...Assignment on- “What are the interactions between Climate Change & Multinational Enterprise?” [pic] [pic] Prepared For Md. Mamoon Al Bashir Lecturer Department of Business Administration East West University Prepared By Group Members: Ziniya Tabassum Anwar (2010-2-10-031) Ahsan M Rahik (2010-2-10-099) Najnin Akhter (2010-2-10-079) Anower Kabir (2008-3-10-030) Farjana Akter Parul (2010-2-10-100) Course Code: ITB 301 Course Title: International Business Section-5 Submission Date 24/07/2013 [pic] EAST WEST UNIVERSITY Letter of Transmittal 24 July, 2013 Md. Mamoon Al Bashir Lecturer Department of Business Administration East West University Subject: Submission of Assignment on “What are the interaction between Climate Change and Multinational Enterprise?” Dear Sir, It is a great pleasure and privilege to present the assignment titled “What are the interaction between Climate Change and Multinational Enterprise” which was assigned to us as a partial requirement for the completion of this course ITB 301 (International Business). Throughout the study we have tried with the best of our capacity to accommodate as much information and relevant issues as possible and tried to follow the instructions as you have suggested. We tried our best to make this assignment as much informative as possible. We sincerely believe that it will satisfy your requirements. We however sincerely believe that this...
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...Amir Ardalan, and Thomas Marsh This study utilized intra-firm, socio-cultural, geographical-proximity, and political-stability variables to explain bimodal foreign direct investment (FDI) patterns by agri-food and beverage multinational companies into and within the European Union. A logit framework incorporated a unique-count database of firm-level investment patterns from 1987–1998. The results showed the 1992 structural changes under the Maastricht Treaty increased the probability of wholly owned FDI modes such as greenfields and buyouts. The model also found that past modal strategies of firms, language barriers, and exchange-rate volatility all correctly explained modal investment patterns. The results provide important contributions toward understanding modal investment strategies including the role of macroeconomic changes within a custom union. A popular way for a firm to secure a business presence in a foreign nation is through foreign direct investment (FDI) in production, marketing, and/or distribution facilities. Formally defined, FDI is an investment in which a multinational enterprise (MNE) acquires a substantial controlling interest in a foreign firm or in some other manner establishes fixed assets on foreign soil. Prior to 1970, multinational operations were often characterized as an exclusively American institution (Erdilek 1985). However, during the 1970s the U.S. shifted from being the largest “home” country to being the largest “host” country. Indeed, post-1960s...
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...Research in Global Strategic Management Emerald Book Chapter: MULTINATIONALS, ENVIRONMENT AND GLOBAL COMPETITIO A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK Sarianna M Lundan Article information: To cite this document: Sarianna M Lundan, (2003),"MULTINATIONALS, ENVIRONMENT AND GLOBAL COMPETITION: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK", (ed.) Multinationals, Environment and Global Competition (Research in Global Strategic Management, Volume 9), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, pp. 1 - 22 Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1064-4857(03)09001-6 Downloaded on: 10-07-2012 References: This document contains references to 35 other documents To copy this document: permissions@emeraldinsight.com This document has been downloaded 877 times since 2008. * Users who downloaded this Chapter also downloaded: * Michael W Hansen, (2003),"ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF DANISH FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRI COUNTRY FACTORS IN SHAPING THE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL PRACTICES OF DANISH MULTINATIONALS", Sarianna M. L Multinationals, Environment and Global Competition (Research in Global Strategic Management, Volume 9), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, pp. 65 - 94 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1064-4857(03)09004-1 Ans Kolk, Rob van Tulder, (2003),"INTERNATIONALIZATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL REPORTING: THE GREEN FACE OF THE WO MULTINATIONALS", Sarianna M. Lundan, in (ed.) Multinationals, Environment and Global Competition (Research in Global Strategic Management, Volume 9), Emerald Group Publishing...
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...Sustainable development is appearing with increasing frequency in trade union discussions around the world, as concern mounts over the deteriorating state of our natural and man-made environment. Such threats as global climate change have caught the attention of trade union members, especially with publicity given to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2001),1 the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP, 2000), the Worldwatch Institute (2001) and other high-profile reports. Trade unionists in unprecedented numbers are joining the search for solutions that go beyond environmental issues to embrace such related social and economic conditions as poverty, dysfunctional subsidies, unfair trade and price structures, corruption and unemployment, all of which reflect longstanding trade union concerns. It is significant that concern over sustainable development should be occurring just as the world’s trade unions are coming to grips with the notion of globalization. For although the nature of this phenomenon has yet to be adequately analysed and clarified, it has taken on its own meaning in trade union discussions and policy papers. What is significant for this paper, however, is the extent to which the trade union perspective on sustainable development incorporates its concerns about globalization. Trade union discussions about sustainable development invariably turn to current social and economic developments, and their implications for workers. Throughout history...
