...editing to be done to it before it could effective. The Articles of Confederation and the Constitution had a lot of simularities. One would be that they were both laws of the United States. The differences were what each document presented and all the flaws that needed to be fixed or removed from the document. The Constitution had to address the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, the complaints that were in the Declaration of Independence, then it had to make a decision on the Great Compromise.The Articles of Confederation was ratified in 1781 and in 1789 it was replaced be the Constitution of the United States. One of the main reasons it was replaced because of such strong need for a federal government. At the 1787 convention delegates pushed for a federal government with three branches which included executive, legislative, and judicial. Along with the branches they wanted to make sure to have system checks so no branch gained more power then the others.The Articles of Confederation were considered to be weak. Some of the reasons included that it allowed only one vote per state, didnt give Congress any power. Congress didnt have the power to tax nor did they have the power to control foriegn and federal trade. In the world today, I could not imagine not have a Military to protect our country. As a military wife I couldnt imagine how my life would be without the military. Under the Articles of Confederation there was no military to protect our nation. The Constition...
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...Articles of Confederation and the U.S. Constitution The Birth of a Nation Joseph J. Zarzycki United States History – 405 Aimee James June 1, 2014 At the end of the revolutionary war the free states of the Union desired some sort of control that would create a unified country. The first such control came from what was called the Articles of Confederation, essentially our first constitution. This document addressed many issues. How should power be divided between local and national governments? How should laws be made, and by whom? Who should be authorized to govern those laws? How could the government be designed to protect the individual rights of the citizens? The Articles of Confederation, as it turned out, were lacking in several key areas and would be considered a failure. After the shortcomings of the articles began to become apparent, the state delegates tried to revise them; but instead, constructed the Constitution. When creating the Articles of Confederation, thirteen states formed a Confederation referred to as the “League of Friendship” in order to find a solution for common problems and concerns. The Articles of Confederation created a loose Confederation of independent states that gave limited powers to the central government. Each state, regardless of population, would have one vote in the house of Congress. Members of the one-house Congress agreed that the new government should be a unicameral legislature, without an executive branch or...
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...Revolutionary War. The first attempt at providing the new fledging nation with such a government was established around The Articles of Confederation. The Articles of Confederation were developed and written in Philadelphia at the second meeting of the Continental Congress in 1777. The Articles were ratified and became effective in 1781. However, their existence was short lived as major flaws, limitations and discrepancies were mounting. These gave way to the Articles being scrapped altogether and a new governing document being written called the U.S. Constitution. Many have called the Articles of Confederation America's first failure at government. Unification The articles of the confederation was a weak attempt at best, by a new country to try an unite itself and form a government of its own after overthrowing the British tyranny of the previous decade. Under the Articles of Confederation each state had the right to make its own rules and laws, separate from the central government. There was no taxing powers given to Congress, Congress had no power over interstate or foreign commerce. Each state had one vote in Congress, regardless of the states size or population. That in itself was a problem for the larger states who had bigger populations, who were expected to contribute more but still only had one vote. Any amendments to the Articles must have a unanimous approval for amendment. Congress had only specific powers that it could not enforce because each state...
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...------------------------------------------------- BMAN31090 Comparative Industrial Relations To what extent does the current EU framework provide the basis for the reconciliation of social and economic rights in the areas of EU freedoms, posting of workers and industrial action? Discuss with reference to the situation in at least three of the core countries. Introduction: Since the formation of the European Union in the 1950s, there has been a constant tension between the market aim of the union and social policy. The enlargement of the EU in 2004 and 2007 deepened even further these misalignments and in some respects it can be argued that a tension between new and old Member States started to emerge. Arnholtz and Mailand (2013) argues that the social dimension of the EU is as old as itself. Nonetheless it was not until the early 1980s that the European Union started to gradually develop a genuine social dimension to complement economic integration. This social dimension includes directives that are considered to be 'hard-law' as well as 'soft-law' which deal with aspects such as 'Open Methods of coordination' and the voluntary agreements of social partners. The aim of this paper is to discuss the implications of economic and social policies in the European labour market. In order to get the argument across, the emphasis will be put on four major legal cases that were interpreted by the European Court of Justice and the implications of the rulings on several member...
