...Title: Traumatic Brain Injury General Purpose: To inform Specific Purpose: After listening to my speech the audience will better understand traumatic brain injury, what causes it, and what the effects can be. I. Introduction A. Did you realize that an estimated 1.7 million people suffer from a traumatic brain injury in the United States every year, and 52,000 of those die? And each year direct medical costs and indirect costs such as lost productivity of TBI totaled an estimated 60 billion in the United States. B. According to “brainline.org,” brain injuries are most often caused by motor vehicle crashes, sports injuries, and simple falls. C. Traumatic brain injury can range from being mild as in a slight concussion to severe as an unconsciousness, coma, and even death. D. I will be telling you what traumatic brain injury is, what causes it, and what the effects of traumatic brain injury is. II. Body A. First we are going to go through what traumatic brain injury is. 1. Traumatic brain injury, according to “brainline.org” can be defined as a blow or jolt to the head or a penetrating head injury that disrupts the function of the brain. 2. Traumatic brain injury can be a slight contusion, generally caused by a slight bump to the head. 3. Traumatic brain injury can be a bleeding or hemorrhaging of the brain generally caused by a severe blow or the brain hitting the skull. 4. Traumatic brain injury can also result from an object such as a...
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...understand traumatic brain injury, what causes it, and what the effects can be. I. Introduction A. Did you realize that an estimated 1.7 million people suffer from a traumatic brain injury in the United States every year, and 52,000 of those die? And each year direct medical costs and indirect costs such as lost productivity of TBI totaled an estimated 60 billion in the United States. B. According to “brainline.org,” brain injuries are most often caused by motor vehicle crashes, sports injuries, and simple falls. C. Traumatic brain injury can range from being mild as in a slight concussion to severe as an unconsciousness, coma, and even death. D. I will be telling you what traumatic brain injury is, what causes it, and what the effects of traumatic brain injury is. II. Body A. First we are going to go through what traumatic brain injury is. 1. Traumatic brain injury, according to “brainline.org” can be defined as a blow or jolt to the head or a penetrating head injury that disrupts the function of the brain. 2. Traumatic brain injury can be a slight contusion, generally caused by a slight bump to the head. 3. Traumatic brain injury can be a bleeding or hemorrhaging of the brain generally caused by a severe blow or the brain hitting the skull. 4. Traumatic brain injury can also result from an object such as a bullet penetrating the brain. B. Now that we know what brain injury is we are going to discuss what causes traumatic brain injury...
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...In this paper, traumatic brain injuries, the effects on speech and language, and the speech-language pathologist’s role with patients who have suffered a traumatic brain injury will be discussed. A traumatic brain injury is a very common cause of speech and language problems. It is an acquired cause, meaning it is not present at birth. It affects many areas of communication, including cognitive and memory skills, as well as speech and language. A speech-language pathologist plays an important role in these individuals’ lives. Speech-language pathologists are responsible for both the evaluation and the therapy for the patient. TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY Introduction Numerous research studies have been conducted on the topic...
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...Traumatic Brain Injury Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious health issue in the United States. Each year traumatic brain injuries affect millions of Americans. Some cases often result in death while those that survive are left with severe disabilities. Every twenty-one seconds, one person in the United States is sustained with a TBI. In 2013 alone, 1.5 million Americans suffered from traumatic brain injuries. What exactly is a TBI? A traumatic brain injury is defined as an alteration in brain function or other evidence of brain pathology, caused by an external force. TBI’s can be classified as congenital, perinatal, or acquired. In congenital and perinatal cases of TBIs, children are born with such diseases and/or physical abnormalities. Two subcategories of an acquired TBI are non-traumatic and traumatic. From there traumatic brain injuries are broken down into two more sub-categories called open and closed injuries. Open head injury is a skull fracture that is driven into the brain caused by high- momentum causes or objects to the head where as a closed head injury is a mild physical trauma, but still keeping the skull intact. Typical causes for TBI’s are falls, motor vehicle- traffic accidents, struck by/collision accidents, and sports injuries. The two main causes are motor vehicle- traffic accidents and sports injuries. Motor vehicle accidents are the leading cause of all head injuries. These accidents cause about 28% of traumatic brain injuries. The...
