...substantially for many goods not readily available to the masses beforehand, for example, tea. The Victorian tea set can tell us a great deal about consumption and conspicuous consumption in 19th century Britain. For instance, that appearance and the expensive belongings people had were important to one’s image and social stature, therefore, for families that were able to afford such things such as an expensive Wedgwood tea set were seen as important and wealthy people. The Victorian tea set also became a fashion accessory. Furthermore, luxury and consumption also began to grow more hand in hand. However, conspicuous consumption and social emulation affected the working classes greatly which will also be explored. Wedgwood, being a producer of high quality tea sets in the 19th century, began to aim its products at a much wider market by the 1840s by producing mid – range tea sets so that more British households could afford such luxuries.[1] This shows that demand and conspicuous consumption was on the rise as many more people began the need for this new fashion accessory, hence Wedgwood expanding into this mid – range market. The rise in demand of tea sets ultimately evolved from the fast growing popularity of tea, as it became a respectable drink suitable for all sexes and an appropriate alternative to beer, port and gin, which were drinks drank to avoid the dirty water around at the time. The taste for tea had spread to the working class, which increased demand and ultimately prices...
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...Sample Final Exam Essay: Legalize Gay Marriage English—Mr. Fichter (This sample essay is based upon a student-written essay from last year. The student author is anonymous.) Homosexuality is everywhere. You can see it in books, on television, in the media; it is rapidly becoming a social norm. Given this trend of greater acceptance of gay marriage, the issue of whether to legalize same-sex marriage naturally arises. Massachusetts has led the way by legalizing gay marriage. Responding to this example, some states have taken steps towards accepting gay marriage while others are considering laws and constitutional amendments banning gay marriage within state borders. President George Bush has recently proposed a ban on gay marriage in the U.S. Constitution (Hulse). If Americans carefully examine the situation, however, they should all be able to understand the importance of making same-sex marriage legal in the United States. Those opposing same-sex marriage claim that by allowing this act, marriages everywhere will lose their honor and validity (Kurtz). Marriages between a man and a woman would lose their special importance, these opponents argue, if the definition of marriage is expanded to include same-sex couples as well. The test of time has proven this fear pointless. For several years, Germany, Spain, and the Netherlands have allowed gay marriage without any signs of damage to heterosexual couples. Social life in these countries continues unchanged, and...
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...Charles Darwin was born on February 12, 1809, in Shrewsbury, England and died at the Down House in Kent on April 19, 1882. He was born to Robert and Susannah Darwin. Robert was a successful physician whose father, Erasmus Darwin, had also been a physician but had made his name as a poet of the natural world. Susannah Wedgwood came from a family of potters; her father, Josiah Wedgwood, had made a small fortune making high-quality pottery. Both sides of Darwin's family were liberal in their politics and indifferent in their religion. Darwin spent his childhood playing at The Mount, the Darwin home and estate in Shrewsbury. He was schooled at home by his sister Caroline until he was eight years old and Susannah died. He then spent a year at a day school and transferred to a boarding school, the Shrewsbury School, only a mile away from The Mount. There he studied, getting acceptable but unremarkable grades, until age sixteen, when his father sent him to the University of Edinburgh to study medicine. Darwin focused on collecting, hunting, and naturalizing instead of medicine. It was there that he first learned to study and collect beetles. The marine biologist Robert Grant took him under his wing. After two years, it was obvious that Darwin would not become a doctor, so with the help of his father Darwin transferred to the University of Cambridge to study for the clergy of the Anglican Church. There he became friends with the older botanist John Henslow. Soon after graduating...
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...track of the assets and profits of many distinct trading ventures at different stages of completion. In 1657, the company ruled that stock was to be valued, and four years later the governor of the company stated that “future distributions would consist of the profits earned (dividends) and not “divisions” as in the past”. Many guides for investors and accountants were written during this development period. Examples include Stock Exchange Accounts; with an appendix of forms which details stock exchange bookkeeping, Haight and Freese Co’s Guide to Investors which lists the stock prices for various companies between 1890-1900 18th Century Josiah Wedgwood, the founder of famous pottery manufacturer Wedgwood is considered by many to be a pioneer in cost accountancy. After examining business accounts, Josiah Wedgwood discovered that his head clerk had been embezzling from the company 19th Century The early evolution of accounting was dominated by advances in bookkeeping practice. There are numerous books chronicling this progression. The century following the industrial revolution saw great progress from the “method of systematically recording [financial] exchanges into a means of giving business management an effective control over its affairs”. 1816 - John Croaker, a bank clerk from England, was caught and charged with embezzling from the bank...
