Manila governments, the Civil Liberties Union, and the Polytechnic University of the Philippines and the University of the Philippines * his writings: 1. teach us to re-examine our colonial history 2. wants us to learn from our past and to correct some of the historical errors made by early writers of history 3. “usable past” – a past that can be used to advance the Filipino’s quest for genuine nationhood History and Partisan Scholarship * discusses the frameworks used by early historians in writing our history * emphasized that since colonial mentality and culture were effective instruments of colonization, a counter-culture for national liberation was necessary in order to blast the myths and distortions of history Definition of History * History is not just a description of the past but an important tool in understanding the present * It helps us to understand how events in the past shaped our society and how mistakes committed in the past will serve as lessons to be used in the future Writings on History I. Early Writings A. Created myths / propagated “colonial consciousness” B. Sources of Distortions: 1. Clerical Scholars a. point of view: religion b. writings based on Christian prejudices 2. American Historians a. focused on education b. posed as altruistic benefactors of the subjugated people 3. Filipino Historians...
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...friendship, but due to the fact that he no longer wants what he wanted before. Enkidu is sent to to tame Gilgamesh’s “stormy-heart.” Before he was free to do as he pleased because he had no one to oppose him, so “neither the father’s son/ nor the wife of the noble; neither the mother’s daughter/ nor the warrior’s bride was safe” whereas now Enkidu satisfies him in a way this had not, so he stops. To many, this would seem to be a lose of power, an inability to exercise his macho-man strength, but in terms of strength of heart...
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...No matter the environment, leaders are needed in every aspect of life. Children need leaders to help them develop, students need leaders to help them learn, and teams need leaders to help the group achieve a common goal. But the real question emerges, how does one become a leader? Are leaders born, or do they rise to the occasion? How do leaders get their peers to rally around their actions? Former National Football League linebacker Ray Lewis of the Baltimore Ravens epitomizes what a leader should be on the field. Lewis was a linebacker for 17 seasons (1996-2012) for the Baltimore Ravens, and the early 2000’s Ravens defense is considered one of the greatest units in sports history. However, while Ray Lewis was viewed as one of the best on the field leaders in NFL history, however his legacy, reputation, and image were tainted by actions away from the playing field.. How is it that a figure like Ray Lewis could be so revered on the field, but off the field he was heavily criticized for his actions and behavior? Throughout this essay I will analyze Ray Lewis’ upbringing and discuss how he developed his leadership qualities that caused former teammate Jamal Lewis to say, “In recent history, I can’t really think of a player who has been as valuable to a team as Ray Lewis has been. He’s a different player, as far as his physicality, his passion off the field, his work ethic, and at the same time he can lead vocally. You don’t have all of that in one player, and I think that’s what makes...
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...Samuel Langhorne Clemens, also know as Mark Twain, was born in 1835 and died in 1910 (Student Handbook 379). He is best known as an American humorist and for his realistic view of America in the nineteenth century through his novels and other stories. He had the whole world captivated through his expert writing and lectures. "I never let my schooling interfere with my education (home.eathlink.net/…/twain.html)," Mark Twain once said. Mark Twain was a great inspiration to America in the nineteenth century and is still an inspiration to contemporary writers today. Mark Twain was born as Samuel Langhorne Clemens in the small town of Florida, Missouri. He lived in a small, two-bedroom house, and being the fourth of five children, it was obviously very crowded in their house (Compton's Interactive Encyclopedia 1). In 1839, at the age of four, he and his family moved to Hannibal, Missouri which is located directly adjacent to the Mississippi River (World Book 530). Here is where Twain grew up as a boy. This was where his inspiration of most his books came from. He witnessed things that would later make him the great author as we know him today. Without this period in his life, a huge chunk of literary history would be missing from America. By living on the banks of the Mississippi River, he experienced many wonderful things like colorful steamboats traveling down the river, some would just pass by, while many would stop and exchange cargo. These steamboats would bring...