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...WHAT IS FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (FDI) Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is the process whereby residents of one country (the source/home country) acquire ownership of assets for the purpose of controlling the production, distribution and other activities of a firm in another country (the host country) The International Monetary Fund (IMF) defines foreign direct investment (FDI) as a category of international investment where a resident in one economy (the direct investor) obtains a lasting interest in an enterprise resident in another economy (the direct investment enterprise). (IMF, 1993) * Two parts of this definition are important to note: 1. The “lasting interest” implies the existence of a long-term relationship between the direct investor and the direct investment enterprise, 2. The “direct investment” implies the acquisition of at least 10 percent of the ordinary shares or voting power of an enterprise abroad. * Foreign Direct Investor - an individual, an incorporated or unincorporated public or private enterprise, a government, a group of related individuals, or a group of related incorporated and/or unincorporated enterprises which has a direct investment enterprise – that is, a subsidiary, associate or branch – operating in a country other than the country or countries of residence of the foreign direct investor(s). Common Misconceptions of FDI. * FDI does not necessarily imply control of the enterprise since only a 10 percent ownership...
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...The Challenges of Local system Design for Multinationals: MaxFli Sales Force Automation System at BAT Group Members Alex Zisser Goutami Kukkapalli Sneha Sharma Ying Cui Current Situation at BAT • One of the Top Three global players in the tobacco industry • Distributing to 120 end markets in five regional divisions • Saw the need to replace existing sales force automation system • Implemented distributed approach to develop the MaxFli System • Currently – Three operating end markets – Approximately six month implementation time for each – Consultant: Joint Venture named Ciberion Sales Force Automation and Customer Relationship Management SFA • Automatically records all the stages in a sales process from beginning to end. • Ensuring that sales efforts are not duplicated, reducing the risk of irritating customers. CRM • A system for managing a company’s interactions with current and future customers • Synchronizes the efforts of sales, marketing, and support MaxFli was designed to incorporate both of these Strengths Weaknesses SWOT Analysis Threats Opportunities Strengths • Realization for the need of IT changes • Use of a distributed approach for development and design • Similar business processes • Existing MaxFli software as a reference and employees who have developed MaxFli software • Phased implementation strategy • Good Training Framework Weaknesses • Large number of end-markets • Unique needs for each and every market ...
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...LO1 Understand the organizational purposes of businesses. ACs 1.1 identifies the purposes of different types of organization. Tasks 01 Legal Structure of Business Organization: A business Organization may have three legal option or structure, they are: Sole Trader: A person who runs unincorporated business on his or her own. Sometimes it is known as "sole proprietor" or "sole practitioner". Partnership: A partnership is an association of two or more people formed for the purpose of carrying on a business. Partnerships are governed by the Partnership Act (1890). Incorporated Company: Incorporating business actions into a company confers life on the business as a "separate legal person", Profits and losses are the company's and it has its own debts and obligations. Types of the Business Organization: Private Company: A company whose ownership is private. Private companies may issue stock and have shareholders. Public Company: Public Company may be defined as, A company that has issued securities through an initial public offering (IPO) and is traded on at least one stock exchange or in the over the counter market. Government Company: Government Company may be defined by, it is a legal entity created by a government to start money-making activities on behalf of a proprietor government. Voluntary Organization: Voluntary organizations may be defined as, organizations are non-profit ambitious, self-directed and non-statutory, that are run by persons...