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...Traumatic brain injury also known and abbreviated as TBI, it is described to different for every person, and varies depending on the circumstances. TBI is a disability that is recognized by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and a very common injury. Playing tackle football or even romping around with siblings can cause this injury, and very commonly overlooked due to no visible injuries but can be very dangerous and life-threatening if not looked at by medical professionals. Definition of Traumatic Brain Injury: A traumatic brain injury varies from state to state. However, in the state of Kentucky the definition for students to be to be categorized by this disability “is an acquired injury to the brain caused by an...
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...Traumatic Brain Injury WUT2 Task Western Governors University A. Investigated Disease Process The disease process I will be reviewing is traumatic brain injuries. A traumatic brain injury occurs when sudden trauma occurs to an individual’s brain. Traumatic brain injuries are considered closed or penetrating. Traumatic brain injuries are categorized as mild, moderate or severe based on the amount of damage that occurs to the brain. (ninds.nih.gov, 2015) A1. Pathophysiology To understand traumatic brain injuries, we must first discuss the numerous causes of brain injury. When injury occurs to the brain, the patient encounters the primary injury that is directly related and occurs at the time of the injury. Secondary injury occurs as a result of the primary injury but often leads to a more significant sequela based on the type of initial trauma. Non penetrating injuries to the cranium that lead to traumatic brain injuries are not always related to direct blows of the cranium. Rapid acceleration and deceleration injuries along with compression injuries may lead to traumatic brain injuries. This type of injuries can lead to injuries to the brain tissue that could include compression, stretching and shearing injuries to the brain tissue. These type of injuries are classified as “diffuse axonal injuries”. Diffuse axonal injuries are one of the most common and extensive types of traumatic brain injuries. These injuries often lead to death or severe irreversible...
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...the sporting world has been dealing with head injuries in sports and finding new and better ways to deal with and prevent them. With most people involved in sport now knowing the severity of head injuries and there long term effects, it is not uncommon to hear more and more long term effect stories and how these injuries have impacted athletes’ lives. Psychological changes, brain disease, social declination, and even suicide caused from depression have been documented in recent years and has the public growing more and more curious to what the long term effects of head injuries are and what the best way to deal with them is. For professional athletes, the “loss of identity is evident”(Caron 175) and some may even lose their whole livelihood due to head injuries. In this paper I will be examining the aforementioned long-term effects of psychological changes, brain disease, and deterioration of social abilities. Long term effects of head injuries are an epidemic and by identifying these effects and being aware of symptoms or signs may help us better understand them. In recent years, psychological problems have been identified as one of the most prevalent effects caused by concussions in the long term. The sudden deaths of N.H.L players Rick Rypien, Derek Boogard, and Wade Belak all within a year due to suspected suicides shook the sporting world and made more people realize the severity of depression in sports due to head injuries. All of these hockey players were known “fighters”...
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...Brain Injuries Learning Team A University of Phoenix PSY 340 Biological Foundations of Psychology 28 March 2016 Abstract Thesis Statement: In this paper we will discuss different kinds of brain injuries, the functions of neural plasticity and the limitations of neural plasticity. The first thing that is discussed in the paper in different brain injuries. We go into depth about five different brain injuries that include blood clots, hematomas, concussions, strokes and cerebral edema. Once we have covered brain injuries we discuss the functions of neural plasticity in brain injuries. An important thing that is discussed with neural plasticity is the recovery from a brain injury, what is required during recovery and how long recovery from a brain injury can take. The last thing that is discussed in this paper is the limitations of neural plasticity with brain injuries. Keywords: brain, injuries, plasticity, neural “Each year, traumatic brain injuries (TBI) contribute to a substantial number of deaths and cases of permanent disability. TBI is a contributing factor to a third (30.5%) of all injury-related deaths in the United States.” (cdc.gov) Robert has experienced a traumatic brain injury that is going to affect him for the rest of his life. Brain injuries are serious, and should be treated as such. For some people brain injuries go unnoticed and untreated leaving it to be deadly, but for others it is caught and treated but the healing process is extensive. In...
