...to amount of water vapor it contains. Humidity is closely related to its temperature – higher the air temperature, more vapor the air can hold. * For this reason, saturation vapor pressure (ew) goes up with air temperature; i.e., as temperature goes up ew also goes up. Significance of Humidity The amount of water vapor in air effectively controls the weather condition by controlling evapotranspiration from land and water surfaces. Evaporation rate is proportional to difference between saturated vapor pressure at water temperature (ew) and actual vapor pressure in air (ea). EL = C (ew – ea), Where, EL is lake evaporation rate, C is a constant of proportionality. Causes of Humidity Molecules of water having sufficient kinetic energy to overcome attractive forces tending to hold them within the body of liquid water are projected through the water surface into the air. The process by which liquid water is converted into vapor is called vaporization or evaporation. Since the kinetic energy increases and surface tension decrease as temperature rises, evaporation rate increases with temperature. Most of the atmospheric vapor is the product of evaporation from water surfaces. The direct transformation from ice to vapor, and vice versa, is called sublimation. The process by which vapor changes to the liquid or solid state is called condensation. Properties of Water Vapor The partial pressure exerted by water vapor is called vapor pressure (e). If all the water vapor in a closed...
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...National Cranberry Cooperative Case Study 1. How might transport vehicles be utilized more effectively? Should crews be scheduled differently on peak days? More crews should be scheduled in the bagging station during peak days The fourth bagging station should be utilized during peak hours (instead of just three of the four being used at a given time) An additional 2,667 bbls per 12-hour period could be processed with these changes At receiving plant no. 1 (RP1), trucks would arrive randomly throughout the day, with a random amount of berries, anywhere from 20 to 400 bbls. In order to utilize transport vehicles more effectively, there should be crews scheduled differently on peak days. It only takes 5 to 10 minutes to unload a truck into a Kiwanne dumper, but the backup would occur when the holding bins were full, causing drivers to have waits up to 3 hours. The backup is not occurring in receiving, so now additional crews are necessary at that station. All feed conveyors are in use during peak times so no new crews need to be added there. However, there seems to be a backup occurring in the bagging station. Instead of keeping the fourth bagging machine as a spare, they should add another five-member team to operate the fourth bagging machine during peak hours. This would result in an additional 2,667 bbls per 12-hour period, or a total of 10,667 bbls per 12-hour period. The additional crews and adding of a bagging station would reduce the number of berries that...
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...out the best and worst of all riders. Riding in the wet requires you to be aware of the low friction conditions that exist between the tyres and the road. This can be dangerous but if you are cautious and aware of the hazards, it is no more dangerous than any other normal day. And it is only through riding in the rain that you become aware of your own capabilities and limitations and those of your bike and its tyres in such weather. Tyres have grooves in their tread and their purpose is to remove water from under the contact patch. Obviously, if the tyre is worn smooth with no grooves left, water on the road stays trapped under the tyre and it slips. Tyres in good condition with sticky rubber inflated to the recommended pressure go a long way in improving the grip. Apart from good tyres, the trick to maintaining traction when riding is smoothness. All transitions i.e. acceleration, braking, gear shifting and turning should be accomplished smoothly. Be gentle in braking and acceleration and follow the widest possible arcs during cornering. Remember road grip is already fighting a losing battle with slippery conditions. Your tire traction is cut by as much as TWO-THIRDS on wet roads. Don't make it worse for the tyres by demanding too much from them and in too short a time. Retaining your traction in the wet is far easier than regaining it. a slide that can be corrected in the dry will almost certainly take you down in the wet. Brake gently, using more of the rear brake than...
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...first experiment, wet sand was cooler than the dry sand in the beginning but heated up at a faster rate than the dry sand, according to Table 1. The range of the wet sand was 11 degrees compared to the range of the dry sand which was 6 degrees. However, it was expected that the wet sand would heat up at a slower rate than the dry sand because water retains heat longer than other substances. Despite the wet sand heating up at a faster rate, the wet sand did not exceed the temperature of the dry sand. At the end of the 20 minutes, the wet sand was 29 degrees and the dry sand was 31 degrees. This result suggests that even though damp areas would heat up at a faster rate than drier areas, the damp area would not exceed the temperature of the drier area....
