...Ethics, n.d.). Telling lies is wrong even if the results are good according to deontologists. A virtue ethicist is someone who focuses on the decision to lie more than on the lie told in the first place. While virtue ethics are considered self-centered and they should not be used to guide our actions. These ethics will encourage people to get rid of bad habits and help develop new character traits. A virtue ethicist will in any instance worry less about the lie and think about the decision to lie or not, tells about someone’s character and morals. Lying could be based on a case by case situation, based on personal benefit, intentions and a group benefits from it (Virtue Ethic, n.d.). Following rules would be considered the use of deontology or duty ethics. Deontology approaches the ethics that judges morality based on how you adhere to a rule or rules (Davidson College, 2002). These rules are considered to be a point of contention and criticism in deontological ethics. All actions are judged on how they adhere to or lack, to an objective moral code of ethics. A deontologist will argue that lying is wrong, no matter the outcome that might happen from it (A Basic Introductory Essay, n.d.) Following universal norms that tell us what to do, how we need to behave, and lets us know the difference between right and wrong is what deontological ethics is all about. Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that states the correct avenue of action is one that...
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...LII. An Essay towards solving a Problem in the Doctrine of Chances. By the late Rev. Mr. Bayes, communicated by Mr. Price, in a letter to John Canton, M. A. and F. R. S. Dear Sir, Read Dec. 23, 1763. I now send you an essay which I have found among the papers of our deceased friend Mr. Bayes, and which, in my opinion, has great merit, and well deserves to be preserved. Experimental philosophy, you will find, is nearly interested in the subject of it; and on this account there seems to be particular reason for thinking that a communication of it to the Royal Society cannot be improper. He had, you know, the honour of being a member of that illustrious Society, and was much esteemed by many as a very able mathematician. In an introduction which he has writ to this Essay, he says, that his design at first in thinking on the subject of it was, to find out a method by which we might judge concerning the probability that an event has to happen, in given circumstances, upon supposition that we know nothing concerning it but that, under the same circumstances, it has happened a certain number of times, and failed a certain other number of times. He adds, that he soon perceived that it would not be very difficult to do this, provided some rule could be found, according to which we ought to estimate the chance that the probability for the happening of an event perfectly unknown, should lie between any two named degrees of probability, antecedently to any experiments made about it; and that...
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...”Liking Is for Cowards. Go for What Hurts” Focus points: congruence and working in quotes All over the world, the media is becoming a dominating part of people's everyday life. Pages such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Snapchat and so on are affecting the society. We replace the bad things in life with technology, and we do not realize it before there's nothing else left. The kids who grow up in this world are so easily affected. The media raise them. They're raised by the idea that likes and comments are the definition of their popularity and how likeable they are. This is also some of the topics Jonathan Franzen talks about in his essay: "Liking Is for Cowards. Go for What Hurts". In the essay by Jonathan Franzen, he passes through a lot of topics. He's very critical towards the technology, which has developed aggressively throughout the last couple of years. He uses a lot of experiences from his own life such as when he talks about his new Blackberry (s. 1, line 1-4). He also talks about how we all want to be likeable. We all want to be accepted and liked by everyone. But it is just not possible. We use the technology to hide behind. The world of liking becomes dominant and that takes out the meaning of loving someone. Because when you love someone, then you expose yourself, which makes you vulnerable. So we hide on the social medias. We do not expose ourselves, but we can portray ourselves just as we like on the media. No one needs to know all the bad stuff. ...
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...Introduction In the present essay, I am going to discuss the use of the flashback in Stage Fright by Alfred Hitchcock. As the flashback has an unusual use in the film and it one of the main elements in it, I am going to write about different elements as are the conventional use of the flashback trying to explain what is a flashback and another example of the use of it by Alfred Hitchcock. How is the flashback used in the film, with especial attention to the reliability, the length of the lie and how the flashback constructs the plot of the film. In the third part of the essay I am going to explain how is the flashback supported during the film, based it in the use of the music, the role of the character of Charlotte Inwood as a femme fatale...
