...[Professor Name] [Course Number] [Date] Scientists say animal testing is unethical and should be prohibited A good or sound argument makes a claim and offers reasons and evidence in support of that claim. It also anticipates opposing viewpoints and acknowledges, accommodates, and/or refutes them. Think about your audience and what you feel they need to hear, the subject you feel is of greatest concern to your audience, and discover what most affects your audience. You will begin this assignment by thinking of three topics. I and your classmates will help you choose the strongest of those. You will need to consider the assignment, but you will also need to recognize this is not an “issue” paper. You will need to consult the Taboo List. From the point of topic selection, you research will begin. I will be giving you some sp We will be covering the many components of argument in upcoming meetings. Argument is a big subject, and we will be taking our time covering elements of proof, logic, fallacies, and counter argument. Document Type: Argumentative essay Style: MLA Actual Order Pages: 3 References: 6 Academic Level: Masters Subject Type: English Language: US English Line Spacing: Double (Standard) Font Face: Times New Roman Word Count: 825 Sources / References: 1- Two books- Salem Press, EBSCOhost eBooks or Google Books, etc. 2- Two online sources- Google Scholar, JSTOR, EBSCOhost or government sources (Census Bureau, Centers for Disease Control...
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...Animal and Human Research Ethics Paper In any aspect of life, the well being of oneself comes before any other considerations. With in mind, medicine has a very similar view. The health and prosperity of the human race comes before any other considerations. This brings about the grounds for the practice of nonhuman animal testing. With this, professional and ethical issues are raised and must be explored in order for a conclusive answer to be given. The statement that “animals have rights” is one that very few people will disagree with. There are those, however, who see animal cruelty as a form of entertainment. The ethical question then arises asks whether the “cruelty” against an animal can be benefited for humans or should humans benefit from themselves. It is evident that the human race is at the pinnacle of creation as they have achieved progressive heights that cannot be matched by any other species. Unfortunately, animal research has been a fundamental part of their continued progress. Since Aristotle, animals have been used utilized for the benefit of humans. The question of why this has occurred for some time is because they had no other alternative than direct human testing. Man has come a long way and must find seek other testing techniques that are advanced in order to eliminate this harmful practice. One possibility is from Professor Joordens in which he indicates that humans should test on humans who have the desired disease. This would bring about greater...
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...Did you know that “the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) reported in 2016 that 71,370 animals suffered pain during [animal tests]” (ProCon). The fact that over 71,370 animals are suffering through tests begs the question as to why we continue if that many animals are being harmed. However, the rise of animal testing in products has brought up a controversial issue since the late nineteenth century when it first became popular. Animal testing is experiments put on animals to help understand the possible outcomes it can put on humans. Today, animals get tested for different products often found in cosmetics, prescriptions, and household cleaning supplies. The cons associated with animal testing today by far outweigh the possible pros that could come from it. Although most people would agree with testing products before humans use them in everyday life,...
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...Animal testing has been around since the 4th and 3rd centuries BCE from the writings of the Greek. They are used for research to develop the understanding of science, to establish more solutions to medical problems, and mainly the protection of people, animals and the environment. Animals are important for research because it allows the scientist to learn more information about human biology and health. With the information gathered, scientist can then develop new medicines. Animal testing is vital to the continued development of human medicine. In addition, animal testing uses many different species for procedures for research about human biology, diseases and to determine how effective new medicinal products. This subject has always been a heated debate because of the use of animals for scientific research. Both sides of this debate have valid points in their argument. Some points are based on facts, whereas some might be based on opinion. Everyone has something different to say and have...
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...out of every 100 drugs that pass animal tests fail in humans. Animal research presents a lot of conflict on whether it should be illegal or at least have restrictions. Animal experimentation is not only brutal but it is useless and definitely bad science. Animal research is very cruel. Animals are burned, shocked, poisoned, isolated, starved, drowned, addicted to drugs, and brain-damaged. Many animals die during research, whether accidentally or not. And the animals get to feel every part of it because painkillers are not required and often not used. No experimentation, No matter how Painful or trivial, is prohibited. (Gluck) Animals may not be as intelligent as humans, however, they do have nerves and emotion, they are conscious and capable of feeling just like humans. Even if animals do not think or feel like humans do it is still torture....
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...Animal Testing: A Reasonable Stance Animals can give us love and happiness when we are caring for them as pets, but what else can animals give us? Over the past century animals have also given us vaccines, drugs, and more that have kept our society healthy and safe from deadly infections, all due to animal testing. But are the welfare of animals something that should be risked to make our lives better? The issue of animal testing has caused an ongoing battle in our society that deals with both science and animal rights. There are those who favor it because it is allows for scientific progress, and there are those who oppose it because it is the ethically right thing to do. Both sides have valid arguments, which most people choose to side with one or the other. With a better understanding of each side of the issue, animal testing, we can conceive a credible truth. The complex issue of animal testing is one that should not be researched in a bias way. One must explore both and all sides of the argument to come to a valid conclusion. While I have yet to find a piece of writing that equally argues both sides of animal testing, the combined research I have done on both sides of the spectrum allows for a solid foundation for this discussion. These two stances on animal testing are opposite not only in position on the issue, but also in reasoning. The side for animal testing is reasoning on the means of science and research used to develop new medical treatment, while the side against...
