...that “the problem is not a failure to comply with rules but a failure in governance practice”. Do you agree and why? (10 Marks) Introduce to Corporate Governance Corporate governance looks at issues pertaining to transparency, integrity, effectiveness and accountability in the management of the affairs, and all other activities of an organization. Management is concerned with the company’s operations, functions and financial performance; hence, corporate governance aims to involve the quality assurance of the operation of the board itself. The concern is for the welfare, good performance, corporate ethics and morality, as well as social and public responsibility for the good corporate citizenship. Corporate governance also involves in system to ensure that the organization’s obligations to its major stakeholders. The relationship among the many stakeholders and the way of corporation is directed and governed is therefore created. Stakeholders might include customers, employees, creditors, suppliers and distributors, the community and the owners at large. The principle stakeholders are the board of...
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...DYNACORP CASE STUDY UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSSETTS BOSTON Introduction Dyna corporation, also famously recognized as Dynacorp, is a global information systems and communication company. Historically considered an industry leader, Dynacorp had a faithful clientele comprising tech-savvy consumers. However, since the 90s’ it found itself slowing down due to inefficiencies generated due to time lags caused by manufacturing and engineering departments. To address this issue, the company CEO shifted the organization structure from ‘functional’ to a ‘front/back’ organization design. This transformation however was not smooth and caused a ripple effect of problems. To iron out the problems, it was quintessential that Dynacorp identify the problem at the core. This paper is an investigative attempt to deduce what the root cause of the problems was. I shall use the theory of ‘Political lens’ in my analysis of the organization. Hypothesis: My hypothesis is that there is a conflict of collective interests happening at critical levels. I shall begin this paper by first defining the problem, defining political lens and then use it to elaborate upon power constructs and lastly use them to make recommendations. The systemic factor in this case is ‘Blockers’. Blockers are defined as “ those whose opposition could delay or derail what you are trying to do”(Ancona, Kochan, Scully, Van Maanen and Westney, M2-42,2005). In this case, Dynacorp is trying to incorporate a new structure, ‘front/back’...
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...Do you agree that power, unlike authority, should apply only to relationships where there is a conflict of interests?It could be said, that politics is the studyof the locus of power - where power lies, or should lie. This encompasses all the main questions of political theory: Liberty, in to what extent the state should have power over the individual; justice, in looking at in what circumstances power has been used illegitimately; democracy, inthe mechanisms of how state power should be rightly yielded. Even topics such as the communitarian/liberal debate can be seen to boil down to a question of power, in this case, similar to the study of liberty, the balance between individual andcommunity power is at the core of this question.The question above raises a specific point about the actual definition of power, to what extent is the concept of power inherently linked to a 'conflict of interests'. This question requires a close examination of power itself, and the first step in doing this is to look at Steven Lukes' distinction between one-, two-, and three-dimensionalviews of power.In his seminal work, Power: A Radical View, Lukes goes about deriving a definition of power in three stages. The first is the 'one-dimensional' definition of power. This is based on attempts by political scientists such as Dahl to define power in such a way so that it is possible toobserve how power operates in empirical examples. The core of this view of power isthe statement 'A has power over B to...
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...German philosophers, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engles; such ideologies include the system of institutions such as family, churches, the education system, and mass media. The ideologies of the ruling class thus render the working class (proletariat) into conformity by persuading them that the interests of the capitalists (bourgeoisie) are also in the interest of the working class. These ideologies defend and uphold the social position of the ruling classes. Jeffery Reimen stated that, the rich get richer and the poor get prison, thus, as the laws reflect the ideologies of the ruling class, there cannot be equality before the law, as the law protects those who define it. This essay will demonstrate the issue of the justice system within capitalist societies and the effects of the law and policy formations that reflect the wishes and ideologies of the ruling class, while exploiting the poor. The broad theory of critical criminology also known as radical criminology, explores various theoretical perspectives, specifically Marxist criminology and labeling theory. In light of these perspectives, this essay will provide insight on the disproportionate and bias treatment of the criminal justice system. White-collar crime (corporate crimes) and blue-collar crime (street crimes) will be used as illustrations of the disproportion of class systems within capitalist societies in terms of the criminal justice system, which further address how legislations and policies reflect the wishes ideologies...