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...Understanding Persons with Intellectual Disabilities Carrie Massey Grand Canyon University SPE 526 December 03, 2012 Abstract There are several different types of intellectual disabilities, such as mental retardation, autism, traumatic brain injury, severe and multiple disabilities, and deaf-blindness. Understanding the causes and characteristics of these disabilities is important in determining what is needed in the learning environment to ensure that students with intellectual and other disabilities have access to the quality education they deserve. Understanding Persons with Intellectual Disabilities There are several different types of intellectual disabilities that can affect a child’s educational abilities. It is important that teachers and parents understand the causes and characteristics of the different types of intellectual disabilities in order to ensure that all students are provided with a quality education. Intellectual disabilities can be caused by a number of factors or incidents, and can vary from person to person in severity, symptoms and effect on their ability to learn and function. Understanding the causes and effects of such disabilities will assist educators in developing proper teaching methods, accommodations and special materials needed to optimize the learning environment. Intellectual Disability Intellectual disability, previously referred to as mental retardation, is defined by deficient intelligence and adaptive behavior that...
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...Education Article Review 2 November 27, 2012 Source and Issue Statement “Brain Injured Students At My School? In My Room?” by Bobbin Kyte Cave comes from The Clearing House journal and was published in 2004. This article discusses traumatic brain injury and how it relates to an educational environment. It outlines some of the causes of TBI, what results from a brain injury, how the law intertwines with TBI and which educational interventions are successful for students with a brain injury. Critique The background information provided about TBI is thorough, but some areas if the paper could use more empirical support. For example, the first paragraph of the manifestation section could use some support for the idea that, “Students with brain injuries often have good memory for prior learning but exhibit an inability to connect new learning to prior knowledge,” (Cave, 2004). This could be a result of the author’s professional experiences as a psychological development counselor, but nothing directly indicates that. Another area that is in need of empirical support is the second paragraph on page 172. The statement that begins, “Students with brain injuries find it helpful when…” appears to be a matter of opinion without the research to lend credibility to this statement. Overall the manifestation section of the article is very thorough in its coverage of the many different ways in which brain injuries affect individuals. The author at one point makes a great transition from the...
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...disabilities, health impairments, and traumatic brain injuries are in every school. Students that have emotional and behavioral disorders look just like every other ‘normal’ students. According to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) emotional disturbance is defined as a condition exhibiting one or more characteristics over a long period of time that affects their education performance. Children with emotional disorders are unable to show proper behavior, maintain healthy relationships, and suffer from depression and/or anxiety. There is no known cause for emotional or behavioral disorders, but some can result in genetic, biochemical, or neurological influences. Physical disabilities are more noticeable, because the student are physically different than other children. Some may have require special equipment that helps them move about in the world. Some may need canes, walkers, crutches, or even wheelchairs. Students with health impairments have limited alertness and strength. They also have an amplified watchfulness to environmental motivations. Normally a health problem, chronic or acute, such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Tourette’s syndrome, diabetes, asthma, leukemia, epilepsy, etc. can contribute to a student’s heath impairment. Injuries such as closed head trauma, items piercing the brain, poisons of the brain, tumors, hypoxia, and strokes can cause a traumatic brain injury. Traumatic brain injuries causes some type of loss of their communication...