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...Liking is for cowards. Go for what hurts Jonathan Franzen, an American novelist and essayist, wrote the essay “Liking is for cowards. Go for what hurts” in The New York Times in 2011. Franzen’s essay is mainly about the increasing relationship between humans and technology, where he criticizes the development of the narcissism in the modern time. He writes about how to love and like in real life and in consumer technology. Franzen begins the essay with his own example of his relationship to his old smartphone and his new one. He describes his own addiction to the new Blackberry and he “wanted to keep fondling” the new blackberry even though he didn’t have anybody to reach. He finds safety in the smartphone because it won´t hurt you and it’s always available and writes that the “beloved object asks for nothing and gives everything, instantly, and makes us feel powerful, and doesn’t throw terrible scenes when it’s replaced by an even sexier object.” ll.49-53. Franzen describes therefore his blackberry as a girlfriend. But vanity has become more popular these days and the term “liking “ someone’s picture or status on Facebook is stated as “commercial culture’s substitute for loving” (ll.84-84), and is a superficial way of saying that you “like” the person. Franzen writes that we can form our own lives through the media and make it more interesting for others to see and he blames it because of its increasing narcissism and the fakeness of “liking”. But as I mentioned before, this...
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...today and also complete the following: What happens when a prisoner is released from the den and “compelled to look straight at the light?” What does the prisoner see when he is returns to the cave? What does he then feel about reality? What happens when a prisoner is released from the den and “compelled to look straight at the light?” What does the prisoner see when he returns to the cave? What does he then feel about reality? When the prisoner leaves the cave and looks straight into the light, he is left blind by the extreme brightness of it. However, after a while, he gets accustomed to the light, and he realizes that the world of shadows in which he had lived his whole life was a mere imitation of reality. Consequently, when he returned to the cave, he has not used to the darkness anymore and his peers...
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...Why or Why not is it acceptable to lie to children? By Gregory Bryant Most people when asked is it ok to lie to children would say, “of course, they don’t know the difference” and then leave it there. Think back to when you were a child and your parents told you that a man in a red suit named Santa Clause came down your chimney on Christmas and brought you presents if you were good. The agenda behind this lie was so that you would be good. Adults use lies for various reasons. Sometimes it’s so you don’t have to face consequences. Other times it’s to invoke a specific behavior. In the case of “Salvation” by Langston Hughes, lying to the children by telling “them they would see a light and something would happen to them inside wasn’t meant to be literal but was meant to evoke a response of willingness to come to God. Some parents feel that it’s not ok to lie to children. They believe a child should know truth as soon as they can distinguish right from wrong, good from bad, and fantasy from reality. This would bring the child into adulthood sooner and gives them a more realistic view of the world. In the case of Santa Clause, parents will tell their children that there is no Santa Clause, that its mommy and daddy who bring presents to you and that Christmas is not really about gifts as much as it is about the birth of Christ. Parents will save the child from seeing the holiday as a financial endeavor and see the holiday as a religious or spiritual holiday thus detaching the...
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...ENGLISH ESSAY The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-time is a postmodern novel about a mathematician whose defining characteristic is inability to empathize. In the novel, Haddon’s perspective on communication/truth is that it is subjective and can be difficult. The self-reflexivity inherent in the novel gives readers an insight into the working of the mindset we would otherwise be strange and empathetic of. Therefore, the distinctive features including subjectivity and difficulty about communication/truth are conveyed throughout the novel. Christopher’s condition causes him to see the world in an uncommon way, and much of the novel allows the reader to share Christopher’s unique perspective. To take one example, he tells us about the trouble he has recognizing facial expressions and the difficulty he had as a child understanding how other people respond to a given situation, explaining his preference for being alone that we see throughout the novel. In this way both difficulty and pain are subjective. The use of anaphora when Christopher says “And father said, ‘Christopher, do you understand that I love you?’ And I said, ‘Yes,’” makes the reader anticipate to the next sentence trying to figure out what Christopher’s perspective may conclude to as it is difficult to comprehend of his unique perspective. Although the reader recognizes that Christopher has an uncommon perspective of the world, the novel suggests that everyone, in fact, has a subjective point of view. When Christopher...
