...current relevance of students’ understanding management history. Design/methodology/approach – A review of representative classic theorists with an eye toward matching their behavior to that of current newsmakers. This is presented in a model to insure that like areas are compared. Findings – The past is in the present. Although we may live in the day of “enlightened” “collaborative” management; there are still successful people who operate differently. Practical implications – Readers of the paper will be able to make immediate application of the model. Originality/value – Even presentation of the obvious has value. The model format is a dynamic document that others can use and improve upon. Keywords Management history, Management theory Paper type General review ˆ Plus ca change, plus c’est la meme chose. The more things change, the more they stay ¸ the same. Whatever the intended interpretation, this well-known phrase communicates the idea that the past serves as an accurate prologue and interpreter for the present as well as the future. Plutarch, centuries ago, observed: To make no mistakes is not in the power of man; but from their errors and mistakes the wise and good learn wisdom for the future. Journal of Management History Vol. 12 No. 3, 2006 pp. 278-292 q Emerald Group Publishing Limited 1751-1348 DOI 10.1108/17511340610670188 Within the context of business, it could be theorized, that the essence of this statement might hold the much-needed...
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...components which encompass decision making within nursing practice. Cullum et al (2007) identifies four requirements:-Clinical experience, valid researched evidence, available resources and lastly but no less important the patient preferences and experiences. The area of clinical practice to be studied is within a community district nursing team consisting of 7 qualified nurses and 3 health care assistants. The location is situated within a seaside town with a large population of over 65 year olds. Through clinical experience, the author has found a flaw in quality of care when nursing staff are using the overview assessment document which has been adapted from the single assessment process produced by the Department of Health (DOH, 2002). When assessing nutrition there is a series of six questions and an asterisk to consider the “Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool” (MUST, 2003) however experience in practice would suggest the tool (MUST, 2003) isn't used and a local unknown screening tool is used on some rare occasions. The author feels management of these vulnerable patients is lacking and in order to improve patient care a clarification of guidance and service change maybe required. Exploring Cullum's (2007) theory of decision making, the author needs to justify the service change with valid researched evidence. As a nurse in practice it can be...
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...conference on which this volume is based—including the editors— decided to use the terms "social change" and "modernity" as the organizing concepts for this project. Because these terms enjoy wide usage in contemporary sociology and are general and inclusive, they seem preferable to more specific terms such as "evolution" "progress," "differentiation," or even "development," many of which evoke more specific mechanisms, processes, and directions of change. Likewise, we have excluded historically specific terms such as "late capitalism" and "industrial society" even though these concepts figure prominently in many of the contributions to this volume. The conference strategy called for a general statement of a metaframework for the study of social change within which a variety of more specific theories could be identified. 2. Theories of Social Change Change is such an evident feature of social reality that any social-scientific theory, whatever its conceptual starting point, must sooner or later address it. At the same time it is essential to note that the ways social change has been identified have varied greatly in the history of thought. Furthermore, conceptions of change appear to have mirrored the historical ―2― realities of different epochs in large degree. In his essay...
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...EVOLUTION AND SELF-INTEREST Richard Dawkins argues that at its most fundamental level, the genetic level, life is self-interested.1 Genes do only one thing; they replicate themselves. These replicators reside in and are carried around by biological vehicles (trees, animals, humans, fungus, etc.). The resources that support these biological vehicles are finite, so the process of life has become a competition among genes to create vehicles that can successfully compete for limited resources and survive to pass on their genetic code. Dawkins coined the term ‘selfish gene’ to emphasize the single, focused object of a gene’s existence. What he means is that the sole purpose of a gene is to make copies of itself using the Darwinian selection process; very selfishly ignoring the consequences this pursuit may have on other living entities. Self-interest is a requirement for survival. This does not mean, of course, that animals and humans cannot be altruistic sometimes, in certain activities.2 It does mean that no living entity can survive for long if it is only purely altruistic. On the other hand, survival is not necessarily jeopardized when an organism is purely self-interested. Altruism, in the absence of self-interest, is not evolutionarily stable in the biological world; it leads to extinction. It is for this reason that all extant life forms must be selfish. Humans, like all creatures, are self-interested; not because it is good to be selfish but because we would not be here if...