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...* What is the job of the central nervous system (CNS)? The central nervous system, also known as the CNS, consists of three(3) major components of the human body: * Brain – the brain is made up of three(3) parts: the cerebrum, the diencephalon, and the hindbrain. * Nerve Tissue – this part of the CNS is comprised of neurons, synapses, and neurotransmitters. * Spinal Cord – protected by vertebrae in the back, the spinal cord is made up of fiber tracts and spinal nerves. (Pedersen DD; PsychNotes: Clinical Pocket Guide, 3rd ed, F.A. Davis Company, 2011, Ch. 9, pg. 1) One of the two major divisions of the human body’s nervous system, the central nervous system is responsible for integrating sensory information and responding accordingly. In other words, its job is to get information from the body and send out instructions to the body. * What is the job of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)? The peripheral nervous system, or PNS, is made up of two(2) components of the human body: * Afferent System – this system is made up of somatic and visceral sensory neurons. * Efferent System – this part of the PNS controls the somatic nervous system (somatic motor neurons), as well as the parasympathetic nervous system, both of which are made up visceral motor neurons. (Pedersen DD; PsychNotes: Clinical Pocket Guide, 3rd ed, F.A. Davis Company, 2011, Ch. 9, pg. 2) The other major division of the human body’s nervous system, the peripheral nervous...
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...(“11 Facts About”). But, this amount of time can be extended if the victim does not report his/her concussion. This is frequently the case, as 25% of people who suffer a concussion are never “assessed” by medical professionals (“11 Facts About”). In the brains of dead NFL players, there is a certain phenomenon found called chronic traumatic encephalopathy, also known as CTE. CTE is “the term used to describe brain degeneration likely caused by repeated head traumas,” (“Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy”). CTE can only be found in the brain during an autopsy, so a definite diagnosis is not possible for a live human (“Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy”). The symptoms of CTE are a little more intense than a concussion, including “difficulty thinking, depression, short-term memory loss, emotional instability, and even suicidal thoughts,” (“Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy”). People believe that CTE causes areas of the brain to “waste away,” and brain cells can not communicate as well as normal (“Chronic Traumatic...
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...the forefront of modern sports and soccer is at the top of the list. Athletes, such as soccer players, are at a high risk of head or brain injury and youth soccer leagues, high schools, colleges, and professional leagues alike must take a stand to protect their players. There have been multitudes of recent studies on head and brain injuries in sports and the results are troubling. Jenna McLaughlin states that, “Scientific studies have shown that rates of injury in soccer are comparable to football, ice hockey, lacrosse, and rugby.” When most think of head injuries in sports, soccer seems to slip the minds of those in the conversation. Soccer has a high risk of head injuries that come from player-to-player contact, player-to-ground contact, and player-to-goalpost contact (McLaughlin 1). When looking at the impact of collisions from player-to-player contact, all aspects and possibilities must be considered. Soccer players can collide heads when driving the ball down field, an offensive player could kick a defensive player in the head if that defensive player slides for the ball, and knee-to-head collisions could occur while driving the ball down field. Another contributing factor is the player-to-goalpost contact. This contact is not common, but yet it does happen. When a player dives to block a goal or is pushed toward the goal head injuries occur. Heading the...
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...illness and even death. The National Football league failed to acknowledge these medical conditions until 2010. The argument faced is whether or not players should be allowed to file a lawsuit against the National Football League, even though players sign contracts which has a acknowledgement of the possibility of injury during gameplay and practice. In 2013, the National Football League had revenue of $9.5 billion, not including the amounts that the teams earned throughout the season. A total of 1,696 players played for 32 teams in 2014. Football is the most physical athletic sport played, in the Untied states of America. Injuries are often expected to occur to players each year. However, most players only expect to miss a few games before they return from an injury, not realizing the potential risk of long term injury. Every play on a National Football League field consists of head to head contact between some player, or with the ground. Retired National Football League players have proceeded to file a civil lawsuit against the National Football League because, studies have found that the helmet to helmet contact experienced in the games and practice, is causes a disease called Chronic Traumactic Enephalopathy (CTE). Statement of the Problems In order to understand if players should be allowed to file a lawsuit against the National Football League, we need to better understand exactly...
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