...Cancer is one of the most common causes of death worldwide. It is a disease that begins as a renegade human cell over which the body has lost control. Since cell is involved, these we call ‘cancer cells’ continue to divide and multiply at their own speed which may form abnormal lumps or tumors. There are many types of cancer such as lung cancer, breast cancer, and brain cancer. Being a widely known cause of death, researches and experiments about cancer prevention or treatment have been presented. Cancer immunotherapy is the use of the immune system to reject cancer which is done by attacking the malignant tumor cells that are responsible for the disease. This can be either through immunization of the patient (e.g., by administering a cancer vaccine), in which case the patient’s own immune system is trained to recognize tumor cells as targets to be destroyed; or through the administration of therapeutic antibodies as drugs, in which case the patient’s immune system is recruited to destroy tumor cells. Antibody, also known as an immunoglobulin, is a large protein secreted by a plasma cell to be used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects such as bacteria and viruses. Monoclonal antibody therapy is the use of monoclonal antibodies (or mAb) to specifically bind to target cells or proteins. This may then stimulate the patient's immune system to attack those cells. mAb therapy can be used to destroy malignant tumor cells and prevent tumor growth by blocking...
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...major stressor, scoring at 53, just below the death of a close family member which had a score of 63 (Homes & Rahe, 1967). However, recent research found that personal injury or illness was the most stressful event in a more contemporary lifestyle, placing 3rd in SRRS (Scully et al., 2000 P875). Serious illnesses influence the patients and their families’ lives, and the majority of people are known...
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...Executive Summary The idea of establishing a Leading Comprehensive Cancer Center in the Middle East was accomplished through the foundation of King Hussein Cancer Center. This center has been very distinctive by drawing a smile on many faces and by planting hope in the hearts of those who needed it the most. To accomplish their vision they applied values and processes that went hand in hand with their goals. Their main task is to decrease mortality rates and ease the suffering of cancer patients in a respectable manner. Therefore it was recommended that we offer a brief of the major functions in the center and a thorough analysis of their Lab. The aim of this study is to investigate the satisfaction level of the laboratory patients, determine bad processes adopted by the Lab and provide potential ideas that would enhance its’ services. The team had some access to Customer Satisfaction Questionnaires and Interviews that were carefully developed to handle patients’ feedback and complaints in addition to some observations’ outcome. It is apparent that KHCC Lab enjoys a good to very good customer satisfaction in most aspects; nevertheless the major drawbacks were the delays and repetitive activities. As we went through the process and analyzed the workflow utilizing flowcharts, and control charts, we concluded that some functions are working perfectly and others need a little refinement. In conclusion, the team members identified two areas of concern; the workflow and the...
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...Diagnosed With Cancer? Here Are 11 Effective, Natural Strategies To Kill Your Cancer The information you need to beat cancer is here - available to you for free. You won't have to download a report or buy any book. In fact, some readers have said that this report is better than the ebooks, and they had bought every one. Here you will find information your doctor can't tell you or doesn't know - including information on one product where 51 out of 65 stage 4 cancer patients became cancer free while using it. Other readers say that this report gave them the most understandable information they found about cancer. You'll learn about the underlying causes of cancer, and what to do to counteract those causes. Effective actions to take to defeat cancer. This information applies to all types of cancer. Lung, prostate, breast, colon, ovarian, cervical, liver, pancreatic, bone, bladder, stomach, testicular, thyroid, kidney, throat, brain, mouth, uterine, esophageal, rectal and more. The fundamental causes of these cancers are the same, so the same strategies work for all of them. Thousands before you have used these strategies to beat their cancer and now live happy normal lives. They are available here at no cost to you. "In 2003 my husband was told he had a pancost tumor on his upper left lung. He began 6 weeks of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. On April 1st, 2004 he went thru a 10 hour surgery to remove the upper left lobe, parts of his ribs and the tips of the T3, T4...
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...When the Time Comes xxxxxxxxxxxxxx SOC 313: Social Implications of Medical Issues (CGF1432B) xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx What is the right thing to do when a loved one's life is coming to an end? There is always the wanting to adhere to that individual's request and wishes however there is always the reality that it may not be completely possible due to outside reason or situations. The biggest huddle is will that individual receive the medical care that they need and will the family be will to help or it will cause a tear in the family. Ella who is the individual that will be discussed in this paper, because she is the one that is dying and it is her wishes that everyone especially her husband John, is trying full fill her last wishes. A little background is required for any of this to make sense Ella has been diagnosed with breast cancer and has been treating her condition with natural remedies, and for a long time, despite what the doctors have told her, it seemed to have been working causing her cancer to remission, however that route seems to have ran its course and now the cancer has come back with a vengeance cause Ella to come to the conclusion that she is dying, and she has starting to set up for the end, making her requests to be allowed to go home and pass at home, (Introduction_to_the_Miller_Family). Bringing an individual home that is basically coming home to be more comfortable until they die can and does cause a lot stress on not just the primary...