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...Title: Wet mount Aim: The aim of this experiment is to make a wet mount side and observe the paramecium’s and other microorganisms found in the pond water. Background information/ introduction A technique that is widely used in science biology is wet mounts. Practising this technique helps in order to study slides with specimen under a microscope. In this skill the specimen ejected along with a drop of liquid (e.g. water) and then it is covered with a cover slip. Unlike permanent mount slides, wet slides cannot be stocked for over a long period of time as the liquid might evaporate and growth of unwanted microorganisms may lead to the contamination of the slide. In order to avoid this contamination and still be able to use the slide for...
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...proper use and care of the microscope. We will also learn how to clean up wet mount slides. Objects, or specimens, to be observed under a microscope are generally prepared in one of two ways. Prepared or permanent slides are made to last a long time. They are usually purchased from biological supply houses. Temporary or wet mount slides are made to last only a short time-usually one laboratory period. In the 1600’s, Anton von Leeuwenhoek discovered the life that lives in a drop of pond water. This discovery opened up a new world for biologists that could be explored only with the aid of magnification. Since Leeuwenhoek’s time, the microscope has become one of the most important tools used by biologists. Much has been learned about the nature of life and about living things with the help of the microscope. Methods & Materials: Compound light microscope prepared glass slide lens paper newspaper beaker rubbing alcohol glass slide coverslip forceps pipette scissors kim wipes dark thread light thread medicine dropper pond water The steps or procedures of the regular class procedure is first we had to grab the two microscopes that Jacob and I were using. Then we would have to get the wet-mount slide ready for experimentation or since we did one permanent slide we would have to go grab one of the permanent slides. Once as we made the wet-mount slide or grabbed the permanent slide we had to do the correct procedures...
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...Desulfurization of Flue Gas Matthew Allsopp, Mallory Clites, Christopher Nunes, Charles Onyenemezu CHBE 446 February 6, 2014 Outline ● Introduction ● Regulations on Sulfur Dioxide ● Flue-Gas Desulfurization Methods ○ Scrubbers ○ SNOX ○ Wet Sulfuric Acid Process ● Application to Project Introduction ● Flue-Gas Desulfurization (Post-Processing) ○ Removes sulfur dioxide from flue gas emissions (often chemically) ● Flue Gas ○ The effluent stream of a process; composed of a mixture of gases ○ Some products formed from combustion reactions: ■ Carbon Dioxide, Carbon Monoxide, Water Vapor ■ Sulfur Dioxide, Hydrogen Sulfide ○ Other products are non-reactive species ■ Nitrogen Introduction ● Sulfur Dioxide ○ 93% of SO2 emissions arise from fossil-fuel combustion at power plants or other industrial facilities ● Issues with SO2 ○ causes respiratory problems ○ air pollutant ○ reactive acid ■ oxidizes to form H2SO4 "Sulfur Dioxide." EPA. Environmental Protection Agency, 08 Jan. 2014. Web. 03 Feb. 2014. Regulations on Sulfur Dioxide ● Natural atmospheric concentration is 1ppb ● Two standards of differing tolerance ○ Primary- stricter to protect elderly, children ■ Level averaged over 3 years must not exceed 75 ppb. ○ Secondary- to protect public welfare (plants, animals) ■ Must not exceed 0.5 ppm more than once per year ● These numbers for the basis for the design of a power plant Owen, Lewis A.; Pickering, Kevin T (1997). An Introduction to Global Environmental...
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...issertationThe Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School College of Earth and Mineral Sciences PORE-SCALE IMAGING AND LATTICE BOLTZMANN MODELING OF SINGLEAND MULTI-PHASE FLOW IN FRACTURED AND MIXED-WET PERMEABLE MEDIA A Dissertation in Energy and Mineral Engineering by Christopher James Landry © 2013 Christopher James Landry Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 2013 The dissertation of Christopher James Landry was reviewed and approved* by the following: Zuleima T. Karpyn Associate Professor of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering Dissertation Adviser Chair of Committee Li Li Assistant Professor of Energy and Mineral Engineering Russell T. Johns Professor of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering Maria Lopez de Murphy Associate Professor of Civil Engineering Luis Ayala Associate Professor of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering Associate Department Head for Graduate Education *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School ii ABSTRACT Three investigations of pore-scale single-phase and multiphase flow in fractured porous media and mixed-wet porous media are presented here. With an emphasis on validating and utilizing lattice Boltzmann models in conjunction with x-ray computed microtomography. The objective of the first study is to investigate fracture flow characteristics at the pore-scale, and evaluate the influence of the adjacent permeable...