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...SINN book – Chapter 7, Review Questions 2 to 22 even p. 292 • From the GREMB book -- Chapter 10, Review Questions 2 to 20 even pp. 275-277 3. Part II: visit the following three sites: • http://www.ieee.org • http://www.PMI.org • http://www.webappsec.org For Each of the three sides find three societies or special interest groups that deal with security, application security, or Web application security. Write a synopsis of what the organization does, and how the society or special interest group can help you become more successful Web developer when it comes to implementing security into your software design. This question must be answered with at least 60 words each part with proper citations, proper references, and formatting. Combine the answers into the same above file. From the SINN book – Chapter 7, Review Questions 2 to 22 even p. 292 2. _____________ is concerned with what an identity is allowed to do. Authorization 4. What is the main purpose of the "Negotiate" authentication protocol? Negotiate is one of the six authentication protocols that are widely used today. Negotiate is the protocol that picks one of the available authentication methods for a system. Negotiate implements RFC-2478: The Simple and Protected GSS-API Negotiation Mechanism. 6. What are the three different types...
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...Course: MGMT591 Professor: Robert Paschke Part 1: Group Development The Woodson Foundation and the Washington DC public school system are teaming up to create an experimental after school program to tackle certain ongoing issue with the school system. The ongoing issues include rapid staff turnover and truancy, low performance and crime amongst students. The plan, after months of negotiation is to create an agency that will integrate both the Woodson Foundation and the DC Schools organization and be financially self-sufficient. To make this possible, the first step is to create an executive development team that will establish the operating plan for improving school performance. From what we have read in the case study and the text book material, this group can be considered to be in two stages simultaneously. This is a group that is still in the “forming” stage – there is a great deal of uncertainty, members have not yet been identified and none of the group properties (roles, norms, status, size, cohesiveness and diversity) have been clearly defined (with one exception, that of the group size). While the group is still in the forming stage there is also conflict brewing. Each of the group members have their interests at heart. The school district representatives want to ensure that the new jobs are unionized and that current policies and procedures are applicable. Woodson Foundation is focused on performance measurement using hard data, which is not consistent with the existing...
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...1. What are conflict diamonds? What groups benefited from the trade in conflict diamonds? What groups were hurt by it? As defined in the case study, conflict diamonds are gemstones that are mined or stolen by rebels fighting internationally recognized governments. Any of the anti-government/rebel forces/guerrilla troops/or other nonconformist groups within the areas of question or which could fall into this category or situation. The case study points out two groups who benefited the most under this circumstance; the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) (specific to the Sierra Leone region in West Africa) and the UNITA rebels (specific to the Angola region). These rebels inflicted physical pain on the villages which they took over in order to harvest and sell the diamonds. In their efforts to strong-arm villages, they terrorized men, women, and children by amputating their bodies. The mutilation count in the Sierra Leone region was estimated to be somewhere in the 20,000 count. Not only was immediate physical pain inflicted by these rebel organizations, but the money from diamond sales in these regions went to funding their anti-government and civil wars. This produced a continuous circle of effects. 2. What three sectors were concerned with the problem of conflict diamonds? What was the interest of each, and in what way did their interests converge? The (1-Business Sector) diamond industry, (2-Government Sector) the United Nations, several governments (no doubt those producing...
