...Cyber Ethics CSEC 620 As one of the most uncertain and muddled aspects of any organization or company, Cyber Ethics are undoubtedly one of the most important in today’s technological age. Every organization or company operates with a Code of Conduct for its employees. This Code of Conduct outlines the “dos and don’ts” for an organization in hopes for “ethical” and “moral” operation of business. A typical code of conduct will outline an Acceptable Use policy, Internet Use policy, Security policy, and acceptable conduct policy for its employees that is supposed to be required reading. Like with any law, in cyber security there are always law-breakers waiting for the chance to exploit a weak firewall, a patch in the system, or a careless employee who leaves login information open for the wrong eyes to see. For this reason government and private sector alike must constantly update security measures and do thorough investigations of employees upon hiring. The internet is so large and open that it is a serious security threat for individual corporations and especially government agencies. The US government defends against countless internet attacks every day and because of the vast connections between private companies and government it is both the responsibility of private and public sector to insure everyone’s safety. Developing a widespread Code of Ethics in regards to Cyber Security is an increasingly difficult task. New advances in technology make it difficult to...
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...FLORIDA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY CYBER SECURITY WITHOUT CYBER WAR U.S. Military vs. International Law Perspective A SHORT PAPER ASSIGNMENT TWO SUBMITTED TO: IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR CYB 5275: ENTERPRISE INFORMATION SECURITY BY CRAIG CANNON MELBOURNE, FLORIDA JANUARY 25TH 2013 In her article “Cyber Security without Cyber War”, Mary Ellen O’Connell does a brilliant job in giving the reader an overall view of the debate concerning which government should have primary responsibility of the internet when it comes to the legal authority of cyberspace. She begins the article by citing two major players in this debate: the U.S. Military with its rules and legislation vs. NATO and its international law. According to O’Connell, the USA feels that the military should have primary responsibility over the internet since it has the largest number of technical experts and legal authorities with respect to cyberspace than anyone else in the world. Many in the international community would disagree with allowing the US military to police the internet. They raise the question: What legal rules would be used to guide the military in its supervision of the internet. They believe that using international law is the best way to govern cyberspace usage. (Johnson, 1996) Still others favor the US military’s Cold War strategy of deterrence as a way of patrolling the internet. These that favor...
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...ON CYBER CRIME BY ONUOHA, MAUREEN CHIZOBA C/O MR. DIKE G. OKORONKWO, PLOT 607 MONSTERRADO STREET, (NEAR RUSSEL CENTRE) WUSE ZONE 4, ABUJA, NIGERIA 2348055954286 27TH MAY, 2005 onuchizoba@yahoo.com INTRODUCTION Over the past twenty years, unscrupulous computer users have continued to use the computer to commit crimes; this has greatly fascinated people and evoked a mixed feeling of admiration and fear. This phenomenon has seen sophisticated and unprecedented increase recently and has called for quick response in providing laws that would protect the cyber space and its users. The level of sophistication has gone high to the point of using the system to commit murder and other havoc. The first recorded cyber murder committed in the United States seven years ago according to the Indian Express, January, 2002 “has to do with an underworld don in hospital to undergo a minor surgery. His rival goon hired a computer expert who altered his prescriptions through hacking the hospital’s computer system. He was administered the altered prescription by an innocent nurse, this resulted in the death of the patient”[i] This work seeks to define the concept of cyber-crime, identify reasons for cyber-crime, how it can be eradicated, look at those involved and the reasons for their involvement, we would look at how best to detect a criminal mail and in conclusion, proffer recommendations that would help in checking the increasing rate of cyber-crimes...
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...Law Enforcement Challenges Name Institution Course/Number Professor’s Name Date Law Enforcement Challenges In the world today, enhanced technology has come to permeate every aspect of life. Technology molds how people interact, how banking services are provided and even how crimes are committed. Cyber crimes have developed in volume and substance over the years, and this has posed a great challenge, especially to law enforcement agencies. This paper seeks to give a detailed explanation of the utmost challenges facing the jurisdiction systems against cyber crime, as well as the possible solutions to these challenges. Challenge facing law enforcement agencies investigating exploitation, cyber stalking and obscenity Jurisdictional issues, as well as, determining who the online crime perpetrators are remains to be the greatest challenge the Law enforcement agencies face. Before arresting any suspect, law enforcers need to determine who the criminal is and his or her location. Determining this has become increasingly difficult over the years because it is extremely easy, and cheap, for individuals to hide their identities online due to the countless services that allow users to mask their IP addresses freely. Besides, some crimes such as obscenity...