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...journals are peer-reviewed, checked for factuality, consistency, citing relevant work, and drawing appropriate conclusions supported by the data. The concept of profesional journal as a means of developing reflective practice has become a popular topic in classrooms, professional journals, conferences, and continuing education programs (Boud & Walker, 1998). Many other names for profesional journal appear in nursing literature, including log, journaling, narrative pedagogy, dialogue journals, reflective practice, and reflective writing. Whatever people says, reflective profesional journal requires writing, a great deal of it. However, journals are an integral part of the teaching/learning in many nursing programs as well as in allied health programs and education in general. The purpose of this essay is to review the literature related to profesional journal and reflective practice and how it can be beneficial in the teaching/learning process. Reflective practice is a means of self-examination that involves looking back over what has happened in practice in an effort to improve performance or to encourage professional growth (Ruth-Sahd, 2003). Profesional journal is a method that is frequently used in nursing education as an active learning technique to enhance reflective practice. Why is reflective practice so important? The literature cites numerous reasons for utilizing profesional journal/reflective practice...
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...Background Information 13 Theoretical Framework 14 Green Marketing 15 Environmental management 15 Why green marketing? 17 Marketing defined and corporate social responsibility 22 What is Green Marketing? 25 Green marketing strategies 28 Implications for organisations 30 Green Consumerism 34 Consumer behaviour research 35 The green consumer 38 The green buying process 41 Influences on purchase and consumption decisions 47 Global Warming and the Impacts of Climate Change 49 Human caused global warming 49 The impacts of climate change 50 The opposition to human caused global warming 52 Background Information 53 British Airways 54 Past and present 54 Carbon Offsetting 55 Datamonitor’s SWOT analysis 58 The British Green Consumers 59 Perception and Attitudes in Relation to the Environment 59 Information on the environment 62 Solutions to environmental problems 65 SWOT Analysis 67 Strengths 68 Weaknesses 71 Opportunities 73 Threats 75 Conclusion 76 List of Literature 78 List of Websites 80 Summary 81 Appendix 82 Introduction “During humankind’s recorded history, extensive and sophisticated consumption systems have evolved to meet the needs of the earth’s human population […] But with world population now estimated at approximately 6.0 billion and expected to surge to between...
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...Background Information 13 Theoretical Framework 14 Green Marketing 15 Environmental management 15 Why green marketing? 17 Marketing defined and corporate social responsibility 22 What is Green Marketing? 25 Green marketing strategies 28 Implications for organisations 30 Green Consumerism 34 Consumer behaviour research 35 The green consumer 38 The green buying process 41 Influences on purchase and consumption decisions 47 Global Warming and the Impacts of Climate Change 49 Human caused global warming 49 The impacts of climate change 50 The opposition to human caused global warming 52 Background Information 53 British Airways 54 Past and present 54 Carbon Offsetting 55 Datamonitor’s SWOT analysis 58 The British Green Consumers 59 Perception and Attitudes in Relation to the Environment 59 Information on the environment 62 Solutions to environmental problems 65 SWOT Analysis 67 Strengths 68 Weaknesses 71 Opportunities 73 Threats 75 Conclusion 76 List of Literature 78 List of Websites 80 Summary 81 Appendix 82 Introduction “During humankind’s recorded history, extensive and sophisticated consumption systems have evolved to meet the needs of the earth’s human population […] But with world population now estimated at approximately 6.0 billion and expected to surge to between...
