...the time around Ancient Rome to now in The United States? Ancient Rome’s city population was about 1 million people. They were also overcrowded, noisy and even walking was dangerous. Cities today in The U.S. aren’t as unsafe as then because we have people to keep us safe, such as police officers, firefighters, etc. The United States cities overall are still overcrowded and noisy most of the time. There’s a diverse amount of people now in The U.S., our population didn’t used to be 319,062,017+ (a birth every 8 seconds and a death every 13 seconds). But ever since people started migrating from different countries, our community has expanded. Asian, Caucasian, African American, Hispanic/ Mexican and Multiracial...
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...Modern Rome Modern Rome Rome is a great city were many people stay the top religion is Christianity - Judaism - Islam. Rome is a great city were many people stay the top religion is Christianity - Judaism - Islam. Caption describing picture or graphic. Caption describing picture or graphic. Great holidays Great holidays Kalends – March 1 Originally this was the day to re-kindle the perpetual fire representing the life of Rome at the Temple of the Vestals. Fresh laurels were hung on public buildings. At the same time it was festival to Mars with dances of the priestly college (Salii) continuing for nineteen days. The dancers held sacred shields during the ceremony and dined out at a different house each night. These multiple festivals to Mars make sense not just because the month, Martius, was named for him, but also because this was the time of year when the soldiers were called up for the year's campaigns. Goverment Goverment (GOVERNMENT) Rome is governed by a city council with eighty members included. Every member has a 4-year term, and only one member is elected mayor. Eighteen of those members are elected to the City Executive Comitee. 15 apartments direct the city's affairs and needs: Health, markets, public works, and transportation. Since Rome is the national capital, it holds the seat for the Italian government (national govt.). It runs the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of Italy itself. (GOVERNMENT)...
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...flooding among low lying areas of the city was substantial . The issue of water was also prevalent. The city suffered from a lack of fresh water flow that not only led to an extreme shortage of drinkable water, but also to a stagnation of the city’s waste . Rome was in desperate need of a system that both provided water free from pollution for consumption and also supplied a constant flow to the various public baths, toilets, fountains, and private households. The Great Greek historian Dionysius of Halicarnassus stated in his collection “Roman Antiquities” that “The extraordinary greatness of the Roman Empire manifests itself above all in three things: the aqueducts, the paved roads, and the construction of the drains .” Dionysius’ statement certainly rang true. The commissioning of the roman aqueducts as well as the construction and expansion of the Cloaca Maxima were vital to the improved sanitation in Rome. To understand how important these two architectural feats were to the Roman people, it is necessary to first understand the state of Roman sanitation before major expansions to the aqueducts and sewage system. Most Romans relied heavily on limited local sources like springs and privately owned wells supplemented by groundwater . Some even depended solely on the collection of rain water drainage from rooftops that they collected into jars and cisterns . These methods were not only inefficient, but also dangerous. The groundwater within Rome was notorious for being unsafe, and...
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...roads lead to Rome," and in fact, they once did. The road system of the Ancient Romans was one of the greatest engineering accomplishments of its time, with over 50,000 miles of paved road radiating from their center at the miliarius aurem in the Forum in the city of Rome. Although the Roman road system was originally built to facilitate the movement of troops throughout the empire, it was inevitably used for other purposes by civilians then and now. ROMAN ENGINEERING Of course, the roads were used for trade, as were the waterways surrounding and connecting parts of the Roman Empire to itself and the rest of the known world. The Romans had exceptional nautical technology for their time; however their network of roads, even with the perils of land travel, was unparalleled in convenience and was often the only choice for travel or shipping goods. The Romans were the first ancient civilization to build paved roads, which did not prevent travel during or after inclement weather. Indeed, mud or gravel would hinder, if not completely halt many vehicles pulled by animals or other people, not to mention discourage travelers on foot. Roman engineers, however, did not stop with just paving Roman roads. Roads were crowned—that is, they were higher in the middle than on the sides to allow water to run off—and they often had gutters for drainage along the shoulders. Probably the mostincredible engineering feat concerning the Roman road system, though, is how well the roads were built. Many...