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...the Jacobean era saw the flourishing of Protestant Christianity and scientific advancements as seen in individuals such as Shakespeare and Galileo. This anthropocentric, humanistic movement is apparent in Donne’s challenge to the petrarchan conventions of poetry, in which he expresses the confidence of humanity and the arrogant attitude towards death that is central to his Holy Sonnet X ‘Death be not proud.’ Addressed through the second person references ‘thou’, ‘thee’, ‘thy’, death is not considered abstractly but anthropomorphisedas the poems central conceit. In Donne’s apostrophe to death , he personifies this concept and arrogantly reduces its power in “Death be not proud, though some have called thee Mighty and Dreadful, but thou art not soe.” Donne rejects this medieval perception of death being damning and fearful and represents the optimism of humanism and the Protestant Christian ideal of salvation. This central value is creatively reshaped by Margaret Edson...
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...they are raw materials of the body; cells from which all other cells with specialized functions are generated.” ( 2013. Stem Cells: What they are and what they do. ) “Embryonic stem cells are the fundamental building blocks for some of 260 kinds of cells within the body and can turn into anything: heart, muscle, brain, skin, blood.” (Hollowell, Kelly. 2002.)”Human embryonic stem cells are interesting to researchers because their pluripotency allows these cells to differ into any type of body tissue. There is a insufficient amount of advantages of stem cell research, this being one, but the many disadvantages outweigh the somewhat positivity.“ ( 2010. Disadvantages of Embryonic Stem Cells.) Embryonic stem cells come from embryos that are three to five days old. ( 2013. Stem Cells: What they are and what they do.) Human embryonic stem cells first came abroad in 1998 from embryos donated by couples no longer having the desire to use them for their own infertility treatments. From there on out, hES cell research has evolved into an ethical controversy. In the US, for example, a sizable amount have objected to the fact that five-day-old human embryos are destroyed in this process ( Hyun, Insoo. 2010. The Journal of Clinical Investigation). There are advantages that come from stem cell research, such as potential treatment for cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes, and several other illnesses. Stem cell research can also help scientists learn more about human growth...
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...to use for medicinal purposes and can only be prescribed by a doctor. Researchers and scientists support the use of marijuana as a medical drug. Some people like patients may view this positively, because the medical marijuana actually worked on them as they get a lot better. Despite some viewpoints in favor of the use of marijuana, it is still an unethical use of the drug, because there are still negative effects of using marijuana. Even though patients who are suffering from illness or disease and are using medical marijuana, patients viewed that it helps them feel better. With the increase of medical marijuana, the worldwide report estimates between 200 and 300 million people are now smoking marijuana (Earleywine 29). With 40% of the public using marijuana as medicine, it has changed the needs and values of our society. The use of medical marijuana can treat patients with many different ailments such as pain, nausea, vomiting, and AIDS. It can be used as treatment itself and to help patients with accepted treatments to find the cure for their conditions (Clark 40). Patients had to pay less for medical marijuana less than other medication drugs (Earleywine 181). Medicinal marijuana makes it an easy, affordable, and accessible solution in fourteen states allowing the use of medicinal marijuana by cancer patients and...
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...undignified. Terminally ill patients are frequently connected to machines, tubes, and a variety of other life-support equipment. They experience intolerable pain that would be inconceivable to a healthy individual. The terminally ill patient is often left with no option other than to die in an impersonal medical institution. They are unable to get out of bed, feed themselves or even go to the bathroom without assistance. As reported recently in a survey issued by the National Cancer Policy Board of the Institute of Medicine and National Research Council, “Many of the 550,000 American patients who die of cancer each year spend their last days in distress, suffering from pain, nausea, fatigue and depression” (Toufexis). In such circumstances there is no means for a terminally ill patient to sustain their dignity in the dying process. Unfortunately, much of the misery suffered by the terminally ill is done so needlessly. Surveys indicate that along with the loss of a patient’s dignity and quality of life is the fear of facing death in uncontrollable pain. A recent survey by the National Cancer Policy Board of the Institute of Medicine And National Research Council indicated that, nine million Americans are now living with cancer and about 60 percent of those diagnosed with cancer will eventually die of the disease. Surveys indicate that one-third of patients in active therapy and two-thirds of patients with advanced disease...
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...which eventually end up creating a functioning bodily system. The article states how they received stem cells from a patients’ windpipe that was cancer ridden. With these cells, they replicated a new windpipe for the patient, Beyene, so he no longer has to suffer. The cells taken from him were grown/incubated in what is called a bioreactor. This device...
