...Esther Faith B. Montilla BS PSYCHOLOGY-II Freud : Psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud is considered to be the father of psychology by his supporters and his adversaries. Many may choose to disagree with his theories but none would deny that it raised interest, controversy, discussions, research and more theories. Many of Freud’s theories are perceived to be appalling in today’s society but especially so for his generation. His theories were enormously influential, but subject to considerable criticism both now and during his own life. Sample of these major theories are The Conscious and Unconscious Mind in which Freud believed that behavior and personality derives from the constant and unique interaction of conflicting psychological forces that operate at three different levels of awareness which are the preconscious, the conscious, and the unconscious. The Id, Ego and Superego which states that personality is composed of three elements which are known to be the id, ego and superego. Psychosexual Development which describes how personality develops during childhood. Defense Mechanisms or ways that we protect ourselves from things that we don't want to think about or deal with. Freudian Slips which is a verbal or memory mistake that is believed to be linked to the unconscious mind. And the Interpretation of Dreams in which Freud explained that our dreams have manifest content which refers to the surface meaning or the conscious description and the latent content which refers...
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...Psychology 101 When I chose to tale a psychology class, I had no idea of the journey I was about to embark. Or the things I would learn about myself and others. If you asked me what psychology means to me, I would respond with the study of the mind, its processes, and behaviors. But that answer is only the tip of the iceberg and psychology is so much more. Yes, it has to do with the mind and the brain, but there are more disciplines that make up psychology. These disciplines are explained more in detail through theories. Developmental theories introduce principles that affect individual’s development (Gerrig & Zimbardo, 2010). Psychoanalytical theories study age-related changes that result from conflicts at certain stages of life (Gerrig & Zimbardo, 2010). Cognitive theories study a person’s action in response to the environment and the changes it brings. Learning theories believe the environment shapes an individual. Biological theories focus more on the body’s structure and composition to explain behavior and mental processes (Gerrig & Zimbardo, 2010). This includes explaining our senses and perception of how we take in the world around us. Intelligence is also studied and offers some insight that each individual is unique in their abilities and talents. Memory allows us to store, retrieve and remember experiences and events. Emotions are the links between our mind and body processes. Personality theories suggest each individual different from the next with traits...
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...Integrative Approaches to Psychology and Christianity Liberty University Summary David Entwistle’s (2010) book, Integrative approaches to psychology and Christianity: An introduction to worldview issues, philosophical foundations, and models of integration, opens the reader’s eyes to unexpected possibilities, beginning with the often combative regimes of faith and reason using Tertullian’s symbolism of Athens as the seat of reason and Jerusalem as the seat of faith; which is the basic ongoing battle between science and religion (Entwistle, 2010). What Entwistle addresses is his belief that integration of the disciple of psychology and Christianity is possible, each contributing to the whole allowing effective therapy, where the therapist becomes a type of shepherd that invites the client into the goodness of God and introduces Christ as his savior. Psychology attempts to understand, describe, and diagnose human behavior but Christian theology seeks to understand “what it means to be human” (Entwistle, 2010, p. 3). In the end Entwistle (2010) reoccurring theme throughout the book is that this integration is possible because “all truth is God’s truth” (p. 13). All the reasoning, precise measurements, and descriptives of psychology are possible because of God’s work in creation. Entwistle expands on the concept of worldviews and how each individual interprets everything around them. Each person will search for the truth but it will be biased according to the individual’s worldview...
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...What is Psychology? In my research of Psychology and its meaning I have come up with many definitions. To sum all of the definitions into one it's the study ones feelings, thoughts, and their way of thinking and using all of there senses rather its cognitive, physical, or mental. Some other questions that came to mind during my research are what is normal psychology and what is abnormal psychology? What is normal psychology? Most people consider one to be normal if they seem to have no problems physically or mentally. Are you O.K. the way you are? Should you be different? Most of us tend to roles that are acceptable behavior in society. Society expects us all to play certain roles. Health and science guide says that normality is only questioned when there is a conflict between roles. Why do we conform to these roles? We do it because in most societies, including ours, there are rewards for conformity. People tend to treat us with respect when we play roles that others are comfortable with. What is abnormal psychology? I think it could be the study of mental illness as some journals stated. Overall it's the study of mental illnesses and of how people with mental illnesses can be treated. Stated in Health and Science guide mental illness is a much-debated topic in the world of psychology to which a lot of research is still needed. Problems usually come up when people try to define what is normal. Sigmund Freud was considered to be the...