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...Philosophy and Design Pieter E. Vermaas • Peter Kroes Andrew Light • Steven A. Moore Philosophy and Design From Engineering to Architecture Pieter E. Vermaas Delft University of Technology Delft the Netherlands Andrew Light University of Washington Seattle USA Peter Kroes Delft University of Technology Delft the Netherlands Steven A. Moore University of Texas Austin USA ISBN 978-1-4020-6590-3 e-ISBN 978-1-4020-6591-0 Library of Congress Control Number: 2007937486 © 2008 Springer Science + Business Media B.V. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Printed on acid-free paper. 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springer.com Contents List of Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Design in Engineering and Architecture: Towards an Integrated Philosophical Understanding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Peter Kroes, Andrew Light, Steven A. Moore, and Pieter E. Vermaas Part I Engineering Design ix 1 Design, Use, and the Physical and Intentional Aspects of Technical Artifacts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
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...Austria Stefan.mayr@jku.at Keywords: Corporate responsibility, corporate restructuring, enterprise crisis, bankruptcy 1238 Abstract Discourse regarding ethics and corporate responsibility arose in the last years linked with an increasing number of accounting fraud scandals. The recent financial crisis has had a lasting negative influence on corporate profits. Companies have had to satisfy the interests of several stakeholders, such as its employees, banks, customers and the community, and at the same time successfully manage the consequences of the crisis. An empirical qualitative study which was conducted in Austria in 2008 is presented in this paper aimed at investigating business ethics and crisis management. The stakeholder theory will be used as a reference framework. This paper concludes with lessons that can be learned and political recommendations and policies put forth to grant failed businesses a second chance. 1. Introduction In the past few years, an increasing number of fraud cases and accounting scandals is linked to fierce discourse with respect to ethics and corporate accountability. Business ethics has likewise become a current research subject in science (Homan/Lütge, 2005; VHB, 2008). Discussions concerning corporate responsibility can be examined from different standpoints such as theological, philosophical or economical perspectives, and moreover it is examined in diverse cultural contexts, for instance in the USA and Europe. Business ethics...
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...other colors).1 However, it has become increasingly apparent in recent years that a commitment to the relationality of colors bears interest that goes beyond dispositionalism (Cohen, 2004; Matthen, 1999, 2001, 2005; Thompson, 1995).2 Accordingly, it is an important project for those interested in the metaphysics of color to sort through and assess different forms of color relationalism. There is, however, a powerful and general cluster of objections that has been thought by many to amount to a decisive refutation of any and all forms of color relationalism. Although this idea has been developed in a number of ways, the basic thought is that relationalism — qua theory of color — is at odds with the manifest evidence of color phenomenology, and that this clash between theory and data should be resolved by giving up the theory.3 ∗ The material in this paper overlaps with parts of chapter 6 of my forthcoming book, The Red and the Real: An Essay on Color Ontology. I am grateful to members of the audience at SPAWN, where a version of this paper was presented, and particularly to Bence Nanay, David Chalmers, Andr´ Gallois, and Brian McLaughlin, for extremely useful criticism and advice that has improved e the paper considerably. † Department of Philosophy, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0119, joncohen@aardvark.ucsd.edu 1 Many find versions of this position in the writings of Galileo, Boyle, Newton, and Locke. More recently, forms...
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...“SCIENCE FICTION OR SCIENCE FACT” ARE WHITES INHERENTLY MORE INTELLIGENT THAN BLACKS ? ( Delroy Constantine-Simms University of Essex (UK) & Marciea Monique McMillian University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (USA) ABSTRACT The publication of Hernstein & Murray’s (1994) “The Bell Curve” appears to be the latest expression of pseudo scientific theories with respect to race and intelligence. This paper gives an historical and ideological insight behind the development and application of intelligence tests by citing examples of their impact on legislation, social policy and intervention programmes in relation to Blacks. More importantly, a discussion of cultural bias in test design focuses on the response of Black psychologists who developed Black intelligence tests that portray whites as intellectually inferior in the same manner that Blacks are portrayed as intellectually inferior on tests devised by white psychologist. Furthermore, The hereditary perspective of intelligence is challenged by empirical evidence that centres on children with white ancestry to assess whether white genes influence intelligence while citing several sources that support the environmental explanation of the race gap in test scores. Consequently, this discussion questions the reliability and validity of intelligence tests that are used to reinforce the Black intellectual inferiority myth. The conclusive argument suggests in no uncertain terms that the Bell Curve is nothing more than the repackaging...