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...is evidence that conservative ideal enjoy widespread acceptance” It could be argued that there is no subject more divided in the United States today than same gender marriage. Same sex marriage is talked about in some form almost daily, whether it is politics, religion or on the job. Some states, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Iowa, Vermont, New Hampshire, New York, Washington and even Washington D.C. have made it legal for same sex marriages. Both sides of the issue of same sex marriages face the United States today. There are many views on the essential features of marriage. Marriage has always thought to be universally understood as a biological, social and economic arrangement to bring into the world and raise the young. For example, (Wedgwood, 1999) believes that the basic core, for marriage has three elements: (1) sexual intimacy; (2) domestic and...
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...Charles Robert Darwin was born on February 12, 1809, in The Mount, Shrewsbury, England to Robert W. Darwin and Susannah Wedgwood. The Darwin family was rich, and Charles grew up in the large house called The Mount with 4 older siblings and 1 younger sibling. His early education consisted of lectures by his older sister, Caroline and a small day-school that he was sent to after his mother’s death in 1817. Charles already had developed a love of natural history and collecting by the time he was sent to a school in Shrewsbury in 1818 at 9 years old. “Nothing could have been worse for the development of my mind than Dr. Butler's school, as it was strictly classical, nothing else being taught except a little ancient geography and history. The school...
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...Personal development planning can be described as a process of creating a strategy based on introspection, understanding, goal creation and awareness for personal development within educational settings, professional settings or in order to improve oneself (Smith, 2011). Personal development planning (PDP) helps ascertain goals in an educational context, it also highlights strategies to achieve those goals. In Gsm the PDP process can be crucial in developing skills that are needed in pursuit of a student’s educational and career endeavours such as presentation skills, academic writing and so on, there will be an explanation on some of the skills below. An example of one of these skills is self-reflection, it is a process that helps students review how they are developing and where there is room for improvement. PDP in Gsm enables students to be better learners, it also teaches them how to reach their full potential. Paraphrasing can be defined as “Expressing the meaning of (something written or spoken) using different words, especially to achieve greater clarity” (Oxford dictionary, 2015), It is a literary tool that helps a student use their own words to convey or incorporate another person’s idea or message into their work without plagiarism. Some other uses of paraphrasing are. Paraphrasing is necessary for academic writing, Universities students need paraphrasing to produce work in that level(Lebedev, 2014).Paraphrasing is a very useful for academic purposes as it shows an...
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...CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Mass media has been around us for all our humanity and constantly evolving through time. From the early poets and writers of the civilizations as early as 3000 A.D., who were adored by their kings and superiors for their succulent plays and gratifying dramas, to the first print of the newspaper who reached its audience in a massive way. And as we, humans, evolve, so does technology. From listening to the voices coming out of these transmitting devices called radios that were invented in the 1894 by Guglielmo Marconi, to the invention of television that gives you a front-eye view on this great audio-visual experience. During the 1950s, black and white television became a part of American household. What was earlier in the paper can now be seen and heard at the same time. And in between the late twentieth and early twenty-first century, came the Internet. It reached its mass audience in a global scale. Connecting people from around the world, this has been the most effective way of communicating and sending a message to the people. And mass media led companies and alike to have a new way of reaching their prospects and consumers through advertisements. Advertisements of products on radio, television, billboards and others alike have been around for more than 300 years. And as we fast forward in time, it has evolved from simple and in-your-face commercials to the lavish and extravagant advertisements seen and heard by us. And other companies let the...