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...From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia "Roman architecture" redirects here. For the architecture of the city, see Architecture of Rome. The Colosseum in Rome, Italy Ancient Roman architecture adopted certain aspects of Ancient Greek architecture, creating a new architectural style. The Romans were indebted to their Etruscan neighbors and forefathers who supplied them with a wealth of knowledge essential for future architectural solutions, such as hydraulics in the construction of arches. Later they absorbed Greek and Phoenician influence, apparent in many aspects closely related to architecture; for example, this can be seen in the introduction and use of the Triclinium in Roman villas as a place and manner of dining. Roman architecture flourished throughout the Empire during the Pax Romana. Roman Architecture covers the period from the establishment of the Roman Republic in 509BC, to about the 4th century, after which it becomes reclassified as Late Antique or Byzantine architecture. Most of the many survivals are from the later imperial period. Roman architectural style continued to influence building in the former empire for many centuries, and the style beginning in Western Europe about 1000 is called Romanesque architecture to reflect this dependence on basic Roman forms. Contents [hide] 1 Context 2 The arch and the dome 2.1 Housing 3 Common building types 4 Materials 5 Modern influence 6 List of buildings, features and types of buildings 7 Further reading ...
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...cultures can be described much differently than the current democratic definition of contemporary nations. The Roman Empire differed from the Athenian Amphictyony and the Assyrian Empire as well as the sunder later emperors such as Vespasian. There were also structural problems within the government of the Roman Empire. This paper will explore the models of government and citizenship that Ancient Roman and Greek peoples employed along with how well they worked. Citizenship in ancient Rome was a privileged legal status granted only to un-slaved individuals with respect to laws, property, and governance (Jahnige, 2002). In the Roman Republic as well as later in the Empire, citizenship could be divided into several categories; a male Roman citizen, Roman women, Client state, Freedmen, and slaves; each having their own freedoms that came with their citizenship. Latin Rights were given by the Romans which was an intermediate between full Roman citizenship and non-citizenship's (2002). In other words, the Latin right was the ticket to obtaining full-fledged Roman citizenship. In the days of the Republic, those holding the Latin right had most of the liberties of citizens except the right to vote. Furthermore, only citizens could run for office in Rome and serve in the Roman army. For the mass of the population, though, the formal meaning of citizenship symbolized being part of the empire. This was instrumental in foreign policy, allowing rulers to incorporate new territories into the empire...
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...cultures can be described much differently than the current democratic definition of contemporary nations. The Roman Empire differed from the Athenian Amphictyony and the Assyrian Empire as well as the sunder later emperors such as Vespasian. There were also structural problems within the government of the Roman Empire. This paper will explore the models of government and citizenship that Ancient Roman and Greek peoples employed along with how well they worked. Citizenship in ancient Rome was a privileged legal status granted only to un-slaved individuals with respect to laws, property, and governance (Jahnige, 2002). In the Roman Republic as well as later in the Empire, citizenship could be divided into several categories; a male Roman citizen, Roman women, Client state, Freedmen, and slaves; each having their own freedoms that came with their citizenship. Latin Rights were given by the Romans which was an intermediate between full Roman citizenship and non-citizenship's (2002). In other words, the Latin right was the ticket to obtaining full-fledged Roman citizenship. In the days of the Republic, those holding the Latin right had most of the liberties of citizens except the right to vote. Furthermore, only citizens could run for office in Rome and serve in the Roman army. For the mass of the population, though, the formal meaning of citizenship symbolized being part of the empire. This was instrumental in foreign policy, allowing rulers to incorporate new territories into the empire...