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...technology. Cyber world is known for its unlimited space and boundaries. Talk about cyber world, it is must have a violation that we will face it. Consequently in our country, cyber world become an ocean of information that enables people to share, communicate, and make business, making friends including creating opportunities to commit crimes and taking advantage of people openness in sharing data and information about themselves by those predators looking for victims in the cyber world. Regulating behaviour is never easy despite the existence of laws and regulations and one of the most difficult challenges is that technology are often too fast developed for the law to catch up. VIOLATION OF THE CYBERLAWS AND COMPUTER ETHICS Talk about available laws, have a lot of violation that will impact to us in our daily life...
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...Cyber-Crime Trends Melody Ann Lovelace CJA570 October 10, 2011 Ray Gagne Cyber-Crime Trends In the dawn of the 21st century, the evolution of new technology and science concepts have made changes to everyone’s daily life. Cyber-crimes are a creature that did not exist 15-plus years ago. Back in the day, before technology, were only the conventional crimes such as illegal behaviors people thought were criminal behaviors. However, in today’s time an individual must be extremely careful because not only are people combating traditional crimes but cyber-crimes as well. Cyber-crimes are the newest and most complicated crimes for the new century. A cyber crime is an individual conducting actions such as disrupting communications and devices, disrupting networks, Internet, and telephone; both landlines and mobile. Individuals of various ages are committing cyber crimes because these types’ crimes are easier to commit than the traditional kidnapping, murder, or human trafficking. According to Parthasarati (n. d.), cyber criminals fall into one of four categories or groups including children and adolescents between ages six to 18, organized hackers, professional hackers/crackers, and the discontent employee(s). The child or adolescent will partake in such behaviors to prove his or her self superior or outstanding over other individual in his or her age group. The organized hacker will want to fulfill objectives such as political bias and fundamentalism to name a couple. The professional...
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...methodologies used, and the areas of concentration. Information security is concerned with the confidentiality, integrity and availability of data regardless of the form the data may take: electronic, print, or other forms. Governments, military, financial institutions, hospitals, and private businesses amass a great deal of confidential information about their employees, customers, products, research, and financial status. Most of this information is now collected, processed and stored on electronic computers and transmitted across networks to other computers. Should confidential information about a businesses customers or finances or new product line fall into the hands of a competitor, such a breach of security could lead to lost business, law suits or even bankruptcy of the business. Protecting confidential information is a business requirement, and in many cases also an ethical and legal requirement. For the individual, information security has a significant effect on Privacy, which is viewed very differently in different cultures. The field of information security has grown and evolved significantly in recent years. As a career choice there are many ways of gaining entry into the field. It offers many areas for specialization including Information Systems Auditing, Business Continuity Planning and Digital Forensics...
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...Need of Cyber Crime Law In India Abstract A Cyber space is a virtual space that has become as important as real space for business, education and politics. The growing danger from crimes committed against computers, or against information on computers, is beginning to claim attention in the India. The digital age has dramatically changed the scope of a crime by adding the electronic component and it comes a new form of science ≴Computer Forensic Science≵. Computer Forensic allows for the evidence of cyber crime to be admissible in court when prosecuting the cyber criminal. In most countries, existing laws are likely to be unenforceable against such crime. Cyber laws, as it stand today, gives rise to both positive & negative consequences. The main negative consequences is the digital soup so vague that many refer to it as the dark sides of technology and that cyber criminal currently have upper hand. The applicability and effectiveness of our existing laws need to be constantly reviewed to face the risk coming from the cyber world. In this paper we are going to firstly describe the computer forensic, cyber crimes, cyber laws of nation & technology challenges. Aim of this paper is to act as a catalyst to raise awareness regarding computer forensic which continues to grow as one of the most important branch of science and help in investigation of cyber crime which continues to grow as one of the most potent threats to the Internet and computer users of the cyber society of...