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...Volume III Liz Mohn A Cultural Forum Corporate Cultures in Global Interaction Bertelsmann Foundation Gutersloh 2003 A Cultural Forum Corporate Cultures in Global Interaction Global Business Culture – an International Workshop, held in November 2002 in Gutersloh Content 04 05 Content 6 Foreword Liz Mohn Part I: Cultural Diversity as a Challenge for the Management of Globally Acting Companies: Forming Process of Interaction and Acculturation Global Corporate Cultures: Management between Cultural Diversity and Cultural Integration Wolfgang Dorow, Susanne Blazejewski Competing on Social Capabilities: A Defining Strategic Challenge of the New Millennium Piero Morosini Cultural Complexity as a Challenge in the Management of Global Companies Sonja Sackmann Managing Cultural Diversity: Insights from Cross-Cultural Psychology Felix Brodbeck Part II: Trust – Leadership – Conflict Management: Topics of Growing Importance to Multinational Companies at a Time of Globalization Corporate Culture of a Global Company: The Volkswagen Group Ekkehardt Wesner Organisational and Cultural Change at Deutsche Post World Net Joachim Kayser TOSHIBA EUROPE GmbH – An Example of Corporate Culture in Global Interaction Dirk Mandel Topics on the Increasing Significance of Globalization for Multinational Enterprises Gerhard Rübling List of Contributors 10 12 30 58 82 96 98 106 112 115 120 Foreword 06 07 Foreword Liz Mohn Mergers and...
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...Business Prof. Joseph Foudy 8/19/15 Does Globalization help or hurt the average American Worker? Our grasp on what globalization exactly is, is shaky at best. Whether globalization means convergence, exploitation, or harmonization depends on a range of perspectives, each being impacted differently by a trend of increasing movement and connectedness. In examining whether globalization is beneficial for the average worker in the U.S., we must first define the parameters of our argument. A benefit or detriment to an average worker in the U.S. will be broadly measured by the impact a decision or change has on the U.S. labor force as a whole. Benefits to consumers should also be reflective of benefits to workers as they can be considered the same entity but merely performing different economic roles. A benefit will be defined as any improvement or increase in factors that positively affect one’s standard of living such as disposable income, wages, wealth, or access to goods and services. Within a strict macroeconomic examination of globalization, we can identify three main trends that characterize globalization: increasing movement of goods internationally, re-distribution of labor and capital, and an interconnectedness of policy decisions and economic consequences. Trends of increasing globalization also observe greater degrees of trade and interaction between foreign and domestic firms. Trade, as a major component of increasing globalization, provides significant benefits...
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...is heavily dependent on the policies that individual countries pursue. Given the close linkage between a country’s economic policies and the degree of exchange risk, inflation risk, and interest rate risk that multinational companies and investors face, it is vital in studying and attempting to forecast those risks to understand their causes. Simply put, attempts to forecast exchange rates, inflation rates, or interest rates are helped immensely by a deeper understanding of how those economic parameters are affected by national policies. At the same time, no one can intelligently assess a country’s risk profile without comprehending its economic and political policies and how those policies are likely to affect the country’s prospects for economic growth. I spend some time discussing the nature of property rights and their implications for political risk and economic development. The chapter examines the experiences of Latin American countries and Eastern European countries and addresses the question of what it takes to promote economic growth. A good discussion of property rights and their effects on economic growth can be based on the end-of-chapter problems. This discussion serves to introduce the topic of country risk analysis–the assessment of the potential risks and rewards associated with making investments and doing business in a country. This is a vital task for multinational firms and international banks, who must constantly assess the business environments of the countries...
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...The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether employers’ attitudes towards older workers, especially regarding promotions, really affect their retirement intentions, distinguishing between men and women. Design/methodology/approach – First, the author uses the 1992 wave of the Health and Retirement Study to estimate, through a Fields decomposition, the relative contribution of the feeling of an older worker to be discriminated against regarding promotions; and to explain the self-reported probability to work full time after 62, decomposing by gender. Second, using the two first waves of HRS, the author removes any bias due to time-constant unobserved heterogeneity, to test whether the individual feeling of being passed over for promotion may be misreported, owing to a strong preference for leisure. Finally, the author examines the effect of a change in this variable over time on the intentions to exit early. Findings – The Fields decomposition shows that feeling passed over for promotion plays a non-negligible role to predict retirement plans but only for women. In addition, using panel data allows a misreporting bias to be exhibited that may lead to underestimating of the negative effect of discriminatory practices towards older workers on their retirement plans. Lastly, an increase between 1992 and 1994 in the age-discrimination towards older workers encouraged women to leave their job early, while it had no effect on retirement plans of men. Practical implications – Empirical...
