...Study 1. Should organizations be concerned about their employees being sleep-deprived? What factors influencing sleep might be more or less under the control of an organization? Organizations should absolutely be concerned about their employees being sleep-deprived: “Research examining the effects of sleep deprivation has found that tired workers experience higher levels of back pain, depression, and job dissatisfaction, along with lower levels of performance” (Judge 213). Being a full time student who also works full time, I have found myself trading sleep for extra studying time and the results of it are detrimental. When I sacrifice my sleep to get other things done that I couldn’t normally fit into my day, I feel like I’m dragging. My body hurts and so does my head and overall, I am just grumpy and exhausted. I tend to get agitated much easier and don’t always think things all the way through before making comments or answering questions. This is extremely unfair to those around me as I am probably not pulling my fair share of the workload or am snapping at people when they ask me a question. One factor that may be more under the control of an organization would be start and finish times. If employees are required to be at work by 7 A.M., they would have to get up by 5 A.M. to get themselves ready and commute to work. If they were, rather, required to start work at 9 A.M., they wouldn’t have to wake up until 7 A.M., giving them two extra hours to sleep in the morning. Along...
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...COURSE : DIPLOMA IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION | COURSEWORK 1 Year | 2015 | MONTH | JANUARY 2016 | Subject | BDB1394 ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR | Weightage | 30% (INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT) | Submission Date | 10th March 2015 | REGULATIONS A. Late Submission * A 10% deduction per day of total coursework marks (excluding weekends and public holidays). * Late submission between 5 to 10 days, results in a 50% deduction of total coursework marks. * Late submission past 10 days results in an automatic 0% for coursework and the student will be barred from the final examination. B. Deliverables Students must submit all materials supporting their coursework listed in the deliverable section. * The coursework must be done INDIVIDUALLY and must be entirely your own work. Please make sure that you are aware of the rules concerning plagiarism. If you are unclear about them, please consult your program coordinator/lecturer. Plagiarism is presenting somebody else’s work as your own. It includes: copying information directly from the Web or books without referencing the material; submitting joint coursework as an individual effort; copying another student’s coursework; stealing coursework from another student and submitting it as your own. Suspected plagiarism will be investigated and if found to have occurred will be dealt with according to the procedures set down by the university/college. * The coursework should exhibit formal research skills...
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...Department for Marketing and Statistics March 2012 Diet and eating habits at the transition to motherhood: Influencing factors, self-developed coping strategies and how the public and private sector can support the maintenance of a healthy diet Master Thesis Master of Sciences in Marketing Author: Supervisor: Sandra Denise Kunz Petersen Jessica Aschemann-Witzel EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PURPOSE – The purpose of this study is to gain a deeper understanding of the changes in diet and eating behavior women experience during the transition to motherhood, the underlying influencing factors, as well as their self-developed coping strategies, in order to devise recommendations for the public and private sector to support the adaption and maintenance of healthy eating habits during this transition. METHOD – A life course perspective was adopted and behavioral change models, used in health-related research, applied. In addition, the data of 18 qualitative e-mail interviews with German mothers was analyzed by means of qualitative content analysis. FINDINGS – The transition to parenthood represents an important life event that can be divided into several phases, each of which is characterized by a range of distinct changes in women’s eating behavior and influencing factors thereof. Women develop coping strategies to face these challenges, but are still found to lack perceived behavioral control and self-efficacy and are confronted with perceived barriers, all of which keeps them from adopting or...
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.........................................................................................i PART ONE: Research Report ........................................................................................................................1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................1 Physiological Patterns ........................................................................................................................2 Behavioral and Psychosocial Patterns................................................................................................2 Consequences of Poor Sleep in Adolescents .........................................................................................3 What Can Be Done ..................................................................................................................................4 Reference s.................................................................................................................................................7 PART TWO: Resource Guide.......................................................................................................................11 Pointers for Parents ...............................................................................................................................11 Tips for Teens...