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...it accomplished its objectives. Why did it succeed or fail? Jonathan Riley-Smith, The Crusades: A Short History; Carole Hillenbrand, The Crusades: Islamic Perspectives; Christopher Tyerman, God’s War: A New History of the Crusades 2. How did anti-Semitism manifest itself in medieval Europe? Kenneth R. Stow, Alienated Minority: The Jews of Medieval Latin Europe; Mark R. Cohen, Under Crescent and Cross: The Jews in the Middle Ages; Solomon Grayzel, The Church and the Jews in the Thirteenth Century 3. What was the position of prostitutes in medieval society? Ruth Mazo Karras, Common Women; Leah Otis, Prostitution in Medieval Society; Margaret Wade Labarge, A Small Sound of the Trumpet: Women in Medieval Life 4. Why did the French choose to follow Joan of Arc during the the Hundred Years War? Kelly DeVries, Joan of Arc: A Military Leader; Bonnie Wheeler, ed., Fresh Verdicts on Joan of Arc; Margaret Wade Labarge, A Small Sound of the Trumpet: Women in Medieval Life 5. Discuss the significance of siege warfare during the crusades. You may narrow this question down to a single crusade if you wish. Jim Bradbury, The Medieval Siege; Randall Rogers, Latin Siege Warfare in the Twelfth Century; John France, Victory in the East: A Military History of the First Crusade 6. Why did the persecution of heretics increase during the high and later Middle Ages? You may focus on the persecution...
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...| Talambuhay ni Dr. Jose P. Rizal | | Isinilang sa Calamba, Laguna noong ika-19 ng Hunyo, 1861. Tinaguriang pinakadakilang anak ng lahing kayumanggi. Siya ay si Jose Protacio Mercado Rizal Alonzo Realonda Y Quintos. Ang kanyang mga magulang ay sina Francisco Engracio Rizal Mercado Alejandro at Teodora Alonzo Realonda Quintos. Ricial, dito nagmula ang pangalang Rizal na nangangahuluganag "mula sa bigas o palay" ng luntiang kabukiran. Ito ay alinsunod sa kapasyahan ng Kapitan Heneral Claveria noong ika-27 ng Nobyembre,1849. Si Rizal ay bininyagan noong ika-20 ng Hunyo, 1861 sa Calamba, Laguna. Ang nagbinyag sa kanya ay si Padre Rufino Collantes at si Padre Pedro Casañas ang kanyang naging ninong. Noong 1864, siya'y tatlong taong gulang, tinuruan siya ng kanyang ina ng abakada at nang siya'y siyam na taong gulang na ay pinadala siya sa Biñan at nag-aral sa ilalim ni Justiniano Aquino Cruz. Ika-20 ng Enero, 1872 ay pumasok si Rizal sa Ateneo Municipal de Manila dito siya nagtamo ng kanyang pangunahing medalya at notang Sobrasaliente sa lahat ng aklat. Noong ika-14 ng Marso, 1877 tumanggap siya ng katibayang Bachiler en Artes at notang Sobrasaliente kalakip ang pinakamataas na karangalan. Nag-aral siya Filosopia Y Letras sa Unibersidad ng Santo Tomas noong 1878 at Agham sa pagsasaka sa Ateneo. Sa Ateneo din siya ng panggagamot. Ika-5 ng Mayo, 1882. Siya ay nagtungo sa Europa sa gulang na 21 upang magpatuloy ng pag-aaral. Sapagkat hindi siya nasisiyahan sa pagtuturo sa eskwelang...
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...come for the African to forget and cast behind him his hero worship and adoration of other races, and to start out immediately, to create and emulate heroes of his own. We must canonize our own saints, create our own martyrs, and elevate to positions of fame and honor black women and men who have made their distinct contributions to our history. Sojourner Truth is worthy of the place of sainthood alongside of Joan of Arc; Crispus Attucks and George William Gordon are entitled to the halo of martyrdom with no less glory than that of the martyrs of any other race. Toussaint L'Ouverture's brilliancy as a soldier and statesman outshone that of a Cromwell, Napoleon and Washington; hence, he is entitled to the highest place as a hero among men. Africa has produced countless numbers of men and women, in war and in peace, whose lustre and bravery outshine that of any other people. Then why not see good and perfection in ourselves?" From skin lighting to perms, the Negroe has spent years trying to assimilate into 'Eurpoean' culture. Years trying to "get nice" with White America when their agenda all along has been to annialte everything Africa. Marcus Mosiah Garvey, Jr. saw the mental anguish of his people and spent his life on awakening the minds of Negroes. August 17th 1887, born the youngest of 11 in St. Ann's Bay, Jamaica, to Marcus Mosiah Garvey, Sr and Sarah Jane Richards, Marcus wasnt always enlightened. Mr. Garvy was born a little after the Emancipation Proclamation came to...
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