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...Pluralist perspective of employment relations Question: Carefully define the pluralist perspective of employment relations and show how it differs from other frames of reference. What are the limits of the pluralist acceptance of different stakeholder interests at work. When, within the pluralist perspective is conflict acceptable? The topic of industrial relations generally deals with the relationships encountered by the workforce in their working lives and can equally be contributed to and studied by economists, lawyers, sociologists, and psychologists, to name but a few. The capacity of the topic spans from the individual in relation to the organisation through to the shop floor, all the way to national and international bodies. Approaches used to define the subject matter of Industrial relations are: Industrial-based definitions, social psychology-based definitions, class-based definitions, human resource management definitions and employment relations. Industrial relations are an ever growing topic and will be continually studied by scholars to further gain in-depth knowledge to natural behaviours of the modern workplace, as advantages of a harmonious working environment is considered the holy grail of globalisation. Although there is a vast array of conceptual approaches to industrial relations, in this essay I will analyse the differences with the frames of reference most commonly known as unitarism, pluralism, and marxism. Before which I will carefully discuss in depth...
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...do not appear in an atmosphere of the industrial calm. In the end “good” industrial relations depends on which theory you find more persuasive: unitarism, radicalism, or pluralism. Unitarism is perceived as an integrated and harmonious system where the management, staff and all the members of the organization share the same objectives, interests, purposes and are viewed as one happy family. This single entity with a single authority has a loyalty structure which is considered paternalistic approaches were trade unions are deemed unnecessary and conflict is perceived as disruptive. Here management rights to manage are seen as legitimate and rational; and any opposition to management right to manage is seen as irrational. How long would the step ford wives syndrome last before it begins to crumble and fall apart? On the other hand radicalism objects to the capitalistic source of power where the ownership and control extends beyond the corporate limits and into the labour market itself. This allows for certain fundamental rights as in the right to associate where the workers possibly can form trade unions and assert a degree of power through the process of collective bargaining; having compared to the unionism capitalistic system that has no intention to take over management. They learned to bargain within an institutional...
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...divided the United States government into three branches of power in order to maintain a system of checks and balances. They did not want a government where one person or one body of government had all the power. The founding fathers of these United States wanted to step away from the totalitarian system of governance imposed on colonial America by the British (Trethan). Three Branches of Government With this thought in mind the founding Fathers of the United States came up with what Americans know now as the Federalist governing system. This Federalist government consists of the executive, the legislative, and the judicial. Each of these branches has its own distinct and essential duties to perform in the function of the United States government (Trethan). Executive Branch The executive branches of the United States government consist of the president, vice-president, and 15 cabinet level departments. These 15 cabinet level departments include the State, Defense, Interior, Transportation, and Education. The chief point of power is in the hands of the president. The president chooses his vice president, cabinet members, and appoints the Supreme Court Justices. The primary function of the executive branch is to ensure the laws are carried out, the constitution is followed, and that the day to day operations like collecting taxes, homeland security, and representing the United States political and economic interest around the world (Trethan). Legislative...
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...Jalen Taylor Take Home Exam Fall 2011 Marvin Broome 1) Black culture has an interest and unique background that is very questionable. Curiosity about black culture arose during the Harlem Renaissance in the 20s but the Black community became more concerned during the 1960s. The concerns of the black community were the possession, meaning, reappropriation and reconstruction of their culture. It was during this time that many blacks shifted from the ideal of integration towards the resurgence of Black Nationalism. This movement sparked an interest in the Black culture, as well as the role in life and struggle. From here, a strong commitment to revitalize, reconstruct and actually construct Black culture came about. This newfound inspiration to rediscover the black culture led to the unveiling of a few paradigms that were centered on the theme of bits and pieces of the Black culture being lost or forgotten. The Deficiency Paradigm argues that Blacks have no real culture, that slavery destroyed it, and that what passed as Black culture was simply a pathological reaction to Whites, a duplication of them or an expression of lower-class culture rather than a specific Black culture. The Crusian Paradigm argues that although culture must be seen as central, the three factors of culture, politics and economics must be welded together into a dynamic synthesis and social strategy. Both of these paradigms argue that Whites have tried to destroy black culture by forcing their...