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...cloth and with a wet rubbing cloth. The staining of the fabrics is assessed by comparison with the grey scale. Test specimen: 2 pieces dark purple knitted fabrics Size: 16cm X 5cm Specimens are cut and positioned for testing with the long dimension oblique to warp and weft or wales and courses. Two specimens are prepared one each for dry and wet rubbing. AATCC Crockmeter Test Cloth: 12 undyed bleached cotton lawn cut in 5cm squares Distilled water Grey Scale for assessing Staining Light box (D65 daylight) Procedures First, dry crocking test was started. Specimen that wale through longer side was put on the crockmeter base and covered by a specimen holder. Cotton rubbing cloth was mounted on the end of finger with a ring clip with loops upward to avoid contact between the clip and the specimen. The finger was placed downward so the specimen was contacted with it. The meter handle was then cranked 10 turns. 1 second was used for each turn. Ring clip was removed and the cotton rubbing cloth was taken off from the finger. The change in whiteness of the rubbing cloth was assessed with the grey scale. Procedures 1.2-1.5 were repeated 3 times. Then, the specimen that wale through longer side was replaced by the one with course through longer side. Procedures 1.2-1.5 were repeated 3 times. Then, wet crocking test was started. 6 Cotton rubbing clothes were put into distilled water and taken out and tissue was used to adsorb excessing water. Procedures 1.2-1...
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...Lab 1: Microscopy and the Metric System Purpose The purpose of this lab is to become familiar with the lighted microscope, how to prepare a wet mount, and understand taking measurements in the metric system and its conversions. Materials & Methods Materials: Part A: * Computer for videos Part B: * Tape measure with centimeters * Scale that measures grams * Thermometer that shows Celsius * Campbell Biology Book * 1 piece Orange Starburst Methods: Part A: Combined Lighted Microscope 1. Watch video on microscope 2. Answer the provided questions on the microscope Wet Mount: 1. Watch video on wet mount 2. Explain the process of creating a wet mount Part B: Width of Book: 1. Lay book flat 2. Take the measuring tape and measure the width of the book in centimeters Mass of Orange Starburst: 1. Place the scale on flat surface 2. Zero the scale and set the display to grams 3. Place the orange starburst and write down the mass in grams Meniscus: 1. Answer the provided question on Meniscus in a graduated cyclinder Temperature: 1. Set thermometer to display temperature in Celsius 2. Take room temperature by turning on the thermometer and noting temperature 3. Take body temperature by placing the thermometer on the back of your hand Results Part A: Microscopy 1) Parts of a compound microscope and their functions. a) Focal Adjustment- helps adjusts the slide into focus b) Eyepiece- the lens...
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...addition a cell wall, a rigid structure made up of cellulose that surrounds the plasma membrane. Most animal cells are mostly filled with cytoplasm, whereas the plant cell has much of its volume taken up by a central vacuole containing water, salts, sugars and other compounds. The purpose of this experiment is to differentiate between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Also to distinguish among plant, animal, and protest cells and identifying the organelles that are evident in them. Materials and Methods A wet mount with a sample of Elodea (a common pond weed) was prepared. The wet mount is prepared by placing a drop of water on a glass slide. A very small piece of the Elodea is placed in the water and covered with a slip cover. The slide was then placed under the light microscope and observed for cell shape, and identifying the different organelles evident in the plant. The slide was kept on the microscope stage until it became warm. After a few minutes the slide was observed for the movement of the chloroplasts. The movement of the chloroplasts was also recorded. A wet mount with a sample of an onion cell was prepared. The wet mount is prepared by placing a drop of water onto a glass slide. One thin layer of the onion was placed in the drop of water. One drop...