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...Approaches to Psychology and Christianity allowed me to understand the past occurrences of psychology and theology. The book displayed the religion and confidence that psychology and Christianity should combine for it to possess a higher understanding and permitting the client a higher probability of healing. So as to do this there should be an entire understanding of every element in and of itself. Entwistle’s (2010) book presented all the facts from history as it has formed society these days. As he mentioned these historic events, it shows simply how the knowledge today may be a reflection or reaction of what happened then. Christianity has invariably had an enormous impact on world history and the way the planet is viewed. The author makes it clear that God offers humans reality and honesty in His Word. When consideration of his works is given his Word has begun to demonstrate an impact on the planet. The Word of God is the Bible that God created as a guide to living life in the way that God designed to be the best for humankind. Theology and Psychology do not appear to be to be compatible however they are similar when it involves the appreciation and comprehension that enables a person's life to be meaningful. The planet is filled with individuals that have many abilities to share. God created us in his image therefore that makes each of us distinctive in our own sense. We all have things of our own to share and contribute to the world around us. Theology and Psychology are earnestly...
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...A 4 MAT Review of Integrative Approaches to Psychology and Christianity Liberty University Summary Entwistle’s book, Integrative Approaches to Psychology and Christianity, discusses the historical background of psychology, religion, and the tension that is often associated when trying to blend the two. According to Entwistle, “psychology utilizes reason and observation of nature as its primary source,” whereas “theology utilizes Scripture as its primary source” (p. 135). Psychology and Christianity are discussed under five models of integration within the text. These models are Enemies, Spies, Colonists, Neutral Parties, and Allies. The Enemies model pits psychology and theology against one another. One either chooses the scientific path of psychology or goes the spiritual route with theology to solve a problem. There is no room to integrate the two. People who follow this model are either spiritual or scientific. They do not believe the two are intertwined. Entwistle further divides the Enemies into Secular Combatants, who embrace psychology without any religious authority, and the Christian Combatants, who embrace religious authority and work to protect it from human interference (Entwistle, p. 138). The Spies model recognizes the benefits of religion and Scripture but does not seek to integrate the religious aspect into psychology. If religion does try to play a part, it is reduced to the most minimalist form. Therefore, the therapist may recognize his or...
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...Analyzing Human Behavior from a Social Psychological Perspective Social psychology is the study of human behavior in the social situations. There are many different topics that are studied by social psychologists. They can include different behaviors such as attitudes, aggression, prejudice, pro-social behavior and self-identity. The goal of social psychology is to study the behavior of individuals to learn more about how people form impressions of others, interpret the behavior of others and behave in social situations. Social psychology also looks at a range of social topics. Leadership, group behavior, social perception, nonverbal behavior, aggression and prejudice are to name a few. Social psychology is not just about looking at social influences. Social perception and social interaction are vital to understanding social behavior. Social Psychology began to become more to the forefront after World War II. Other events just after like the Holocaust for example, caused Psychologists to start to ask themselves the effects of society on human behavior, according to an article by, Kendra Cherry titled, “What is Psychology?” (Cherry, 2012) The term social psychology was first used in the 1860’s. In 1908 the first textbooks on the subject were published. Floyd Allport in 1924 wrote a modern textbook and was regarded as the rebirth of social psychology. Kurt Lewin was called the father of social psychology. He was one of the first researchers to study organizational development...