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...reinforcement is received after a set amount of time, regardless of number of responses during that time. For example, a worker gets its pay every last Friday of the month. Fixed ratio interval is reinforcement occurs after a set number of responses, predictable. For example, whenever a worker makes 3 sales, he gets 20% commission. Variable interval is reinforcing someone after a variable amount of time is the final schedule. For example, A boss do not do check on the worker periodically, hence the worker does not know when the next ‘check-up’ might come, he have to be working hard at all times in order to be ready. Variable ratio interval is reinforcement based on number of responses; however it is unpredictable how many responses are needed to get the reinforcement. For example, fishing, you may catch a fish every time you cast out your line, or you may catch a fish after one cast, then after 5 more, then after 2 more, then after 6 more etc. (Fast to very slow extinction of behaviour) Stress Stress is a general term applied to pressures people feel in life. When pressures...
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...etc. Motives are hypothetical constructs, used to explain why people do what they do. A motive is what prompts a person to act in a certain way or at least develop an inclination for specific behavior.[1] For example, when someone eats food to satisfy the need of hunger, or when a student does his/her work in school because they want a good grade. Both show a similar connection between what we do and why we do it. According to Maehr and Meyer, "Motivation is a word that is part of the popular culture as few other psychological concepts are".[2] Wikipedia readers will have a motive (or motives) for reading an article, even if such motives are complex and difficult to pinpoint. At the other end of the range of complexity, hunger is frequently the motive for seeking out and consuming food.Types of theories and models[edit] Motivation theories can be classified on a number of basis. Natural vs. Rational based on whether the underlying theory of human Cognition is based on natural forces (drives, needs, desires) or some kind of rationality (instrumentality, meaningfulness, self-identity). Content vs. Process based on whether the focus is on the content ("what") motivates vs process ("how") motivation takes place. Monist and pluralistic motivational theories[edit] A class of theories about why people do things seeks to reduce the number of factors down to one and explain all behaviour through that one factor. For example, economics has been criticized for using self-interest as...
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...maximize pleasure. It can also originate from specific physical needs such as eating, sleeping or resting, and sex. Motivation is an inner drive to behave or act in a certain manner. These inner conditions such as wishes, desires and goals, activate to move in a particular direction in behavior. Contents 1 Types of theories and models 1.1 Motivational theories 1.2 Conscious and unconscious motivations 2 Psychological theories and models 2.1 Rational motivations 2.2 Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation 2.3 Push and pull 2.4 Self-control 2.5 Drives 2.6 Incentive theory 2.7 Escape-seeking dichotomy model 2.8 Drive-reduction theory 2.9 Cognitive dissonance theory 2.10 Content theories 2.10.1 Maslow's hierarchy of needs 2.10.2 Herzberg's two-factor theory 2.10.3 Alderfer's ERG theory 2.10.4 Self-determination theory 2.11 Temporal motivation theory 2.12 Achievement motivation 2.13 Cognitive theories 2.13.1 Goal-setting theory 2.14 Models of behavior change 2.15 Conscious motivation 2.16 Unconscious motivation 2.17 Thematic Appreception Test 2.18 Intrinsic motivation and the 16 basic desires theory 2.19 Attribution theory 2.20 Approach versus avoidance 3 Practical applications 3.1 Employee motivation ...
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...When a French social worker was recently asked what he considered the most valuable attitude in working with juvenile delinquents, he replied: ‘The ability to accept failure-and still go right ahead.’ W e should not delude ourselves that there are any short, swift or easy solutions. Delinquent behaviour is not a twenty-four hour malady that affects a child as a virus does. The preceding chapter has pointed out how complex, and how deeply set, some of the motivations towards juvenile delinquency can be. Since a child does not become delinquent on the spur of the moment but as the result of a long and intricate series of reactions, any realistic plan to help that child will not be an easy one. Any person, or any community, who hopes to change a specific delinquency problem must accept the fact that it is a long and thoughtful process, often one of discouragement and delay. It is expensive in terms of money, time and effort. It need hardly be pointed out, however, that the results of delinquency are twice as costly. From all our knowledge of delinquents and delinquency, there is no reassuring evidence of a formula or recipe for prevention. What emerges clearly, from many studies and reports and surveys, is that delinquent behaviour must be the concern of the entire community, not just dismissed as a problem to be handled by local schools, churches, police courts or professional agencies. It should be recognized as their problem by the citizens of a community even when their own children...