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...College of Engineering and Design Silliman University Dumaguete City, 6200 A PROPOSED RENOVATION OF THE WET MARKET IN DUMAGUETE CITY A TECHNICAL REPORT Submitted to MS. HERMIESELA B. DURAN Course Instructor Department of English and Literature Silliman University Submitted by ERNEL D. GONZAGA Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering – III GHIFT LYNBEL P. SUMAGAYSAY Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering - III Date LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL Ms. Hermiesela B. Duran Department of English and Literature Silliman University Dumaguete City Dear Ms. Duran, We feel immense pleasure in presenting to your good self, our technical report entitled “A Proposed Renovation of the Wet Market in Dumaguete City”, as part of our requirement. We found this report to be truly challenging in many aspects and would be a great reference for future references. The report mainly revolves around the planning and organizing that aims to aid the renovation of the Dumaguete City wet market in order to upgrade the quality of services and promote sanitation for public safety. Kindly accept this humble effort bringing forward our proposal on the subject matter. Yours sincerely, ERNEL D. GONZAGA GHIFT LYNBEL P. SUMAGAYSAY I. Introduction Public markets are important in the economic life of the country because these provide the physical venue where suppliers of basic commodities, mainly food, are linked together with buyers and consumers, making...
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...Upon proceeding to the checkout lanes, Maans slipped and fell. Maans tried to avoid the fall by grabbing onto another cart which was in front of her. Maans was unable to avoid the fall and fell on her back. Maans was six-and-one-half months pregnant and was transported to the hospital by ambulance. At the time of the fall, Maans did not recall seeing anything wet on the floor or recall her clothes being wet after the fall. However, Maans stated she heard the assistant store manager tell another person to clean all the water off of the floor. Maans also stated she heard the assistant store manager tell the paramedics to be careful not to slip on the water that was on the floor. Maans did not know how the water got on the floor or how long the water had been on the floor. There was also no “wet floor” sign in sight. The assistant store manager stated that there were a couple of drops of soda on the floor at the time...
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...Name and course section: LeKesha Hinds Title: Bacterial Morphology- Lab #2 Purpose: Being able to observe morphologies by preparing wet mount slides and learning direct and indirect staining techniques. Procedure: First, set up the microscope. View the prepared slides of bacterial morphology. Use each morphological type as a comparative tool for the remainder of the exercise. Disinfect your work area with a 10%-bleach solution using the Procedures in the Preparation of Disinfecting Solution section in the Appendix. Use the marker pencil to make a dime-sized circle on each of the three slides. Use a clean pipet to add a drop of warm water to the circle on the first slide. With the cotton swab vigorously scrape the inside of your mouth and gums. Smear the swab inside the circle on the first slide, transferring as much material to the drop of water as possible. Cover the drop with a cover slip. Use the pipet to add a drop of water to the circle on the second slide. Use the toothpick to scrape a sample of plaque from your teeth. Transfer the plaque from the toothpick to the drop of water, mixing well to dissolve any clumps. Cover the drop with a cover slip. Use the pipet to add a drop of the S. cerevisiae mixture to the circle of the third slide. Cover the drop with a cover slip. Set the cup of yeast mixture and its pipet aside for later use. Second, do the same as for the first slides. When the slides are completely dry, heat-fix each slide with a flame source. Hold sample...
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...(Plant I) Unit I - GE Mark I BWR (439 MW), Operating since 1971 Unit II-IV - GE Mark I BWR (760 MW), Operating since 1974 The Fukushima Daiichi Incident – March 21, 2011 The Fukushima Daiichi Incident " Building structure Concrete Building Steel-framed Service Floor 1. Plant Design " Containment Pear-shaped Dry-Well en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Browns_Ferry_Nuclear_Power_Plant Torus-shaped Wet-Well nucleartourist.com The Fukushima Daiichi Incident – March 21, 2011 The Fukushima Daiichi Incident 1. Plant Design " Service Floor The Fukushima Daiichi Incident – March 21, 2011 The Fukushima Daiichi Incident 1. Plant Design " Lifting the Containment closure head The Fukushima Daiichi Incident – March 21, 2011 The Fukushima Daiichi Incident 1. Plant Design " Reactor Service Floor (Steel Construction) " Concrete Reactor Building (secondary Containment) Spend Fuel Pool Fresh Steam line Main Feedwater " Reactor Core " Reactor Pressure Vessel " Containment (Dry well) " Containment (Wet Well) / Condensation Chamber The Fukushima Daiichi Incident – March 21, 2011 The Fukushima Daiichi Incident 2. Accident progression " 11.3.2011 14:46 - Earthquake Magnitude 9 Power grid in northern Japan fails Reactors itself are mainly undamaged " SCRAM Power generation due to Fission of Uranium stops Heat generation due to radioactive Decay of Fission Products • After Scram • ...
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