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...Efficiencies of Cyber law in Bangladesh জুন 26, 2011 0 inShare Technology is getting more frequently used and seems like a blessing going cover Bangladesh. But sometimes we can see some bad- naughty peoples use the same technology to make crime in the cyber area. As well as day by day Cyber crimes are increasing in the world as well as our country. Therefore in Bangladesh a bundle of laws has been enacted to protect the people. Cyber law in Bangladesh In the Information Communication Technology Act of Bangladesh does not define what the Cyber law by any section is. But Cyber laws are contained in the Information and Communication Technology Act, 2006. Therefore this Act provide the legal infrastructure for e-commerce others legal solution relating with cyber crime in Bangladesh. The said Act enable (a) Legal recognition of electronic transaction, (b) Legal recognition of digital signature, (c) Acceptance to con- tract expressed by electronic means, (d) e-commerce and electronic form, (f) publication of official gazette in the electronic form, (g) prevention of computer crime, forged electronic records, international alteration of electronic records fraud, forgery or falsification in e-commerce and electronic transaction, (h) and others solutions of the crime relation with information Communication Technology. Objectives of the ICT Act, 2006 The objectives of the ICT Act, 2006 has been provided following purposes such as To smooth the progress of electronic filing of documents...
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...Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Definition of Cyber Crime The internet in Bangladesh is growing rapidly. It has given rise to new opportunities in every field we can think of – be it entertainment, business, sports or education. There are two sides to a coin. Internet also has its own disadvantages. One of the major disadvantages is Cyber crime – illegal activity committed on the internet. The internet, along with its advantages, has also exposed us to security risks that come with connecting to a large network. Computers today are being misused for illegal activities like e-mail espionage, credit card fraud, spams, and software piracy and so on, which invade our privacy and offend our senses. “The modern thief can steal more with a computer than with a gun. Tomorrow's terrorist may be able to do more damage with a keyboard than with a bomb”. The term ‘cyber crime’ has been evolved from two words ‘cyber’ and ‘crime’. ‘Crime’ is more or less known to each individual on his own stand point, while ‘cyber’ is almost vague in meaning to the same. So if any time anybody uses the prefix ‘cyber’, we simply mean, he is talking about something is doing online or there has certain networking system. Actually anything related to Internet falls under the cyber category. Computer crime or cyber crime is a form of crime where the Internet or computers are used as a medium to commit crime. Issues surrounding this type of crime have become...
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...Applications (IJNCAA) 2(1): 127-137 The Society of Digital Information and Wireless Communications, 2012 (ISSN: 2220-9085) Cyber Forensics: Computer Security and Incident Response Virginiah Sekgwathe1, Mohammad Talib2 1 Directorate on Corruption and Economic Crime, Gaborone, BOTSWANA veesek@gmail.com 2 Department of Computer Science, University of Botswana, BOTSWANA talib@mopipi.ub.bw ABSTRACT The intensification of Information and Communications Technology usage in all facets of life exceedingly amplify the incidents of information security policy breaches, cyber crimes, fraud, commercial crimes, cyber laundering etc, hence require a well developed approach to tackle these incidents in order to realize legally defensible digital evidence. Since electronic evidence is fragile and can easily be modified, finding this data, collecting, preserving, and presenting it properly in a court of law is the real challenge. There is a need for use of semantic analysis to discover underlying security policy requirements and internal power structures and institutionalization of anti cyber attack, antimoney-laundering and regulatory schemes. The first responders to cyber security incidents often than always are an organization ICT personnel who are technically sound though may be deficient in investigative skill. The scientific standards of cyber forensics dictates the procedure as it promotes objectivity, a precise and well documented analysis, particularly...