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...However the United States government says the marijuana use is addictive and it is harmful. So the government makes it illegal even though alcohol and drugs of nicotine which used in cigarettes are legal. Why is it ok that medical marijuana may be legal in some states but not in others? The legalization of medical marijuana in United States would drastically reduce pain sufferers in our society. Legalizing medical marijuana benefits society by helping decrease government spending, and reduce health care costs. Marijuana, in its natural form, is one of the safest therapeutically active substances known. Just think to ourselves, is it ethical to deny a person who is having chemotherapy or radiation for cancer, a way to relieve nauseaness and pain caused from treatments? Is it ethical to deny a dying person in pain, get the relief from pain and get comfort? Is it ethical to deny someone who has chronic pain or debilitating pain a medicine that can relieve pain? Who has the right to do this? Even though the government does, it is unethical. Marijuana is a natural alternative medicine to help all these issues. The medicines the doctors have to prescribe, for pain like narcotics, have acetaminophen in them which can cause liver damage or even failures are more susceptible to be abused and addicting. There are a number of ethical issues that a doctor who prescribes medical marijuana faces while in a clinical office or hospital. There are many arguments supporting the use...
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...traditional treatments from their home lands and do not trust western medicine. Unaware that western medicine can also be beneficial when it is incorporated with the traditional medicine. Western medicine needs to rebuild their trust in African cultures because of the past destruction done to the people of Africa. The western medical community can learn from the traditional medicine in Africa and Africa can also benefit in the advances of western medicine. Due to the untrustworthiness of some Western health care workers who have intentionally infected their patients with HIV, many Africans do not trust western medicine for treatments of illness because of the fear of being infected. Instead they trust and prefer the traditional treatments offered in their homelands which include traditional practices, herbal medicines, spiritual healing, and their own medical practitioners. . Because Western researchers have experimented on African populations in the past, many Africans to not trust western medicine. Therefore, they reject western treatments for HIV/AIDS. It would be best for Africans and worldwide health if all treatment options both traditional and modern were available to all Africans. “Western medicine is based on clinical research and methods, including surgery as a treatment option.” (Hunter, 2015) The History of Western medicine follows a number of safety protocols for all of the various treatments offered. Western medicine also has strict guidelines for treatments in clinical...
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...theorizes or makes logical sense of therelationships among several factors that have been identified as important to the problem. (Sekaran, 2001) Components of Theoretical Framework o Identify and label the variables correctly. o State the relationships among the variables: known as formulate hypotheses. o Explain how or why you expect these relationships. So, Theoretical Framework is ? • A mechanism that helps to clarify a big idea. • A means through which you can explore the multiple dimensions of a big idea. • An instrument for judgment. • A filter through which you can consider various ideas in order to further clarify a position. So, Theoretical Framework is? • A guides to your research, determining what things you will measure, and what statistical relationships you will look for. • A simply the structure of the idea or concept and how it is put together. • An essay that interrelate the theories involved in the question. Theoretical Framework • So it is the foundation to proceed with the research, and involve nothing more than identifying the network of relationship among the variables. So it is vital to...
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...Applied Statistical Methods Larry Winner Department of Statistics University of Florida February 23, 2009 2 Contents 1 Introduction 1.1 Populations and Samples . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 Types of Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2.1 Quantitative vs Qualitative Variables 1.2.2 Dependent vs Independent Variables . 1.3 Parameters and Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 Graphical Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 Basic Probability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5.1 Diagnostic Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 7 8 8 9 10 12 16 20 21 25 25 29 29 29 32 32 32 32 32 35 35 37 38 38 39 40 42 42 44 48 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Random Variables and Probability Distributions 2.1 The Normal Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1.1 Statistical Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 Sampling Distributions and the Central Limit Theorem 2.2.1 Distribution of Y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 Other Commonly Used Sampling Distributions . . . . . 2.3.1 Student’s...
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...WRITING AN EFFECTIVE RESEARCH PROPOSAL The purpose of this handout is not to teach you how to design a research project. Rather it is to help you translate your research plans into an effective research proposal. A well-written proposal will ease the process of obtaining institutional and ethical approval and will increase your chances of obtaining funding for your project. The writing of this booklet was guided by our experience writing proposals but also on our experiences as reviewers on institutional and granting agency review panels. The booklet is designed for health sciences researchers conducting quantitative, clinical research. However, the general concepts are applicable to most areas of inquiry. Writing an Effective Research Proposal 2 ELEMENTS OF A RESEARCH PROPOSAL ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ Title Abstract Study Problem Rationale/Relevance of the Project Literature Review Specific Study Objectives Research Methods I. Study design II. Subjects Inclusion/exclusion criteria Sampling Recruitment plans Method of assignment to study groups III. Data collection Variables: outcomes, predictors, confounders Measures/instruments Procedures IV. Intervention V. Statistical considerations Sample size Data analysis Ethical Considerations Consent form Privacy of information Work Plan Budget Research team Dissemination Plan 3 ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ Writing an Effective Research Proposal KEYS TO SUCCESS TO WRITING A GOOD PROPOSAL Overall Quality of the Study ∗ Good research question...
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