...Cloning, both a whole organism and an individual organ, is a sign of potential for the scientific community. Cloning a whole organism can be done by two methods. The first, artificial embryo twinning, involves separated an embryo into individual cells in a Petri dish. These embryos are placed in a surrogate mother for their development and are identical because they all had the same fertilized egg. The other method of entire organism cloning is called somatic cell nuclear transfer or SCNT. SCNT involves isolating a somatic cell, or any cell that is not a reproductive cell, and removing the nucleus and DNA from an egg cell. The nucleus is then transferred from the somatic cell to the egg cell. Now, the egg cell with a new nucleus develops like...
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...The Human Cloning Debate its Benefits Potential and Controversies Charles J. Butler Devry University ENG 135 Professor Norton Abstract This paper explores the vast science and medical research that has gone into cloning, specifically human cloning. It focuses mainly on internet websites and articles posted on to the internet. The articles focus mainly on the history of cloning and the various ways that nature has used cloning and how mankind has extended natures approach and ultimately advanced cloning methods and the new technology that has been discovered because of these advances. The articles contain proof that further advancements in cloning can develop possibilities in preventing and curing diseases. There is discussion on how continued research into therapeutic cloning can expand the knowledge of how certain diseases and cancer attack the body, and how this knowledge can help fight and even eliminate both these issues. Another topic of discussion is how cloning could lead specific cell production of various organs and tissues through-out the body which can lead to curing failing organs and even the possibility of growing replacements organs thus doing away with then need for lengthy organ transplant lists and the needless suffering of thousands of patients a year. The paper contains the various ethical and controversial arguments that human cloning bring up. Keywords: Therapeutic cloning, The Human Cloning Debate its Benefits Potential and Controversies ...
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...HUMAN CLONING Human Cloning Human Cloning One of the most controversial topics around the world today is human cloning. Knowledge rush defined cloning as “the creation of a genetically identical copy of an existing human or growing cloned tissue from that individual.” Human cloning is also referred to as artificial human cloning. Cloning efforts date back to the 1800s with the attempts to clone sea urchins and frogs. As of today, human cloning has not been perfected or deemed safe. Human cloning should not be legalized due to the high possibility of wiping out the entire population, overcrowding the entire population and the many ethical and medical issues. More advanced research, studies and experiments are needed before human cloning can become a reality. Then we have therapeutic and reproductive cloning. Therapeutic cloning is defined by med terms as “a procedure when cells (typically from the skin), are taken from patients and then inserted into a fertilized egg whose nucleus has been removed.” The stem cells that are extracted are used to grow tissue that could possibly be a genetic match and treat disorders like diabetes, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Keep in mind that this is not 100% accurate and that it’s a big part of the bioethical controversy. Developing cures is a huge one. The effort to find cures for illnesses will become extinct because every scientist and doctor will be too focused on cloning and looking out for themselves. Then...
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...produced by cloning methods and was born to a surrogate mother (“Cloning Fact Sheet”). The methods used to clone Dolly were once considered to be biologically impossible (Wilmut and Highfield 12). Thus, once Dolly’s birth was announced to the rest of the world, an immediate debate over the ethics of cloning began. In particular, reproductive cloning was widely discussed because it could possibly be accomplished through somatic cell nuclear transfer to clone entire humans (“Cloning Fact Sheet”). For medical, social, religious, and political reasons, there are both proponents and opponents of reproductive human cloning and its ethics. Currently, the best way to deal with reproductive cloning is to ban its use because there are many negative consequences that could arise from using cloning technology. There are two different types of human cloning: therapeutic cloning and reproductive cloning. The goal of the former is to obtain stem cells from embryos that can be used to study the growth of the human body and to find possible cures and treatments for various diseases (“Cloning Fact Sheet”). The purpose of the latter, on the other hand, is to create a whole human being through cloning. Specifically, reproductive cloning is done using somatic cell nuclear transfer and can theoretically produce a human that has the same exact nuclear DNA as another individual. Currently, though, this technology has only been used to clone animals and has not yet been successful in cloning humans (“Cloning...
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...Additionally, cloning can be seen by opponents as useless. Shanks, in the article “Pet Cloning” says, “Cloning does nothing to improve their environment; it adds no genetic diversity; it requires many surrogates and egg donors, who may be harmed; and it may distract from lower tech but more practical conservation measures”. Opponents will claim that because cloning does not add genetic diversity, it is useless. They claim that it does not improve the environment. In spite of the previous claim, cloning does improve the environment. According to “Cloning”, cloning could be used as a substitute for selective breeding. Selective breeding, which is breeding animals with desirable characteristics to produce offspring with those characteristics,...