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...employee behavior. Furthermore, the results point out that core values internally indicate how the vision is to be achieved and that the vision may be more useful as a management tool than internal branding tool. Subcultures appear to be present in all three cases and the results suggest that corporate brands are strengthened by internalizing a main corporate culture which allows cultural interpretations within subcultures and by assuring that subcultures co-exist in harmony. Internal communication seems to support corporate and internal branding by applying a pull-principle in communications, creating forums for personal interaction and facilitating employees’ information search and processing. In terms of human resourcecontributions to brand building, practices such as recruitment, phasing in of new employees, internalization of core values among current employees and internal brand evaluations are put forward. Moreover, two additional concepts of importance in corporate and internal branding were found: acknowledgment and involvement. A total of 14 propositions of how internal branding practices contribute to corporate brand success, summarized in a holistic model, are presented. Keywords: Internal branding, corporate brand success, corporate branding, human resource management Author: Marjam Malmberg (21104) Tutor: Professor Björn Axelsson...
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...Nafukho Received 2 February 2011 Revised 18 August 2011 Accepted 7 October 2011 Department of Educational Administration and Human Resource Development, College of Education and Human Development, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA Abstract Purpose – The use of teams in organizations given the current trend toward globalization, population changes, and an aging workforce, especially in high-income countries, makes the issue of diverse team building critical. The purpose of this paper is to explore the issue of team diversity and team performance through the examination of theory and empirical research. Specifically, the paper seeks to answer the question: “How might individuals with diverse characteristics such as culture, age, work experience, educational background, aptitude and values, become successful team members?”. Design/methodology/approach – A review of theories that are pertinent to individual differences and team formation, including social identity theory, mental models, inter contact theory, social comparison theory, and chaos theory, was conducted. Team formation and diversity literature were reviewed to identify ways of developing diverse and effective teams. Findings – It is a truism that working together in teams is a smart way of achieving organizational performance goals. This paper discusses the theories, research and practices that underlie the development of efficient and effective teams. It demonstrates that recognizing the...
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...Booker, John Galvin and Nichole Pelak for their helpful research assistance. The Harvard Business School, the University of Michigan Business School, and the Aspen Institute’s Initiative for Social Innovation through Business provided invaluable support for this project. Misery Loves Companies: Whither Social Initiatives by Business? Abstract Companies are increasingly being asked to provide innovative solutions to deep-seated problems of human misery. Organization and management scholarship can play an important role in understanding and guiding possible corporate responses. Theory and research to date have sought to reconcile possible corporate responses with economic premises about the purpose of the firm. Our goals in this paper are to reorient the debate and to spark new research about social initiatives by business. Acknowledging that firms already make such investments, we try to stimulate a fresh agenda for organizational scholarship in three ways. First, we depict the hold that economic reasoning has had on how organization theory conceives of the relationship between the firm and society. Second, we examine the consequences of this...
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...CRIME, PROCEDURE AND EVIDENCE IN A COMPARATIVE AND INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT This book aims to honour the work of Professor Mirjan Damaška, Sterling Professor of Law at Yale Law School and a prominent authority for many years in the fields of comparative law, procedural law, evidence, international criminal law and Continental legal history. Professor Damaška’s work is renowned for providing new frameworks for understanding different legal traditions. To celebrate the depth and richness of his work and discuss its implications for the future, the editors have brought together an impressive range of leading scholars from different jurisdictions in the fields of comparative and international law, evidence and criminal law and procedure. Using Professor Damaška’s work as a backdrop, the essays make a substantial contribution to the development of comparative law, procedure and evidence. After an introduction by the editors and a tribute by Harold Koh, Dean of Yale Law School, the book is divided into four parts. The first part considers contemporary trends in national criminal procedure, examining cross-fertilisation and the extent to which these trends are resulting in converging practices across national jurisdictions. The second part explores the epistemological environment of rules of evidence and procedure. The third part analyses human rights standards and the phenomenon of hybridisation in transnational and international criminal law. The final part of the book assesses Professor...
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