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...Autosomal Dominant Hyper IgE Syndrome, a STAT3 Mutation Lydia Sofia Moutsiou, W1574096 Hyper-immunoglobulin E syndrome (HIES), is a rare primary immunodeficiency characterized by elevated serum levels of IgE, pneumonia, recurrent eczema, eosinophilia, and staphyloccocal skin infections. It is estimated to affect 1:100,00 and it can inherited by be either an autosomal dominant (AD) mutation in STAT3 gene, or autosomal recessive mutation in DOCK8 gene (Grimbacher, Holland, & Puck, Hyper-IgE syndromes, 2005). History The autosomal dominant HIES was first described in 1966 by Davis, Schaller and Wedgwood. They investigated a rare case of two red-haired girls with recurrent eczema, pneumonia and staphylococcal skin infections and referred to it as Job’s syndrome (Davis, Schaller, & Wedgwood, 1966). Later on, in 1972, Buckley et al. worked on a case of two boys presenting the same symptoms as well as eosinophilia, severe dermatitis and elevated serum IgE levels and referred to it as Buckley’s syndrome (Buckley, Wray BB, & Belmaker, 1972). Further research in the first case of the two girls confirmed that they also had high serum IgE levels and abnormalities in neutrophil chemotaxis suggesting that both Davis and Buckley were describing the same syndrome (Hill, et al., 1974). For many years the condition was only associated with the immune system. In 1999, Grimbacher et al., proved that autosomal dominant HIES also affects the skeletal and connective tissue in a study...
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...an amount of publications. The main contacts are sports editors or art directors at newspapers and magazines, or marketing and municipal dealings managers of sports clubs. The word "photography" was coined from the Greek pedigrees “phōtos”, genitive of “phōs”, "light", and “graphé”, which is "representation by means of lines" or "drawing", mutually meaning "drawing with light". The antiquity of photography has heritages in far-flung bygone days with the breakthrough of the determinant of the camera obscura and the scrutiny that some gists are perceptibly amended by bringing to light. As far as is well-known, nobody thought of bringing these two phenomena together to capture camera images in permanent form until around 1800, when Thomas Wedgwood made the first reliably documented although unsuccessful attempt. In the mid-1820s, Nicéphore Niépce succeeded, but several days of exposure in the camera were required and the earliest results were very crude. Niépce's associate Louis Daguerre went on to develop the daguerreotype process, the first publicly announced photographic process, which required only minutes of exposure in the camera and produced clear, finely detailed results. It was commercially introduced in 1839, a date generally accepted as the birth year of practical photography. After Niepce’s death, Daguerre developed more suitable and effective technique of photography, naming it after himself - the daguerreotype. Daguerre's development 'fixed' the images onto a sheet...
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...Shaving 20 per cent from its inventories converted Australia’s largest pie maker from a believer in the effi ciency of bar codes, to a champion for the global GS1 standards. So much so, that Patties Foods has become a pioneer in the use of a new supply chain technology. Logistics is big business for Patties. The company behind the iconic Four’n Twenty, Herbert Adams, Patties, Great Australian Pies, Wedgwood and Nanna’s brand, Patties dispatches around 200 pallets of pastries daily from its eastern Victorian factory. At the other end of the supply chain, the company receives truckloads of fresh produce and ingredients every day from dozens of suppliers. Better information demanded by purchasing, planning and production Managing such large volumes of perishable goods means timely, accurate information about ingredients and orders is vital to the pastry manufacturer. Inspired by a GS1 Australia case study, Patties called in GS1 Australia’s Professional Services team in 2003. The time was right, according to Patties General Manager Purchasing and Supply, Joe Rettino. “The retailers had mandated the use of GS1 bar codes on shipping containers and we wanted to make sure we were compliant,” he said. “We could also relate to the experiences of other businesses who had been assisted by GS1 and could see potential benefi ts for us.” As part of GS1 Australia’s ‘Supply Chain Review’, the Professional Services team studied Patties’ operations, scoped a...