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...Cyber-Crime Article Analysis Team D June 12, 2013 CJA/394 Cyber-Crime Article Analysis Cyber-crime is an increasing type of crime locally and globally. Cyber-crime is defined as, “criminal activity or a crime that involves the Internet, a computer system, or computer technology,” ("Cyber-crime," 2012). Law enforcement, courts, and corrections are affected in different ways by cyber-crimes. Law enforcement faces issues with cyber-crime, such as privacy, confidentiality, determining the location the crime initiated, and locating the perpetrator(s). Courts face issues, such as loss of evidence and loop holes in laws. Correctional facilities face internal cyber-crimes and overcrowding as a result of cyber-crimes. The following information will discuss the issues within each division of the criminal justice system and provide remedy recommendations. The information will conclude with an analysis of global crime. Cyber-crime and Law Enforcement Cyber crime has made a major impact on the law enforcement it has not only given them more things to have to worry about but also has helped them to solve and organize crime better. The internet has changed so many things about this world, from how we purchase things, how we keep in touch with one another, and of course how some can conduct crime. Not only can a criminal stalk someone, but they can also stalk that person’s child, especially at sites like Face Book. A Hacker...
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...use, texting and social media websites, cyberbullying is on the rise. Parents need to listen to their children when a child opens up to them. Even though sometimes it is hard to even open up to their parents, children need that open environment and discuss what is going on in their life. Suicide in children and teenagers that are cyberbullied are on the rise and we need to assist them and resort to legal action. Schools need to teach students about cyberbullying can hurt and help put a stop to it and hold cyberbullies accountable for their infractions on innocent people. Educating students about cyberbullying, demonstares how it hurts, prohibiting cell phones on school grounds and taking away the do make it to school grounds will help the school. Lawmakers are in the process of creating more serious and stricter laws against the person and persons doing the bullying. Many states and cities are also creating laws and punishments for people who do such a crime. These people need to be more seriously punished in order to learn how seriously they have hurt the person being bullied. Cyberbullying is hurtful and growing trend that schools everywhere need to get more involved to help put a stop to it. There are many stories of cyber bullying that go to far and sometimes have teenagers committing suicide to escape their torment. Rachael Neblett, a seventeen-year old high school student from Kentucky, took her life October 9, 2006: [She] began receiving threatening emails through her...
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...Rising Cyber Terrorism and Role of Law in India Abstract: This paper makes an attempt to realize how cyber-crime and the measures to contain it are implemented in India. With the rise of global terrorism, terrorists are more inclined to use the vast internet for their nefarious activities. Something that they can accomplish without them physically being present and having the assurance of not being caught has promoted this form of terrorism all the more. In this paper an attempt has been made to understand cyber-terrorism, its various facets and also the laws and legislations in our country that inhibit such acts of terror. Introduction: The separation between the real world and virtual world is vanishing. The dependence of life on computers has increased high level. This dependency is used by the terrorists to their advantage by the use of internet. There are several types of cyber-crimes, such as Cyber Theft, Cyber Trespass, Cyber Stalking, Cyber Pornography, Cyber laundering, Cyber Theft, Cyber Vandalism and Cyber Terrorism, but the most threatening and dangerous are ones the that come under the category of the term cyber terrorism. Techno legal experts of India have been warning against growing incidences of cyber-attacks, cyber-crimes, cyber espionages, etc....
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...Introduction Cyber Stalking is defined as a distinctive form of criminal activity composed of a series of actions that is taken individually might form an illegal behavior. (The free dictionary , 2013-2015). In this report I’m going to discuss about the history and background of Cyber Stalking and how did it grow and developed, moreover about the present situation of Cyber Stalking and the illustration, in addition of some of the Federal laws that deal with online stalking. History/background There is lack of information on the history of Cyber Stalking, but it is very evident that inception cyber stalking possibility of stalking on the internet is very real (Pittaro, 2007). Growth and development Cyber stalking has increased over the years with the growth of new technology, and the new ways of stalking victims have invented. For instance, a disgruntled employee is easily poses on their boss on social network sites and post messages that explicit: We have the spouse that uses the GPS to track the movements of their better half. It is obvious that even the police are not safe from this crime as we have gang members or other organized criminals finding the addresses of police officers from the internet and threaten them (Sankary, 2006)...
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