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...character; it was very dangerous and powerful and was control by the mindset of its creators. As the Iron Clad started to move forward it took over the Mediterranean region as well as Western Europe, the architects struggle to achieve two very important aims: to let other states know how powerful they were while also improving the life of their fellow citizens. Their architectural techniques where very skillful, which included the arch, the dome, and also the vault, and not forget they also invented concrete, by using skillful techniques and methods, engineers designed and built some of the most beautiful public buildings in our history of architecture. These building also included temples, amphitheaters, basilicas, triumphal arches, monuments, and last but not least the citizen’s bath houses. To further discuss the ideals of the Pax Romana and while all the building and planning is going on. They still provided law and order. They also designed and built aqueducts, drainage systems, and bridges, as well as vast amount of roads, while planners developed a series of urban blueprints base on the where their army camps was located. With that information it helps create new towns from scratch. Romans also had help from Etruscan art and design; they look upon the Greeks as their equal and huge respect for their Greek sculptures and architecture. They also learned from the Egyptians pyramids architecture and their beautiful stone work. As soon as Rome takes over importance culturally...
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...Chariot racing plays an important role in sports history. It was one of the most popular and influential sports in ancient history. The sport has many claimed origins and thrived during the Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Empires. The sport that started out so simple evolved as it moved from one era to the next, gaining more importance at every advancement. It was an extremely dangerous sport, as drivers frequently suffered gruesome injuries and unfortunate deaths. Chariot racing teams, or factions, had a very strong fan base. These factions drew tons of spectator support, which would lead to many conflicts between differing factions. These conflicts were politicized, affecting both society and their respective empire. Roman and Byzantine emperors eventually took control of these factions and had their officials running them, placing even more importance on the sport. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, chariot racing only survived in the east, the Byzantine Empire. These Roman factions transitioned with the sport, which played an important role in the history of Byzantium. These factions had an even stronger social and political influence, and in the end, played a role in the demise of its own sport, along with the eventual demise of an empire. The origin of Chariot Racing is an unknown commodity. The first known reference to the sport was by Homer at a funeral for Patroclus where he claimed they raced only one lap around a tree. According to a legend, chariot racing founded...
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...Architecture in Rome Ancient Roman architecture took certain architectural aspects from different areas to create a unique and highly admired form of architecture. However, they were not able to do this overnight. In fact, for the first few centuries after it was founded, the people of Rome resided in very basic huts with no outstanding architectural merit. According to oxford dictionary a hut is “a dwelling of ruder and meaner construction and (usually) smaller than a house.” It was under the rule of the Etruscans that they developed more complex structures that served specific purposes, such as a temple dedicated to a god. The Etruscans themselves borrowed many aspects of their architectural designs from Ancient Greece and expanded upon it. One may notice that the time that Rome began its first step into architectural greatness was around 509 BC, when it became Republican Rome. “With the expulsion of the Etruscan kings Rome was free to shape her own destinies” (Sear 14). Since Rome was finally free from the constraints of its conquerors it now had the liberty to create whatever they wished in whatever manner they preferred. Though evidence of Greek influence could still be found, Rome began to develop a style of their own; however, once Rome conquered nations across the Mediterranean Sea it incorporated many of the building designs which were reflected in the buildings of their capital. Imperial Rome is seen as both the lowest and highest point in Rome’s history. During...
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...He uses maps, interviews, ancient writings, records, documents, and evidence provided by archeological digs to back up his statements. 4. What were some of the uses of beer by ancient cultures? Nourishment? Ritual? Religious? The ancient Egyptians made about 17 forms of beer, all ranging in sweetness, effect, and over all taste. It was utilized as a medicine, given as a gift to the gods (a religious offering), used for pleasure, nutrition, showed hospitality among individuals and was consumed at social gatherings. For example, the Incas called their beer “chicha” and presented it to the gods as a religious offering for the sun. Served in a golden cup, the Incas poured it onto the ground or spat out a small quantity. Each civilization adapted their use for beer to fit their own needs and culture. 5. How did beer "civilize" man, according to Standage? Beer allowed for civilizations...