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...Human Cloning comes with two dangerous processes, reproductive cloning (the creating of a new organism) and the therapeutic cloning (the creation of a new tissues or “other biological products”) which affects the ethics of human society. Scientists perceive cloning benefits all men and women, while religious leaders stress the idea of cloning to be an unethical process. Although human cloning serves as an aid to the children and parents with conflicts, cloning is completely unacceptable to convey human life as a product. Humans reproductively and therapeutically give the idea of people becoming a product rather than a living being. Siedler emphasizes that “reproductive cloning could also represent an enormous step in direction of transforming human procreation into human manufacture” (Siedler 91-92). In other words, reproductive cloning will create a world full of dolls that will remove every trace of living beings. Though it is hard to believe the world becoming a doll house for each family or community, it has come to a conclusion that the ability of cloning and “creating children” is questioning every person, “what does it mean to be a human?” (Yount 114). If it was not bad enough for this world to describe some of the people to be looked upon as nothing but a thing, cloning pushes the idea to a whole new level. “By opening the door to many things such as manipulation,” Yount states, as she desperately explains the fear in cloning, “of wanting to be someone else, it can treat...
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...Human Cloning Table of Contents: Advantages and Disadvantages Human Cloning and Divine Command Theory Human Cloning and Naturalism Human Cloning and Religion Human Cloning and Utilitarianism Human Cloning and Ethical Egoism Human Cloning and Kantianism Advantages and Disadvantages Like any other controversial topic, human cloning has numerous advantages and disadvantages, and based on these, one ought to decide whether to condemn human cloning as ethically right or not. On the one hand, there are several advantages for human cloning. These are mostly medical and political advantages. From a medical point of view, cloning can serve to improve the human condition. As a matter of fact, it provides cures to various diseases. With human cloning legalized, doctors would no longer treat cancer by chemotherapy; they would rather replace the affected cancerous organ by a new cloned one. Another way human cloning can serve to improve the human condition is by improving future generations. Some traits in human beings are unwanted and undesirable and can therefore be genetically dismissed in clones. Thus, future generations will not bear these unwanted characteristics. Furthermore, human cloning can serve to provide solutions to problems such as infertility and aging. Although Human cloning has a good number of advantages, it also has a lot of drawbacks. First of all, human cloning is the act of creating a new human being using technology and not the traditional way. This causes a...
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...Governmental Banning Of Human Cloning Essay, Research Paper A Solution to the Problem: Governmental Banning of Human Cloning Governmental Banning on human and organ cloning is posing a problem on those educated ones in academia. Researcher and scientist Dr. Ian Wilmut has successfully cloned a sheep, and has gathered from this experiment evidence that strongly proves that human and organ cloning could be performed ? safely and effectively. Unfortunately, our government has almost immediately banned such cloning in this country. Did they realize the benefits of such a discovery? Perhaps they simply believe that it is some sort of unethical, immoral experiment that is not beneficial to our society. Perhaps they should take a closer look at exactly what these researchers have derived from years of experimenting. In this paper, I will propose a possible plan to persuade our government to take another look at human and organ cloning. Many positive benefits could come out of this, and it is our responsibility, for the sake of a healthier future, to push policy makers to change their minds and loosen their grips on such a banning. Cloning of various organisms has been going on for years. This concept of cloning was conceived in 1938, but it was not until 1994 that a method using an embryo was used to clone a cow (Business Week). Much to many people?s surprise, the idea of cloning humans is not an aged concept. It is fairly new, but that hardly means that the amount, or rather...
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...Stem Cell Cloning Research Braden Harrah Marshall University Abstract The term cloning of stem cell is used by scientists to describe many different processes that involve making duplicates of the different types of stem cells. In different types of cases, stem cells are duplicated for scientific study and no new results were found during the experiment of trying to clone stem cells. This led to the experiment that led to the cloning of Dolly the sheep in 1997. It used a cloning technique called that scientist have been trying to memorize and resulted in an animal that was a genetic twin. This technique can also be used to produce a stem cell from which cells called embryonic stem cells could be extracted to use in research into potential therapies for a wide variety of diseases. The diseases they are hopefully cure or give therapeutic help to is Parkinson’s and Alztimers disease. Introduction Stem cell cloning has been the overall climax for scientific research. Stem cell cloning has evolved ever since they found out what stem cells could do if they were cloned properly. Based on my research, the assumption that cloning stem cells can help mankind appear to be true. Throughout my research on cloning of stem cells I got the idea that if stem cells were cloned that they can cure common diseases such as diabetes and Alzheimer’s. They need to practice on getting the cloning down right before even trying it on a human. They want to continue research on how to clone stems...
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...When one thinks of cloning they make think back to a science fiction movie they saw where clones took over the world or a book of the same genre where clones did something evil. Cloning has always been looked at as a futuristic endeavor, but truth is that cloning is here already. The most famous case of cloning is with Dolly the Sheep, which was the first animal to be cloned from a somatic cell. With cloning comes a wide variety of potential for science, some of which include organ transplantations and reproductive uses. The latter is what will be focused on in this paper. Reproductive cloning is the process of creating an animal that is genetically similar to the donor animal through somatic cell nuclear transfer. This is the same process...