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...Use your knowledge of the era of 1785-1788 and the documents provided to answer the following question: What were the major arguments that surfaced in opposition to the new Constitution proposed in 1787? How did supporters of the Constitution counter those arguments? Previous attempts to change the Articles of Confederation had failed because the approval of every state was required. There was often one or more recalcitrant member of the union. For example, Rhode Island even refused to take part in the framing; opposition to a new constitution was certainly formidable. Consequently, the Convention discarded the provision of unanimous approval and adopted the notion that the new Constitution would pass with only the approval of nine states. The draft of the new constitution called for an ultimate executive leader. This was extremely controversial, as the nation had been founded to escape the practice of having a single leader. However, it was generally admitted that the Articles of Confederation were a failure because the people had too much voice. The national government could not impose or collect taxes, and they could not forcibly uphold the law to any state. The problem that needed to be overcome was whether the separate states would cast aside their provinciality and become a single body under the federal structure. Those supporting the ratification of the constitution called themselves Federalists, and those against it became known as Antifederalists. Federalists...
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...as well as engagement * People who are engaged are more informed, more likely to communicate with their representatives, more likely to advocate for their interests, and hold public officials accountable for their actions. Political culture * The people’s collective beliefs and attitudes about government and political processes * What is it that binds us together as Americans? * Our political ideologies * Our political values – liberty, capitalism, equality, consent of the governed, individualism Ideology * Political ideology is an integrated system of ideas or beliefs about political values in general and the role of the government in particular * Ideology provides a framework for thinking about politics and policy preferences Ideologies * Modern liberalism is associated with ideas of liberty and political equality: * Tend to favor chance in social, political and economic realms to better protect individuals and produce equality What is the constitution? * Fundamental principles of a government and the basic structures and procedures Two US Constitutions * Articles of confederation ( 1781-1789) * Constitution of the united states (1789-present) Events leading up to the US constitution * By the 18th century, two-tier system of governance had evolved – local colonial assemblies vs Parliament in Britain * Britain’s involvement in the seven years’ war cost money that they tried to recoup from the colonies ...
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...the colonies * Americans enjoyed home rule * The British had ceded to Americans responsibility for managing their own domestic affairs, including taxation * For more than a century colonists elected their own leaders and held them accountable for local policies and taxes * Legacy of self-government * Role of popularity elected legislature * Control of purse strings * Dominance of other institutions * Abundance of experienced polinticians * Knowledge of constitutional writing * Home rule * Experience with local affairs but not collective action between colonies * Strains during the French and Indian War * Albany Congress Limitations to Colonial Home Rule * Their Limited home rule did have some disadvantages: * Limited training for self-governance * Did not regulate their own commerce * Depended on Britain for military security * Incentive to free ride; Limited experience in collective action Franklin’s “Plan of the Union” * This plan called for an American army to provide for the colonies’ defense, a popularity elected national legislature with the power to levy taxes, and an executive appointed by the King. * Colonies could muster little support. They were unwilling to shoulder the burden of providing for colonial security. * To them, free riding made sense as long as they could get away with it. Dismantling Home...
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...landed proprietors and commercial classes against royal prerogative, and which corresponded to the economic conditions prevailing in America at the close of the eighteenth century. They associated strong government with monarchy, and came to believe that the best political system was one which governed least. A majority of the radicals viewed all government, especially if highly centralized, as a species of evil, tolerable only because necessary and always to be kept down to an irreducible minimum by a jealous vigilance. Jefferson put the doctrine in concrete form when he declared that he preferred newspapers without government to government without newspapers. The Declaration of Independence, the first state Constitutions, and the Articles of Confederation...
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...executive, legislative, and judicial branches. Checks and balances is a framework that gives each of the three branches some ability to oversee and control what the other branches do. 2. What were the principle weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and what prompted the desire for change? The principle weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation were Congress not having specific power to tax, Congress not being allowed to regulate commerce among the states or with foreign nations, no provision for an executive branch or judicial system to handle the ongoing conflicts among the states, and its failure to provide for a strong, central government. Alexander Hamilton and George Washington saw the nation in such disrepair and were interested in land expansion and trade that they saw how much the country...
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...The colonies use the Articles of Confederation as a means to execute the limitations and range of the thirteen states. The contrast between British political agencies and American Congress are the three parts that function interdependently. Furthermore, the fair elections of Congress representatives also demonstrate “a peaceful method for altering the political system.1” The interdependence of the American government is what will, eventually, make it so unique. The fact that the states were able to rebuild a central government and legislation amidst a war, reveals the wisdom of such innovative leaders. From here on, the United States of America will continue to prosper, evolve, and fight for equality in every area never thought possible....