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...As the Time Draws Near This analytical essay will provide an analysis and interpretation of american writer Eowyn Ivey’s short story “As the Time Draws Near” (2012). The readers are introduced to the main character, Piper, who grew up in Alaska but later moved away. The short story follows her at a time when she has returned to Alaska in order to spread her dead father’s ashes under a particular spruce tree. She has a lot of thoughts about death and she is almost obsessed with it. Death is the focal point and theme in this short story. It raises questions such as what happens when we die? And what is death really? The story tells about our short time on earth and how fear of death can stand in the way of living life fully with all the experiences the current moment offers. This essay will focus mainly on setting and the father’s outlook on life. Furthermore this essay will also include an analysis of the symbolism in the short story. At the beginning the description of the nature in Alaska is a vivid portrayal followed by a number of incidents where people have been killed in or by this nature. Piper’s father is one of these people, he “falls out of the sky.” (p. 1, l. 10) Her father with the name Red lived his life like it was an adventure. The description of the landscape appears in the same way - like a never-ending adventure. The tundra is a big and open landscape. The mountains, the glaciers and the snow continues into infinity. The same infinity that Piper’s father...
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...decided that maybe to save further trouble, I'd rather lie, too, and say that Jesus had come ,and get up and be saved ." In saying this, Langston has obviously overlooked his personal belief to meet the level of obedience laid out by the congregation. It leads us to fact that people may believe strongly in an idea or thought but will overlook that belief to be obedient. One can make a justified assumption that everyone in society has at one time or another overlooked his or her personal feelings to conform this occurrence whether it is instinctive or judgmental is one that each individual deals with a personal level. He was a young boy who wanted to see Jesus, who wanted to earn salvation, but when he couldn't see Jesus, when everyone else saw,he found himself in the terrible position of disappointing not only himself but everyone in his community.He finally "saved" himself by pretending to see Jesus . He was saved not by love of Jesus as a congregation or preacher intended but by pretending to be other that who he was. One wanders what would have happened if he didn't stepped forward? Would they have seen a frightened boy? It is hard to say. However, it is kind of evident that he was afraid to be rejected;therefore, he fall into the trap of trying to please everyone. In addition, he met the needs of no one since he deceived everybody in church and himself as well. Faith can not be based upon whether or not we receive what we want. Hughes waited long and hard for Jesus...
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...There are moral system used by school of thoughts that governs our behaviour or actions, and they are all different toward another. There are number of this moral system but it is beyond the scope of this essay to compare and contrast all but to compare and contrast between deontology the centers on the principles of 18th century philosopher Immanuel Kant, And utilitarianism which is the brainchild of philosophers John Stuart Mill and Jeremy Bentham. As a result, the essay has been organised as follow. Firstly, I will show the merger differences between utilitarianism and deontology. Secondly, I will show the similarities between these ethical systems. Thirdly, I will show the strengths and weaknesses of deontology. Lastly, I will show the strengths and weaknesses of utilitarianism and conclude. There are differences that are considered from these moral systems because of different values that moral scholars have about actions and behaviour of individuals. Deontological reasoning refers to duty, which is usually determined without regard to circumstances or consequences. Utilitarian reasoning always considers circumstances and consequences. Utilitarianism it believes that outcomes as a result of an action have a greater value compared to the latter.” It also states that ast so as to produce the greatest possible happiness for the greatest number of people”. As a result, utilitarianism depends on consequentiality. Meanwhile, deontology is another moral theory that is dependent...
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...Comparative essay- Animal Farm Animal farm- Paragraph 1- manipulation by the pigs State they are educated elite, use intellectual superiority to manipulate the other animals. Quote shows them as apathetic and meddlers. State how Orwell is criticising Stalin and his Government. Paragraph 2- Propaganda by the pigs State Napoleon uses propaganda through squealer to push his ideas and implement his plans. Quote shows that Napoleon uses propaganda to get what he wants. State that Orwell is criticising Stalin’s manipulation of the Russian society a big ally of the propaganda is the animal’s ignorance and false memory Paragraph 3- Power of Napoleon State that Napoleon, whom represents Stalin, only gained and keeps his power through cruelty, treachery and making the other animals scared of him. Show that after the rebellion, Napoleon has taken the place of Mr Jones (seen through quote) State that the quote shows that Napoleon has dominance over the farm like Mr Jones. State that Orwell is criticising that after a rebellion, inevitably someone will rise to power over all and everything will be the same, maybe worse. Quotes- For manipulation- ‘Does it not say something about never sleeping in a bed? ... It says, ‘no animal shall sleep in a bed with sheets.’ (cynicism) For propaganda- When squealer assures the animals about trading with humans- ...