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...Description and definition of the issue (What is global warming?) C. Importance of the issue (How does it impact our society?) D. Applicable law (If you have research on recent laws regarding your issue place it here. If not, delete it.) E. Thesis: Your perspective (argument) on the issue based on three main points. 1. Example Thesis: Human cloning should not be legalized because it is dangerous, expensive, and unethical. II. Brief Overview of Opposing Position A. Describe the basic view point of the opposition 1. Initially, many would argue that cloning should be legalized because it may cure diseases. B. Provide the supporting arguments and facts (supported by references to texts and well-known authorities) 1. For example, some scientists say that cloning may provide clues to genetic mapping and diseases (Bogo 1). 2. Additionally, research seems to show that cloning allows individuals to have a “back-up” of their specific blood, plasma, and even organs (Samson 2). C. Elaborate/Analysis and summary of perspective A: 1. To summarize, supporters of cloning believe that it is medically beneficial to humans. D. Counterargument: 1. Indeed, many might believe cloning is beneficial. However, cloning should not be legalized because it is dangerous...
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...Cloning is not new and experiments with frogs and toads date back to the 1970s . Experiments involving plants and animal embryos have been performed for years, yet experiments involving human beings have never been tried or thought possible, until "Dolly". Her birth shocked the scientific community and has spurred discussion about the possibility of human clones. In the following essay I am going to speak about the subject of Human Cloning, its pros and cons, and speak against the following issues. Pros of Human Cloning Prior to arguing against the human cloning it is imperative to note the positives of this genetic technology. Human cloning will allow doctors to determine the cause of spontaneous abortions, give oncologists an understanding of the rapid cell growth of cancer, allow the use of stem cells to regenerate nerve tissues, and advance work on aging, genetics, and medicines. Some people argue that cloning is the logical next step in reproductive technology. Identical twins are natural clones, so reproductive cloning can be regarded as a technological version of a natural process (McGee, 82). If a couple are infertile, why shouldn't they be able to produce clones of themselves? If a couple have lost a child, why shouldn't they be able to replace that loved individual with a clone if that is possible? Equally if someone has made a great contribution to science, music, the arts or literature, it seems like a good idea to produce more of them in the hope that we might...
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... Therapeutic cloning has the potential to treat several degenerative diseases, thereby defective genes could be replaced and help improve the lives of millions. However, cloning in the human sense has had a difficult start. DNA cloning has permitted the development of modern biology, in particular within the last forty years. In this time frame the world has passed from theories to actually cloning genes. Subsequently, The University of Utah Health Sciences did a study on the history of cloning: Mitalipov and colleagues were the first to use somatic cell nuclear transfer to create a human embryo. …In this experiment, researchers took a skin cell from a patient and fused it with a donated egg cell. Key to the success of the experiment was the modification to the culture liquid in which the procedure was done and to the series of electrical pulses used to stimulate the egg to begin its division. Following the cloning controversy of 2004–2005, in which South Korean scientists falsely claimed to have used somatic cell nuclear transfer to create embryonic stem cell lines, the scientific community demanded much stronger evidence that the procedure had actually been successful. (Learn. Genetics) Subsequently, many states in the US began to prohibit the use of therapeutic and reproductive cloning. Regardless, cloning should be decriminalized, with the stipulation that serious regulations be put into place. People, often too caught in the moral implications of cloning never take the...
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...The first thing that usually pops into someone’s mind when they hear the word cloning is a human replication such as the army of clones in the movie Star Wars. What most people don't know is that there is so much more to cloning than creating a living being identical to the original. There are multiple ways to utilize the technology of cloning whether they be beneficial or not. Cloning is a good idea as long as it upholds life and is not allowed to limit the diversity of genetic traits. Cloning is “the asexual production of an exact copy of an original” (“What is cloning”). It is from one parent and results in identical cells. Scientifically speaking, one cell could be cloned, as well as organs, plants, even animals and perhaps humans. Just as varied, are the reasons to clone in the first place. The possibilities of cloning range from medical uses, personal uses, agricultural and livestock improvement to saving endangered species and more. The medical advantages cloning provides extend life, treat illnesses, and produce medications. Research into cell growth and genetics adds understanding into diseases such as cancer and how to avoid hereditary defects. In addition, cloning can improve food sources whether crops or livestock. Cloning also takes part in choosing desirable traits for people, animals, and plant, crops. Once they genetically engineer the plants, they can clone those seeds so that they have multiple identical copies of that same plant. Same with animals or livestock...
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...Nathan Johnson Persuasive Essay Human Cloning Cloning humans has recently become a possibility that seems much more realistic in today's society than it was twenty years ago. It is a method that involves the production of a group of identical cells or organisms that all derive from a single individual (Grolier 220). It is not known when or how cloning humans really became a possibility, but it is known that there are two possible ways that we can clone humans. The first way involves splitting an embryo into several halves and creating many new individuals from that embryo. The second method of cloning a human involves taking cells from an already existing human being and cloning them, in turn creating other individuals that are identical to that particular person. With these two methods almost at our fingertips, we must ask ourselves two very important questions: Can we do this, and should we? There is no doubt that many problems involving the technological and ethical sides of this issue will arise and will be virtually impossible to avoid, but the overall idea of cloning humans is one that we should accept as a possible reality for the future. Cloning humans is an idea that has always been thought of as something that could be found in science fiction novels, but never as a concept that society could actually experience. "It is much in the news. The public has been bombarded with newspaper articles, magazine stories, books, television shows, and movies as well as cartoons¨...
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