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...A STUDY OF FACTORS AFFECTING HIGH EMPLOYEE TURNOVER AMONG THE JANITORS AT ABC COMPANY Chamalie Ahangama Withanage B.Sc (Hons) Facilities Management University of Moratuwa a.w.chamalie@gmail.com Sri lanka Institute of Personnel Management Acknowledge ments Acknowledgements This research is accomplished to be indebted much dedication and admiration of many people who have contributed in numerous ways. I express my gratitude to each and every individual for their encouragement, values and ideas, assistance and especially their commitment towards this research to make it a success. First and most respectively, I am greatly indebted my supervisor, Mr.Mahendra Silva for the given interest, encouragement, gentle guidance and support offered through out of this study. I extend my sincere thanks to Mr. Suneth Hitihamu for his interest, encouragement and the guidance towards this work as research coordinator. It is my foremost duty to pay my gratitude to Head, Air Vice Marshal Rohitha Ranasinghe and all other staff members of IPM for the endorsement they gave me during the final year as well as during the research period. Also another word of thanks must go to all non academic staff members of the IPM for valuable help given whenever I required. I express my indebtedness to all participants in the survey for their encouragement, contribution, values and ideas, valuable assistance and especially their commitment towards this research and the valuable...
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...McDonald’s and Its Crisis What should a company do when its core product is considered “unhealthy” or even “harmful” by the public? Is it even possible for such a company survive and thrive; or will it have to shut down its business? McDonald’s fast food has for a long time been considered unhealthy by the public. In recent years, the health conscious trends have become increasingly popular. Moreover, many scientific studies and findings have surfaced and successfully confirmed that children’s increasing intake of fast food, which often contains high sodium content, sugars, saturated fats, and calories, for a long period of time would lead to childhood obesity. Moreover, obese children have a much higher risk of many health problems such as coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, and certain cancers--all of which are fatal if left untreated. In 2010, a mother from California sued McDonald’s over the company’s marketing practice of Happy Meal. The mother claimed that McDonald’s used alluring toys to lure kids into Happy Meal. This lawsuit, which might be viewed by many as senseless and absurd, was one of McDonald’s biggest cases. In order to come out of the lawsuit ahead, this largest fast food chain had to undergo some major organizational changes. In this paper, we would like to use the knowledge learned in the class to analyze the event (the lawsuit) and its effects on McDonald’s. The paper will have four main parts. In the first part...
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...and applied discipline involving the scientific study of mental processes and behaviour. Psychology also refers to the application of such knowledge to various spheres of human activity, including problems of individuals' daily lives and the treatment of mental illness. It is largely concerned with humans, although the behaviour and mental processes of animals can also be part of psychology research, either as a subject in its own right (e.g. animal cognition and ethnology), or somewhat more controversially, as a way of gaining an insight into human psychology by means of comparison (including comparative psychology). Origins of the psychology Near the end of 19th century things started drawing together. Questions raised by philosophers were being examined by physiologists, and vice versa. a. What is the relationship between the mind and the body? b. Why do people loose their minds? What is insanity? c. How do we perceive things? Why are their perceptions of the same stimulus different? d. What affect do our experiences have on us? How important are environmental influences versus characteristics and predispositions we are born with?...