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...When Lying is Justifiable Lying is an inevitable behavior, although we may all agree lying is not right, we fall into this behavior many times in our lives. Everyone lies; whether it is to protect, obscure, place blame, or manipulate. As children, most individuals were taught that lying was wrong. From hearing parents say common quotes like, “the truth shall set you free”, or from the many consequences received for lying, people were meant to be have honesty enforced their minds. There is no doubt truth actually is enforced in our minds, according to a study by expert of Developmental Science, Dr. Fu Genyue, Ph.D, “Children of all ages categorize lies as lies and truth as truth” (499). Research in the medical field shows that “deception is judged as justified in some contexts involving the prevention of harm” (Freeman 2274). Of course lying is not acceptable when speaking under oath or at confessions with a priest, but lying is definitely justifiable in certain situations were it can be used as a protection factor to protect the feelings, securities, and lives of others. We are all put into very awkward situations at some points of our lives where we may feel lying to spare one's feelings was the best option. One common situation is being asked, “Do I look fine in this outfit?”. If the person does look fine it is okay to say so, but it is when that person may not that we produce what is called a “white lie”. While many people may recognize the words “white lie”, there...
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...Crucible Essay History repeats itself in many ways sometimes it will be a man making a simple mistake like a man forgetting to pick his dry-cleaning up or it can be something along the lines of people becoming paranoid and fighting and preparing for things that aren’t really there. The Red Scare of 1947 to the late 1950s is a perfect example of our nation repeating a history event from 1692, The Salem Witch Trials an event that our nation still remembers today innocent lives lost that definitely didn’t deserve it. One of the victims to the Red Scare Arthur Miller made a satire of it using “The Crucible” (A play based on the witch hunts) comparing the Red Scare to the Salem Witch Trials, he claims everything he was accused for is just as ridiculous and embarrassing to our country as the Salem Witch Trials were. In this Essay I will be comparing Arthur Miller's Crucible to the Red scare of the 1940's. There’s this Guy who basically claims our government is filled to the brim with communists and we need to weed them out, His name is Joseph McCarthy, he was born in Grand Chute, Wisconsin in 1909 and he died in 1957 on May 2nd due to Alcohol poisoning.(Joseph 1) On 9th February, 1950, at a meeting of the Republican Women's Club in Wheeling, West Virginia, McCarthy claimed that he had a list of 205 people in the State Department that were known to be members of the American Communist Party (late he reduced this figure to 57)(Joseph 1). Joseph McCarthy was a dirty man who in fact...
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...“The Argument Culture,” is an essay in which she voices her concern that our culture “urges us to approach the world, and the people in it, in an adversarial frame of mind” (404). This conveys that there is always a point to be argued and that most people voice their opinion in opposition. This not only causes problems in social circles, but on a worldwide scale as well. She explains that everything is set up as debate where it seems there has to be a winner and a loser. However, this is not always the case because opinions are neither right, nor wrong. That is why they are a personal opinion that a person feels. Tannen is concerned that the argument culture frame of mind leads us to believe that “every issue has two sides-no more, no less” (405). From my personal life experiences, I have observed this to be somewhat true. I don’t believe society portrays every issue to have a “right side” and a “wrong side.” Take the controversial subject of abortion for example. Some individuals believe that abortion is wrong no matter what the situation is, while others think it is a woman’s choice. Then there are the ones who are usually against it but think it is acceptable in certain situations. Or what about the up and coming topic of requiring drug testing for welfare recipients? Some people are all for it, some people think it is a waste of tax dollars, and others think it should be done if the person has had known drug problems in the past. While we all have our personal opinions...
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