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...VALUES AND ETHICS INTRODUCTION Values and ethics are central to any organization; those operating in the national security arena are no exception. What exactly do we mean by values and ethics? Both are extremely broad terms, and we need to focus in on the aspects most relevant for strategic leaders and decision makers. What we will first discuss is the distinctive nature of ethics for public officials; second, the forces which influence the ethical behavior of individuals in organizations; and third, explore the actions strategic leaders can take to build ethical climates in their organizations. THE CHARACTER OF VALUES AND ETHICS Values can be defined as those things that are important to or valued by someone. That someone can be an individual or, collectively, an organization. One place where values are important is in relation to vision. One of the imperatives for organizational vision is that it must be based on and consistent with the organization's core values. In one example of a vision statement we'll look at later, the organization's core values - in this case, integrity, professionalism, caring, teamwork, and stewardship- were deemed important enough to be included with the statement of the organization's vision. Dr. John Johns, in an article entitled "The Ethical Dimensions of National Security," mentions honesty and loyalty as values that are the ingredients of integrity. When values are shared by all members of an organization, they are extraordinarily...
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...MGT 3700.01 Building a Coalition: Washington DC After School Program To the Development Team: Designing the program will be a big challenge if you do not know what can be expected giving consideration to the dynamics of team building. Your task group will come from cross functional backgrounds which should be very effective once they work with their differences. The positive side is that your team will be made up of experienced individuals. This will weigh heavily in the success this team can bring. 1. Understanding the dynamics of how teams operate you must first know why teams are formed and why they are a good way to solve problems. Team building is for the purpose of setting goals, developing interpersonal relationships between its members, establishing roles and responsibilities, and most importantly, at the end of the day team building should increase trust and openness among the members. The team will go through different stages as they begin to work together. At first, there is a high level of uncertainty and anxiety between members about how to work together and how to approach the problem. Through the process of working through conflicts the members struggle to define their individual and then collective roles. This is when it is important that each member listen openly to others’ ideas. Once they are able to sit and hear each other’s ideas you will find that there will be a greater willingness to work together. This is really a critical stage...
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...Matthew Sandoval 1 Government 2301 Spring 2012 Interest Groups and Politics The “interest industry” or Interest Groups is often pointed out as one of the unusual features of the American political system. A structurally weak state is seen as being penetrated by wealthy and vigorous lobbying groups, raising the questions of to whom. Elected politicians are in practice accountable, and how real political power is allocated. While these interest groups are sometimes effective in achieving their own aims, the bias towards business groups suggests that, far from improving policymaking, the influence of interest groups actually worsens it. The strong presence of interest groups is certainly not in doubt. The representation of interests is the third-largest source of employment in Washington D.C., providing work for around 40,000 active lobbyists (Twyman, 1). Groups are also organized in state capitals, especially in Sacramento, CA and Austin, TX. This impressive presence, in comparison to other countries, stems at least partly from the structural weakness of other parts of the American political system. The framers of the Constitution fragmented the state into competing institutions, thus providing plenty of leverage points for interest groups; those which do not get satisfaction in the one branch of government can pursue it in another (Debbie, 4). In addition the main political parties are ill-disciplined and weak; legislators who vote against the party line...
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...means end chain, the product is analyzed through product attributes, consequences of use and personal values. Special features of the product lead to the consequence of use, which finally stand for the value of the product. Besides, consumer markets are segmented according to different groups. Therefore, in this report, based on the analysis of four different categories including demographic, psychographic, use-related and benefit sought, it states consumers have different characteristics in terms of different items in each category, and then it identifies three groups of iPhone 4S consumers, including the primary targets of iPhone 4S are people who are loyalty to this brand with some knowledge of it, another two big groups are people who are interested in new high tech phones and people who are chasing social acceptance. It indicates that groups with special features share the same choices when they are making the purchase decisions. Furthermore, based on two reference groups, friends who are using the same products and other people who are interested in discovering applications in smart phones and give comments on the products, this report shows that purchasing decision from reference groups may have very important influence to target customers’ decision-making process. This report has given five recommendations, which is beneficial to maintain existed consumers and attract non-consumers awareness. There are five parts of the marketing, including print advertisement, Internet...
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