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...673-Managerial Writing & Reporting School of Business/ Graduate studies St. Thomas University Miami Gardens, Florida Term A6/ Fall 2011 10/11/11 Table of Contents Term Project 1 Management of Diverse Workforce 2 1. Introduction 2 a) Objective 2 b) Organization of text 3 2. What is Diverse Workforce? 4 a) The definition of Workforce Diversity 4 b) Diverse Workforce in Chinese-based companies 5 3. The history of Workforce Diversity in Chinese-based companies 6 4. Management of workforce relationships by Chinese-based companies 7 5. Issues we are facing 13 Answers to the issues 16 References 20 Management of Diverse Workforce By Chinese-based Company 1. Introduction a) Objective In recent years, because of the greater level of industry segments, commercial links between different countries such as China, United States and European countries have become closer and closer. As the result of this development, many companies have changed their attentions. These companies have become more interesting in the international business. Owning to this growth of interest, many multinational corporations have been created. Once a multinational corporation has been founded, this company is going to deal with the workforce diversity. Employees from all over the world are working in a same company, thus a huge diversity of a company’s workforce has been created. The new workforce which includes employees from all over the world has a huge impact...
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...How Communication Satisfaction Leads To Job Satisfaction A Research On Local And Multinational Telecom Companies In Bangladesh Introduction Today's business challenge focuses on many thing like cost control, product development and improving quality. But at the end everything comes down to success and prosperity of the organization and organization's success depends on its work force. If an organization’s employees are unhappy or dissatisfied, then it is likely that overall organizational effectiveness suffers. Because “there is a clear suggestion, that effective communication promotes organizational cohesion and effectiveness” (Hargie & Tourish, 2000,). Communication is a very important part of an organization. There are evidence that suggest more is better when it comes to internal communication. The value of quality internal communication and its relationship to organizational efficiency and effectiveness has been widely recognized (Stayer and How, 1990; Clampitt and Downs, 1993; Hargie et al., 2003b). It has been argued that Effective communication is a vital ingredient of attempts to increase participation, secure the widespread ownership of corporate goals and implement such programmes as total quality management (Hargie and Tourish, 1993). In addition, communication effectiveness is also perceived as central to management and organizational theory (Whetten and Cameron, 1991; Eden, 1993). Practitioners see internal communication as an important, challenging area...
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...1 Entrepreneurship, Innovation, and Economic Development: An Overview Adam Szirmai, Wim Naudé, and Micheline Goedhuys 1.1 Purpose of the book Economic development requires sustainable and shared increases in per capita income accompanied by changes in the structural composition of an economy towards higher value added goods and more efficient production methods. Entrepreneurs can contribute to economic development by facilitating the reallocation of resources from less to more productive uses (Acs and Storey 2004), by performing ‘cost-discovery’, ‘gap-filling’, and ‘input-completing’ functions in the economy (Leibenstein 1968; Hausmann and Rodrik 2003) and by supporting structural change (Lewis 1954; Gries and Naudé 2010). These roles have recently been the subject of a growing literature (see e.g. Minniti and Naudé 2010; Naudé 2010a, 2010b, 2010c). A neglected function in this literature is the potential role of entrepreneurs as innovators in developing countries. Joseph Schumpeter pointed out a century ago that entrepreneurs are often innovators, bringing new goods and technologies to markets, opening up new markets, processes, and ideas, and commercializing new knowledge. But, it is often mistakenly suggested that innovation by entrepreneurs is less important for growth in low-income developing countries than in more advanced economies.1 A substantial literature has been devoted to understanding the conditions under which entrepreneurs innovate, and the nature and evolution...
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...What are the Determinants of Financial Access in Latin America? Financial systems that are well-functioning help improve the problems created by information and transaction costs and help allocate resources across space and time. According to the author, financial development affects capital accumulation and technological innovation through at least five channels: by facilitating risk management, by reducing the costs of acquiring information about new investment opportunities, by simplifying corporate control over managers, by mobilizing savings, and by facilitating exchanges and thus promoting specialization and innovation. The author discusses that another financial indicator that suggests the region has a significant progress to make is the interest rate spread which is the margin between rates paid on liabilities and those received on assets. This chapter provides new evidence on the extent of firms’ access to financial services in the Latin America and Caribbean region and the relationships between access and selected policy-relevant variables. Moreover, the chapter explores the determinants of access by firms in the Enterprise Surveys sample. Also, the chapter studies the relationship between quality of courts and access to financial services. According to the Enterprise Surveys, the analysis of access focuses on the following six principal measures: First, Checking, which is an indicator variable that equals 1 if the enterprise has a checking account. Second, credit...
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