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...LO1 Understand Complimentary therapies that can be used by users of health and social care. P1 Complimentary therapy means a different or alternative way of treating or preventing illness without the intake of drugs which involves healing practices. Classification of complimentary therapies. Physical therapy: This is a type of therapy which involve es exercises and other physical activities done on the body to improve health. This physical therapy includes; Acupuncture: this a physical therapy that involves the use of fine pins inserted in the skin at specific points along the meridians. This therapy adjusts the body energy flow into healthier patterns. But if the acupuncturist is not a qualified one then aim of the acupuncture might not be obtained. There are twelve primary acupuncture meridians that flow throughout the body, these acupuncture flow one into another; coupled together like two end of a hose. These paths ensure an even flow throughout the area of the body. Acupuncture points are locations along the meridians where the energy in that meridian merges and can be accused and affected. The effect of a point is done through stimulation with needles inserted into the defined location. Stimulation of the point is done through by the application of mechanical actions; heat or slight electrical micro-current can be applied on the needle. Before acupuncture is done the acupuncturist examines the patient first and asses the condition of the body. It is also recommended...
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...The HRM Function In any organisation, an essential part of the process of management is to ensure the efficient use of resources, particularly human resources. This is because the human element plays a major role in the success of organisations. The effective management of human resources is therefore very important. This is because organisational goals and business strategies can only be realised through people. HRM has been defined as “the design, implementation and maintenance of strategies to manage people for optimum business performance including the development of policies and processes to support these strategies and the evaluation of the contribution of people to the business”. Perhaps, one major justification regarding the change of nomenclature from Personnel Management to Human Resource Management is the increasing emphasis on effective employee relations and importance of securing the involvement and commitment of employees to the aims of the organisation. This becomes important given the preference of organisations for a leaner and fitter workforce. In this context it becomes imperative to get the best possible performance from every employee while, at the point of recruitment, well qualified and highly skilled people are brought into the organisation. HRM policies, activities and functions are based on the premise that it is necessary to recognise the needs and wants of staff as well as the nature of their grievances as a step in the direction of motivating...
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...Article Factors influencing healthcare service quality Ali Mohammad Mosadeghrad* Abstract Background: The main purpose of this study was to identify factors that influence healthcare quality in the Iranian context. Methods: Exploratory in-depth individual and focus group interviews were conducted with 222 healthcare stakeholders including healthcare providers, managers, policy-makers, and payers to identify factors affecting the quality of healthcare services provided in Iranian healthcare organisations. Results: Quality in healthcare is a production of cooperation between the patient and the healthcare provider in a supportive environment. Personal factors of the provider and the patient, and factors pertaining to the healthcare organisation, healthcare system, and the broader environment affect healthcare service quality. Healthcare quality can be improved by supportive visionary leadership, proper planning, education and training, availability of resources, effective management of resources, employees and processes, and collaboration and cooperation among providers. Conclusion: This article contributes to healthcare theory and practice by developing a conceptual framework that provides policy-makers and managers a practical understanding of factors that affect healthcare service quality. Keywords: Healthcare Organisations, Quality, Pluralistic Evaluation, Iran Copyright: © 2014 by Kerman University of Medical Sciences Citation: Mosadeghrad AM. Factors influencing...
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...philosophies, methods, goals, services, funding, or anything else just does not exist nor, from our point of view, should it. There are times when controversies and differences are stimulating, healthy, and valid and lead to creative solutions. At other times, they are repetitious, meaningless, and destructive. Too frequently they consume time, energy, and resources that might better be used providing needed services. To this end, we highly recommend that students become familiar with the books in the Opposing Viewpoints series, published by the Greenhaven Press, that deal with issues of concern to human services workers. The purpose of this chapter is to present a sampling of basic controversies and issues in the field of human services that have not yet been resolved and may never be resolved to everyone’s satisfaction. The questions raised in this chapter influence all human services workers. Some issues affect the human services worker more directly than others, but they all impact on the worker and the services provided. Prior knowledge of these and other controversies helps workers know what they might expect from colleagues, politicians, consumers of human services, and...
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