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...Psychology surrounds us in every aspect of lives wether it be in a direct or indirect way. My study of psychology has allowed me to discover my abilities and interests into criminal behaviour and what influences us to behaviour or act in the way we do. Could it be learnt as part of our upbringing? Or is our future already determined for us before were even born? Psychology has altered the way I interpret peoples actions and understand that there is much more to a simple act that what may be being portrayed on the surface. I am very passionate about psychology and criminology and as a result would like to study it at degree level with the view to become a criminal psychologist. My interests in understanding the mind and behaviour has been enhanced by studying psychology at A level. During the studies of my AS and A2 levels I have explored many psychological topics including social, cognitive, physiological, individual differences and development modules. Psychology is such a broad subject which is very appealing to me because I am interested in many Fields of Psychology and I know the course will provide me with the knowledge I seek to learn. Alongside psychology I also wish to study criminology at university as a joint honours degree. I am particularly interested in the social and upbringing concept of psychology and looking at why people turn to crime. I am also especially intrigued into child psychology, young and sex offenders, it excites me to learn about these areas because...
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...Introduction Christian psychology and Christian counseling may appear contradictory at first. They take into account various perspectives of counseling to include biblical principles and modern psychology or the so-called secular psychology. Humanistic psychology believers have stated that mankind is the highest standard of all morality and truth. They, therefore, reject faith, the bible, and the supernatural. Christian psychology is man’s way of understanding and repairing their spiritual side synonymously with their real world issue. If we stayed true to the real meaning of psychology, for example in Greek, the word psyche means the study of man’s soul. It is only Christianity that has a clear insight of the spiritual realm. Example one The term healing means bringing the person into a proper relationship with the mental, spiritual and physical laws of God. Humans are formed in the image of God (Genesis 1:27), and must, therefore, recognize the significance of spiritual healing. As a counselor, it is important to note that God is a person; this teaching is well inculcated into Christianity. Our very own personhood is related to God’s personhood. It will help me to change how I think of other human persons, get a proper understanding of what it means to be human and my thoughts on personhood. To properly understand human personhood, I must note that God himself is the premier person; he is the chief and first exemplar of personhood. Understanding God means understanding the qualities...
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...freedom ordinary people have to decide who to be, what to do, and how to live. It is about giving people more freedom to live lives they value. In effect this means developing people’s abilities and giving them a chance to use them. Psychology is the study of mind and behavior. It is an academic discipline and an applied science which seeks to understand individuals and groups by establishing general principles and researching specific cases. There are thirteen major branches of psychology which are: * Abnormal Psychology - is the area that looks at psychopathology and abnormal behavior. * Behavioral Psychology - is a theory of learning based upon the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning. * Biopsychology - focused on the study of how the brain influences behavior. * Cognitive Psychology - is the branch of psychology that focuses on internal states, such as motivation, problem solving, decision-making, thinking and attention. * Comparative Psychology - concerned with the study of animal behavior. * Cross-Cultural Psychology - a branch of psychology that looks at how cultural factors influence human behavior. * Developmental Psychology - looks at development throughout the lifespan, from childhood to adulthood. * Educational Psychology - branch of psychology concerned with schools, teaching psychology, educational issues and student concerns. * Experimental Psychology - psychology that utilizes scientific methods to research...
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...Psychology has always been something I’ve been very intrigued in since I was about 12 or 13 years old. Although my parents told me one day when I was in kindergarten, they went in for a parent teacher conference and learned some very interesting news. It seemed my kindergarten teacher had already decided on an area of careers that I was going to pursue. When they began talking the first thing that she told them was, “ I can already tell just by watching Dylan this year so far that he will have a career with hands on social activity. He is not afraid to talk to anyone and always helps everyone when they are sad. He’s also very importunate as well.” I was repressed this story until I was about 16 because that was about the age I told my parents I want to do something with Psychology. I feel as though I am someone who’s very accost. I also watch a lot of criminal investigation shows as well, which helps with the forensic part of my pursued career. I usually can guess why the assumed killer committed the crime he or she convicted. I already know a decent amount of knowledge about...