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...whether you think the nature of presidential power makes the Presidency too weak, or too strong. In 1776 America declared independence from British Empire and became forming a national government. In 1777 Congress adopted The Article of Confederation. This attempt to structure an American government failed; The Article of Confederation was unsuccessfully because it restricted the national government; most power was concentrated on the states’ level. The states kept their autonomy. The national government was lack of authority, it was hard to collect taxes from each state; foreign trade was suffering because foreign counties which wanted to conduct business with the United States had to negotiate separate agreements with Congress and a state. In addition to all of these problems the Article of Confederation did not even include a president or any other executive leader because people were in their zeal to reject monarch; everybody was tried of British tyranny and they were worried if they used this model of government it would lead to the same results as they had during British colony’s time. However, in 1787 Constitutional Convention began in Philadelphia (Bianco & Canon, 2013, p.33). The framers of the Constitution understood that confederation did not work. So framers based the new American government on an entirely new theory: federalism, which divides power across the local, state and national governments, and each of these levels of government has some degree of...
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...Constitution HIS/301 Instructor James Newman Alan L. Olsen February 11th 2012 University of Phoenix Introduction According to Article V of the United States Constitution, when two thirds vote of Congress or State Legislature’s an amendment can be passed. Amendments are ratified by providing 3/4 of the votes in the Federal or State Legislature’s. When the Constitution was designed by the Framers, they realized that it was not necessarily an absolute law. They knew that future generations wanted to make changes and they wanted to make sure that the process was relatively smooth. That is why they added an amendment process. Amendments become part of the Constitution to enable the government to make adaptations to constitutional law. “Troubles with the existing Confederation of States finally convinced the Continental Congress, in February 1787, to call for a convention of delegates to meet in May in Philadelphia to devise such further provisions as shall appear to them necessary to render the constitution of the Federal Government adequate to the exigencies of the Union.” (Linder) The Philadelphia Convention was necessary to make modifications to the Articles of Confederation. The newly constituted federal government was made up of a strong executive, legislative, and judiciary branch. Bill of Rights The concept to create a Bill of Rights to ratify the Constitution was considered unnecessary...
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...Follow-up Questions for Congressional Hearing • What was the original purpose for calling a meeting in Philadelphia in 1787? Why was the purpose changed? By whose authority was it changed? • In what ways were the delegates representative of the American people? IN what ways were they not representative? • Should the topics being debated at the Philadelphia Convention have been reported to the public? Why or why not? • Explain the difference between equal representation and proportional representation. Which plan did the states with large populations support? Why? • What position would you take on the issue of equal and proportional representation if it were raised today? Why? • What important differences of opinion existed...
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...In February 1787, Congress supported a resolution for revising the Articles of Confederation; in May, representatives from twelve states convened in Philadelphia. The original Constitution, ratified by the states, contained very few individual rights guarantees, as the framers were primarily focused on establishing the machinery for an effective federal government. As adopted, the Constitution included only a few specific rights guarantees: protection against states impairing the obligation of contracts, provisions that prohibit both the federal and state governments from enforcing ex post facto laws (laws that allow punishment for an action that was not criminal at the time it was undertaken) and provisions barring bills of attainder. The framers, and notably James Madison, its architect, believed that the Constitution protected liberty primarily through its division of powers that made it difficult for an oppressive majorities to form and capture power to be used against minorities. In the ratification debate, Anti-Federalists opposed to the Constitution, complained that the new system threatened liberties, and suggested that if the delegates had truly cared about protecting individual rights, they would have included provisions that accomplished that. With ratification in serious doubt, Federalists announced a willingness to take up the matter of a series of amendments, to be called the Bill of Rights, soon after ratification and the First Congress came into session...
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...out to represent the actions of the British government. These grievances are examples of actions that violated the criteria for good government stated in the second part of the Declaration of Independence. These grievances, therefore, justify separation from the King's bad government and establishment of a good government to replace it. The fourth and final part of the document is an unqualified assertion of sovereignty by the United States of America. It proclaims the determination of Americans to defend and maintain their independence and rights. The Six Basic Principles of the U.S. Constitution are: 1. Popular Sovereignty- The People are the legitimate and final source of Government Authority 2. Limited Government- Government may only do what the people have directed it to do 3.Separation of Powers- The division of government power among three equal branches: Legislative-...
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