Week 4 Assignment
Lincoln Flelcher
Sci/151
April 25th, 2016
Ellis Hodgdon

Week 4 Assignment
In this here paper we will touch base on some of the topics and questions that's been asked at random. First, we will begin with; Cosmology is the study of the universe as a whole. Describe the foundation of modern cosmology. Secondly, what is The Big Bang Theory and is a part of cosmology. Explain the Big Bang theory and provide an example of one experiment scientists performed that supported it. The third is The Milky Way just one galaxy that resulted from the Big Bang. Describe the structure of the Milky Way and how dark matter influences it. When was dark energy discovered? How has that discovery changed people's view of the universe? Fourth and lastly, What is a theory of everything? What does it aim to do to people's understanding of the universe as a whole?

It is said that there are three founding fathers to what we call Modern Cosmology. Father one was Nicholas Copernicus. Copernicus brought forth the idea that it was not the earth that was the center of the universe, but the Sun instead and that everything, the moon, the planets, everything evolved around it. Second was Johannes Kepler. It was Kepler who made the discovery that the earth, the moon and all the other planets were indeed in orbit about the sun in ellipses. According to Counterbalance Foundation (1995), "This was the first of his three famous laws of planetary motion, which describe mathematically how the planets move through the sky. Moreover, with truly prescient insight, Kepler suggested that the planets were kept in orbit by a force emanating from the sun itself. This radical idea was eventually demonstrated by Isaac Newton later in the century. ” And lastly Issac Newton, whose laws of gravity and theory upon gravity was the nail that hammered it all in. Because of these three, the idea behind modern Cosmology was born.

The Big Bang Theory states that the universe, our galaxy was created in a massive Big Bang 13.8 billion years ago. This 'Big Bang' in theory was the result of an explosion that was condensed into the small singular point of cosmic energy. There are many known experiments that have been both taken and shown to provide evidence that the theory around the big bang is correct. Just as all explosions occur, there is always something left behind. In the effect of earth bases explosions, there is debris and remnants of the blast itself. With an explosion in space, there would have to have been some remnant. In this case, there was radiation. There have been many experiments that have looked that cosmic radiation and have shown signs of this big bang.

Everyone knows that the Milky way is made of hundred if not billions of stars. But what people do not know is that is is also made of other things such as dust, gas, dark matter and even has a black hole in its center. It is also known that the Milky Way is a spiral galaxy how ever what may not be known is that in the major regions in this galaxy dark matter exists. Three areas hold Dark Matter; the halo, disk, and bulge. Each of these areas has the same things in common. They are made up of gas, dust, stars of all ages, and even some dark matter. But to answer what Dark Matter does you have to look at the gravitational effects going around the areas that hold Dark Matter.

According to Purch (2016), "Dark energy was discovered in 1998 by two teams of astronomers, who measured the light coming from exploding stars called Type IA supernovae, known as "standard candles" for their consistent brightness. The striking result was that distant supernovae were dimmer (farther away) than they would be in a universe that was slowing down. The result suggested the expansion of the universe was accelerating. And the teams proposed something called dark energy could be driving this acceleration. This acceleration, it is thought, began about 5 billion years ago.” (). You have to look at Dark Energy as a force that opposes gravity. Where gravity wants to pull you in and hold you. Dark Energy sees to want to push you away. The fact that these to forces exist in the universe means that many of the theories that have been found might have a small flaw or test. You can also look at these two forces as two magnets, one positive and one negative working to repel each other.

According to "Theory Of Everything" (2012), "A theory of everything (TOE) is a hypothetical theory of theoretical physics that fully explains and links together all known physical phenomena. ” (). It hopes to bring all the fundamental interactions of nature under one roof. Unity them all under one theory and making it easier for scientists to do what they do best. Also, it helps to open a new idea to already known methods. It is by no means designed to ake fun, joke about or disprove any theory. The universe has so many different things going on with it, so may sciences and various ideas evolve about that try to prove or disprove one thing or another. Bringing them together under the TOE might bring some of the troubles to rest.

In conclusion, many things revolve around our solar system, even around the milky way that we the ordinary people do not understand or even know about. As a race of thinkers and explorers, we should take it upon ourselves to learn about our universe while we have the chance. You never know when the time with come that we decide to take to the vast blackness of space the same wat we did to the oceans and skies of our planet. So pick up a book, an article. Run a web search and learn what you can, or just expand what knowledge you already have. For you never know, you may be the next scientist or astronaut that makes a discovery.

References

Counterbalance Foundation. (1995). The Birth of Modern Cosmology. Retrieved from http://www.pbs.org/faithandreason/intro/histocosm-frame.html

All About Science. (2016). Retrieved from http://www.big-bang-theory.com/

Module 4: Milky Way Galaxy and Dark Matter. (). Retrieved from http://www.astro.washington.edu/groups/observatory/AVI/milkyway.html

Purch. (2016). Mysterious Dark Energy Confirmed By New Method. Retrieved from http://www.space.com/6230-mysterious-dark-energy-confirmed-method.html

Purge. (2016). What is Dark Energy?. Retrieved from http://www.space.com/20929-dark-energy.html

Theory of Everything. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.crystalinks.com/theory_of_everything.html