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...Reader, J. (2004). War, Greece and Rome. In, Cities. (pp.51-67 & 310-311 ; Figures : 22-41). London : William Heinemenann. 5 WaJ; Greece and Rome An adequate and reliable food supply is the first priority of every -city - a priority handled so efficiently· in the modern world that we take it for granted. Ancient cities, contending with the vagaries of climate and problems of transport, were not so fortunate. Securing the food supply pushed cities into war and conquest, but also inspired significant advances in farming, transport and government. Sumer can claim a number of important firsts in world history - the first cities, the first irrigated agriculture, the first civilisations, the first written language - and the influence of these is with us still (not least in that every passing minute, every hour acknowledges the Sumerians' sexagesimal system of numeration), but there is one first that humanity might have preferred to do without: warfare. Warfare itself did not provoke the establishment of cities generally (see pp. II-I2) , and there is certainly nothing to suggest that warfare inspired the foundation of Sumer's earliest cities, but there is plenty of evidence indicating that, once established, cities and the fruits of civilisation became important factors in the development of military power. The story of Sumer persuasively suggests that the advent of organised warfare probably began as the growing populations and falling agricultural production described at...
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...and so on. The magistracies remained, but were purely decorative, to give the appearance of continuity with the old Republic, and to give as rewards to the Emperor's favourites. The senate remained, and its advice was given (provided that it was likely to meet with the Emperor's approval - any other advice was generally too dangerous), but not required or heeded. Excellent topic! I am eager to answer, as I studied the Roman Republic. So here is my view of it. The Roman Republic was what made Rome great. The Roman Empire was what brought about its decline and fall. When Rome became a Republic in 509BC, Rome's territory consisted of little more than the city itself. Rome was barely more than a collection of villages. By the time the Republic was effectively abolished by Octavian at the end of the 1st century BC, Rome had become a huge empire, as this map shows. Click the image to open in full size. The Republic was a system that, in its heyday from c.500BC to c.100BC, was based on the rule of law, and a cleverly balanced constitution that was not a written document, but consisted of an accord between the 3 elements, democracy, monarchy, and oligarchy. As the historian Polybius wrote, it is this balance which gave ancient Rome its greatest...
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...History Ancient Rome There was no public fire-fighting in the Roman Republic. Instead, private individuals would rely upon their slaves or supporters to take action. This action could involve razing nearby buildings to prevent the spread of fire as well as bucket brigades. The very wealthy Marcus Licinius Crassus was infamous for literal fire sales. He would buy burning buildings, and those adjacent to them at low prices, and rebuild them using his team of 500 slaves. However there is no mention of the men extinguishing the fires. There was not an organized fire-fighting force in ancient Rome until Augustus's era. United Kingdom Prior to the Great Fire of London in 1666, some parishes in the UK had begun to organise rudimentary firefighting. After much of London was destroyed, the first fire insurance was introduced by a man named Nicholas Barbon. To reduce the cost, Barbon formed his own Fire Brigade, and eventually there were many other such companies. By the start of the 1800s, those with insurance were given a badge or mark to attach to their properties, indicating that they were eligible to utilize the services of the fire brigade. Other buildings with no coverage or insurance with a different company were left to burn unless they were adjacent to an insured building in which case it was often in the insurance company's interest to prevent the fire spreading. In 1833, companies in London merged to form The London Fire Company Establishment. Steam powered apparatuses...
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...decreased because many barbaric tribes settled along the borders of the Empire and began sacking cities and attacking villages. By the end of the fourth and the beginning of the fifth century, the Roman military began to decay into tons of problems. Many factors contributed to the military decline of the Roman Empire, including a lack of discipline, financial problems, and poor military tactics and decisions by the empire. In result of these factors, barbarians were able to attack the walls of the empire with more ease because of the lack of defense. These barbarian attacks helped prone the efficiency of the army's defenses and tactics which impart the major downfall of the empire. A change in military tactics during the third and fourth century CE was central in the decline of the Roman Army. This left commanders and soldiers confused, this resulted as well in casualties and loses in war. Because of a controversial change in tactics and weapons, the Romans were virtually useless against these barbaric tribes. Thus, a change in these tactics may lie seen as a major scene of the decline of the Roman Empire. During the Pax Romana, bustling trade flowed over routes patrolled by Roman legions and ships. Rome’s treasuries were enriched by gold and silver taken from conquered territories. Most important of all, the empire’s farms grew enough grain to feed the population of the cities....
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