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...170 29 September 2015 Animal Rights “What is man without the beast? If the beast was gone, man would die from great loneliness of spirit. For whatever happens to the beast soon happens to the man” (Chief Seattle) Many things have been done to protect animals, but there are more significant things to be done to make sure they do not become extinct and give them their rights. Animals are just like humans in many ways. They have nerves so when they are being tested on they can feel the pain that is being inflicted on them. Many people consider their pet as their child, so what child would want that kind of pain inflicted on them? Finally, in different parts of the world, people still hunt animals. It is no longer a way to get food like it used to be. Now it is just for pure sport or fun. Should animals have to be hunted down and torn apart while still alive? Dogs, cattle, sheep, monkeys and other small animals are mainly the ones being experimented on. They are tested on numerous times throughout each year. Acute toxicity, skin irritation, psychology research are a few tests that the People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals or PETA listed. Acute toxicity is a test where animals are force fed chemicals to find out the lethal dosage. Skin irritation tests are when chemicals are placed on the bare skin of animals, which the animal is restrained. Pointless test like the effects of shocking and drug abuse are known as psychology research test. Animals endure a lot of pain and...
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...Saad Rauf Rathore 5 December 2010 Should Businesses Behave Ethically? According to a study on ethics by the Santa Clara University, a number of years ago sociologist Raymond Baumhart conducted a survey asking people about what they think of ethics. The results showed many people linking ethics to their feelings, their religion and standards set by the society (Manuel et al, para. 2). Manuel Velasquez and other authors of an article published by the Santa Clara University on business ethics pointed out flaws in the responses. They believed that feelings sometimes deviate from ethics because a person may feel to do something that is not right (Manuel et al, para. 4). Moreover, they argued that most religions advocate high ethical standards, yet these standards cannot be identified with religion because if they were, they would have only applied to religious people (Manuel et al, para. 5). Finally, saying that ethics are standards that a society set was proved wrong as the standards of behavior in a society can diverge from ethics, considering Nazi Germany which was a society that became morally corrupt (Manuel et al.). This was what ethics are not. Then, what are ethics? Ethics are the well founded standards that are backed up by consistent and well founded reasons. These standards include rights, obligations, honesty, fairness, benefit to society or specific virtues. For example, the rights may include right to life and right to freedom whereas reasonable obligations may...
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...days, my throat felt constricted, making it hard for me to swallow down food. Thinking that it was a cold, I ignored it and went on with my daily schedule. Two weeks passed, there was no change. I never really thought about looking at my throat to see what was going on, but once I looked, my tonsils were the size of golf balls. I went straight to my doctor, hoping it wasn't tonsillitis. The first thing we had to figure out was to see if this was a bacterial or viral infection. My tests results for strep throat, mononucleosis, tonsillitis, and blood samples to test for bacterial infection were all negative. My doctor reported that my results indicated that I had some sort of virus, and did not prescribe me antibiotics, raising questions for why I shouldn't be taking antibiotics for my infection. Since Alexander Fleming's discovery of them in 1927, antibiotics have played a profound role in ridding the population of bacterial infections. Antibiotics are chemicals that work to kill disease-causing, single-cell living organisms called bacteria ("The Danger of Antibiotic Overuse"). Bacteria can surpass our immune system, reproduce, and cause diseases or infection by producing chemicals that damage our bodies ("What Are Antibiotics? How Do Antibiotics Work?"). For instance, bacteria can invade our inner ear and cause a bacterial ear infection. Our immune system works to fight the bacteria, resulting in inflammation. However, the immune system sometimes is not able to activate itself...
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...Communication of Field Practice and Specialization (Ginsburg, 2013), an attorney can be specialized after quite a lengthy process to include continuing legal education (CLE), practice experience, peer review and testing (Ginsburg, 2013). By specializing attorneys are able to focus on a specific clientele and be in direct competition with fewer attorneys driving up their rate for services (Vaden, 1994). The overall impact specializing has had in the criminal justice field has been positive because attorneys are able to offer a higher level of services to their clients. Years ago you would think of lawyers more so as general practitioner or family lawyers. They would oversee any legal issues for families from birth until death. “The true general practitioner we may have seen 10 or 15 years ago is kind of an endangered species because of specialization,” said Nicholas E. Fairweather, chair of the State Bar’s General Practice Section Board (DMC-Admin, 2010). With technology advances and changes in criminal activity; it’s a lot for one person to keep up on all the different areas of law and be proficient at representing each of their clients. Lawyers were thought to be qualified in a broad legal field upon being licensed and therefore being specialized was prohibited under ethical standards until 1977 (Munneke, 2009). The U.S. Supreme Court held in Bates V. State Bar of Arizona that a blanket prohibition of lawyer advertising was unconstitutional (Munneke, 2009). In 1990,...