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...Lean Enterprise Organization Application ISCOM472 – Lean Enterprise January 25, 2016 Describe two core elements of Lean Enterprise that can be used to improve your organization Every organization can benefit from all five of the lean enterprise principles. The two core elements that I selected from Lean Enterprise that can be used to improve the salon at which I work are: 1) identifying value from the client’s perspective, and 2) mapping the value of stream for our services. It is imperative that we listen to our clients and pay attention to what they consider important, if we would like to retain them. The majority of our customers are pleased with our services and prices. Given this fact, I still believe that if we survey them, we might find that there are additional value-added services that they would appreciate which would make them more likely to remain loyal to us. Likewise, if we identify all of the steps in the value stream for our services and products, I am sure that we would find areas that do not create value for our clients or our organization. These areas can be streamlined or eliminated in order to give our clients the most pleasant experience from the moment they book their appointments until they leave the salon with their hair looking beautiful and their purchase of professional retail product in hand. Compare and contrast Six Sigma and TQM to Lean Enterprise I chose to compare and contrast Lean Enterprise with Six Sigma and TQM because although...
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...The Iranian Nuclear Dilemma Jonathan Metcalfe International Relations Research Paper Nathan Jones University of San Diego 5 December 2011 Since 2006 Iran has been making a serious push to gain nuclear weapons. Iran has been disregarding President Obama’s requests to cease the nuclear weapons program that is becoming a larger threat to international security. A realist would see the Iranian nuclear struggle as a push to challenge the power of the United States. Countries that have nuclear weapons legally through the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty are major world powers in regards to economic, military, and global influence. Realism suggests that if Iran were to obtain nuclear weapons that they could create hegemonic stability in the Middle East. Throughout history the Middle East has been a very unstable area. In recent years there has been effort to overthrow the dictatorial governments in the area, which created political unrest. Iran’s push to obtain nuclear technology could possibly bring peace to that area. Iran’s nuclear program has been developing since the 1960’s and was recently revived in 2006. Iran plans to have the nuclear technology ready by 2015. Iran could become a global superpower in years to come. Venezuela, Russia, the AQ Kahn network, and several other countries contribute to the Iranian development of nuclear weapons. These countries have aligned, and exchange information about WMD’s. Although aligning with...
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...I. Darwinism A. What is it? Darwinism is a theory of biological evolution developed by Charles Darwin and others, stating that all species of organisms arise and develop through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individual's ability to compete, survive, and reproduce. B. Types of Darwinism a. Social Darwinism - it is a modern name given to various theories of society that emerged in the United Kingdom, North America, and Western Europe in the 1870s, and which are claimed to have applied biological concepts of natural selection and survival of the fittest to sociology and politics. Social Darwinists generally argue that the strong should see their wealth and power increase while the weak should see their wealth and power decrease. b. Neo-Darwinism - is the "modern synthesis" of Darwinian evolution through natural selection with Mendelian genetics, the latter being a set of primary tenets specifying that evolution involves the transmission of characteristics from parent to child through the mechanism of genetic transfer, rather than the "blending process" of pre-Mendelian evolutionary science. c. Neural Darwinism – is a large scale theory of brain function by Gerald Edelman, was initially published in 1978, in a book called The Mindful Brain. Edelman was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1972 for his work in immunology showing how the population of lymphocytes capable of binding to a foreign...
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...of the dark ages that double-entry bookkeeping came into existence. (It began in the Venice/Florence area in Italy.) A hundred years later, Luca Pacioli, a Franciscan monk, wrote a math book that suggested merchants needed three things: sufficient cash or credit, an accounting system, and a good bookkeeper. Today accounting is commonly offered as a major of study. What do you, as a prospective accounting major, need to know about the field and the technological advances in accounting? What is commonly known today as “cost accounting” (defined as “The discipline of estimating, tracking and controlling product and service costs”) didn’t start until the late 18th century, and was spawned by an unlikely source—a world famous potter. Josiah Wedgwood was a highly successful potter when a depression hit, and he discovered that not only were his clerks ignoring much needed paperwork, they were also stealing money hand over fist. He took the time to examine the books in detail, noting inaccuracies and becoming aware of the importance of calculating overhead into the costs of his pottery. He hired a new clerk and began weekly accounting reviews, and according to historians, the concepts of “economies of scale” and “sunk costs” were discovered. He changed the prices of his pottery to reflect the influence of demand, creating both a high-end line and a lower quality mass market line. Wedgewood’s company was one of the few to survive that depression. It took another fifty years or so...
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