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...calling to help others has lead me into an education concentrating on Human Services, Psychology, and Criminal Justice. When I started attending school, I hadn’t narrowed down what field I really wanted to focus on. The following two tables will show what classes I have taken as required for core classes as well as major specific classes. I have highlighted, in yellow, the top five most influential classes that have inspired me in one way or another. CORE CLASSES Lecture Project Discussion Field Work Experimentation Research Senior Seminar x The Ancient World x Intro to Literature of the New Testament x Spanish I x Statistics for Social Sciences x Lifetime Fitness and Wellness x Music Appreciation x National Government x Survey of Math w/ Applications x Analysis of Text x New Student Seminar x Environmental Science x Development of Civilization x Intro to Speech Communication x Business Math x Composition I x MAJOR Lecture Project Discussion Field Work Experimentation Research Personality Theory and Assessment x Women and Crime x Intro to Philosophy x Techniques of Individual and Group Counseling x Psychology and Religion x Human Sexuality x Internship x Counseling Theories x Human Development x Addictive Behaviors x Abnormal Psychology x Intro to Human Services x Psychology Intro to Sociology x ...
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...Integrative Approaches to Psychology and Christianity Liberty University LaTashia Moore Summary The book “Integrative Approaches to Psychology and Christianity” by David N. Entwistle tries to answer the question of how psychology and theology relate to each other. Though this is has been a heated debate throughout the years, Entwistle tries to show how they integrate with each other by showing how God designed both. Entwistle shows us how the world of psychology is looked at in the secular form as well as gives the reader a view from the Christian standpoint. Christian psychology is define “as a commitment to a Christian worldview that shapes how psychology is studied and applied, and that recognizes that there are specific Christian resources that uniquely reveal crucial aspects of what it means to be human” (Entwistle, 2010, p. 15). Entwistle introduces us to the virtues of honesty, humility, and respectfulness through epistemology. By using these virtues it will help us evaluate ourselves in order to better ourselves. Entwistle introduces us to his five models that show the relationship between psychology and theology. The five models are enemies, spies, colonialists, neutral parties, and allies as subjects of one sovereign. Those who follow the enemy model are those who take an either/or position on psychology versus theology (Entwistle, 2010). Spies are those who “are more interested in uncovering the psychology of the religious system rather than holding on to orthodox...
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...that did not understand nor fully accept the culture that I brought with me was not an easy adjustment. I always felt a bit lost and misunderstood, never really being able to celebrate my Punjabi heritage or the American culture. Holidays were especially hard because my family did not understand the traditional American holidays and we didn’t have an outlet to celebrate the holidays we did for the first 8 years of my life. It was hard finding a healthy balance. This all helped me to better understand culture in general. But, what is culture? More importantly what is its relationship to psychology? Culture is defined as a group of characteristics, behaviors, attitudes, values and customs that are particular to a group of people. “Behaviors must be judged according to cultural rules and ideologies or the judgment has no basis in the reality embraced by the culture” (Solomon, Greenberg, & Pyszczynski, 1991). Cultural Psychology deals with specific location, perceptive and beliefs of a culture that one has been raised in or is accustomed to. Cultural psychology looks at how factors of culture influence a person’s behavior. Cross Cultural Psychology, according to ‘Introduction to cross-cultural psychology’, “is the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes, including both their variability and invariance, under diverse cultural conditions.” (Alder & Gielen, 2001) Cross-Cultural psychology studies the “links between cultural norms and behaviors and the ways in...
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...The Dangers of Sexual Misconduct in the Field of Psychology Abstract The issues of sexual misconduct by individuals in the helping professions like psychology, where clinicians have direct contact and care with clients, has evolved over the years. The issues of dual-relationships with client and therapist, risk factors, and consequences that can happen when this happens and client based inappropriate behaviors that are directed toward clinicians will be addressed. These behaviors have created concern over the past two decades, some of the research completed on this issue in the form of surveys will be discussed. Codes of ethics and standards and a number of other factors that can be seen as unique in the helping professions due to working closely with clients will be addressed. Factors unique to the healthcare industry contribute to this problem and how personal biases, beliefs, and values will influence the current and future guidelines in the field of psychology and a future career in this field. The Dangers of Sexual Misconduct in the Field of Psychology The field of psychology for individuals who work directly with clients creates dynamics that can foster an environment for sexual harassment and other types of harassment in the form of intimidation or abuse of power. Professional counselors are entrusted to protect the welfare of their clients, if sexual conduct in the form of dual relationship or abuse of power occurs during these client therapist relationships...
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