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...United States alone, five to seven million pets are turned into shelters each year,” (ASPCA). All of these millions of animals sitting in shelters are lacking the same one thing and that is a loving home. Due to animal cruelty a lot of these animals are being put in shelters and this is a very serious mater taking place all over the world. The term animal cruelty is pretty self-explanatory and almost speaks for itself. The first thing you think about is an animal living under cruel conditions. That almost pins the definition on the dot. According to the definition, “animal cruelty is the infliction of physical pain, suffering or death upon an animal when not necessary”, (Black Laws Dictionary). Animal cruelty occurs in various forms. Whether it's neglecting, starvation, dehydration, or simply not getting the proper medical attention, it is all forms of animal cruelty. People like to think that animals don't have any feelings and their incapable of feeling pain. I for one don't understand how people could even assume this. Animals are living, breathing creatures and are just as capable of feeling pain as we are. When individuals purposely harm an animal they do this to feel in control and powerful. Active cruelty is a very serious matter and is a sign that someone has serious psychological issues. Someone who would purposely harm animals...
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...research can have a significant impact in many areas of medicine. i. There are a variety of diseases and injuries in which a patient’s cells or tissues are destroyed and require organ or tissue transplants. 1. Stem cells are able to potentially create brand new tissue 2. Stem cells may be able to cure diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s disease, cancer, type 1 Diabetes, spinal cord injuries, stroke, heart disease, muscular dystrophy and many other diseases. (stemcellresearch) ii. Stem cells can be used to understand more clearly how genetics work during the early stages of cell development 3. With a more clear picture of cell development, scientists may be able to understand why some cells develop abnormally leading to future problems such as cancer and birth defects...
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... 24 hrs 72 hrs 6 days 15 min 24 hrs 15 min 24 hrs 15 min 24 hrs 30% 87% 65% >50% n.d. 91% 65% 0% 0% n.d. N.d. 50% 90.9% 75% >50% 20% 96.5% 80% 0% 0% n.d. N.d. 80% 55% 3% 0% n.d. 104.8% 86% 90% 30% n.d. N.d. The coronavirus is enveloped, spherical, and have positive sense RNA. The virus is about 100 nm in diameter making it the largest positive strand RNA virus. It has the largest genome of any RNA virus [3]. They have a nucleocapsid that has a helical symmetry and infect both humans and animals of which include birds. The virus has an envelope that originates from the intracellular membrane of the host infect cell. Additionally, the virus also has peplomers that stick out immensely due to the large glycoproteins they contain which will be discussed later throughout. Notice how the SARS virus’s mRNA goes through translation than the proteins go to the rough ER and into the golgi apparatus. Budding occurs and the virus exits the cell via exocytosis. The SARS virus once discovered, got organizations such as the CDC on high alert to try and contain the virus. The following timeline has been posted below to show the actions of the CDC following discovery of the virus: 2003 March 12: The World Health Organization...
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...day. The product you’re reading now is much more than a study guide- it is a tactical weapon designed to exploit weaknesses in the test itself, and help you avoid the most common errors students make when taking the TOEFL. How to use this manual We don’t want to waste your time. This manual is fast-paced and fluff-free. We suggest going through it a number of times, trying out its methods on a number of official practice tests. First, read through the manual completely to get a feel for the content and organization. Read the general success strategies first, and then proceed to Copyright © 2002 by MO Media. You have been licensed one copy of this document for personal use only. Any other reproduction or redistribution is strictly prohibited. All rights reserved. ii the individual test sections. Each tip has been carefully selected...
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...Argumentative writing Planning Stage For an argument essay to be effective, it must contain certain elements. For this reason, you must take a few minutes to plan before you jump into writing an argument essay. Find a Good Topic To find good topic for an argument essay you should consider several issues that will have two conflicting points of view or very different conclusions. As you look over a list of topics you should find one that really sparks your interest. While a strong interest in a topic is important, it's not enough. You next have to consider what position you can back up with reasoning. It's one thing to have a strong belief, but when shaping an argument you'll have to explain why your belief is reasonable and logical. As you explore the topics, make a mental list of points you could use as evidence for or against an issue. Consider Both Sides of Your Topic and Take a Position Once you have selected a topic you feel strongly about, you should make a list of points for both sides of the argument. One of your first objectives in your essay will be to present both sides of your issue with an assessment of each. Of course, you will conclude that one side (your side) is the best conclusion. In the planning stage you will need to consider strong arguments for the "other" side. Then you'll shoot them down! Gather Evidence When we think of arguments we might picture two red-faced people speaking quite loudly and making dramatic gestures. But that's because...
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