...done or it could throw off something else. To best represent the Greek society as a whole Lycurgus can be used as an example to show the different aspects. According to Plutarch the author, of Greek Lives, there are many stories on the history of Lycurgus that give different accounts of his family. He was known as the lawgiver, because of his many laws. Lycurgus became king of Sparta after his older brother died and there was no immediate heir to the throne. His brother’s wife was pregnant and he declared that if it was a boy, that child would be the next king of Sparta. That child was a boy and Lycurgus named him Charilaus, but soon after the boy was born, suspicion began to rise that Lycurgus wanted the throne for himself. These were just lies brought on by his late brother’s wife family. Lycurgus decided to leave Sparta until the boy was grown. It was actually a good thing that he left, because now he could go to other city-states and countries to learn how they functioned. Then he could bring back what he learned and implement them in Sparta. All the different city-states have their own sense of music and literature. One of the first places Lycurgus went was Crete. It was there that he met a man named, Thales. Thales was a composer whose music was mostly about obedience and political concord (Plutarch, Lycurgus 12). The music was very soothing...
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...How Plutarch saw Alexander the Great? Alexander of Macedon is the one of the most well known historical persons of the past. His life and conquers are examples of strong spirit and great will. Ancient biographer and philosopher Plutarch offers us a priceless information about Alexander in his work “The life of Alexander”. By this work, we are able to imagine what kind of person was Alexander whose ambitions was too big for this world. According to the text, beginning with the years of his youth, Alexander has an aspiration to become the lord of whole world. Nevertheless he did not want just to inherit this title, obtaining it by a splendid campaigns was his dream. Plutarch writes that whenever Philip won a battle Alexander have been saying that his father is not going to leave something glorious to him to do. It shows us one of the most mentionable qualities of Alexander's person, the thirst for fame and greatness. This characteristic made him war with his neighbors and almost half of the world. As Plutarch describes him, Alexander was a brave man, who did not hide behind the backs of his soldiers, but fought as well as the ordinary army men did. He did not afraid to face his enemies, even if it was very dangerous and because of this he could not avoid wounds. He rejected to show any kind of weakness like trying peacefully keep the enemies away of his land. He knew only one way of protecting his country, attacking was the best protection as he thought. This also shows that...
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...lap. It was called Statue of Isis Nursing Horus. I liked the subject matter. It was very feminine, but also showed what a strong woman Isis was. There were other sculptures that I saw while viewing which were much more detailed and painted. But this sculpture was my favorite out of the entire museum. As Plutarch writes of Isis: "she is both wise and a lover of wisdom; as her name appears to denote that, more than any other, knowing and knowledge belong to her"( Plutarch). The name of the sculpture and its magnificence inspired me to choose this sculpture because I as a mother can relate myself to this piece of art. Isis is the mother of Horus and she is nursing him. That’s the most wonderful thing a mother can do from my point of view. --How does your favorite piece of art relate to our course of study, our textbook? My [At least one paragraph] (Select art objects dating from the beginning of time to 1600 CE only! Art from 1601 CE – Present belongs to HUM 122, not this course.) --What did you learn from this assignment? [At least one paragraph] Be precise and detailed. Remember the standard journalistic questions when generating details: who, what, when, where, why, and...
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...Slavery in Ancient Rome Rome as far research show had always exploited slaves, however during the early Republic Rome saw its slave population multiply significantly from a series of wars and conquests. This paper will discuss the rights and responsibilities of Roman slaves during the Republican era and early empire. It will also analyze the impact slavery had on Rome’s economic situation as well the impact on roman society and culture. Rome did not always have such an abundance of slaves. It was not until they conquered Corinth and sacked Carthage did they amass a significant amount of slaves. Some authors estimate that the number of slaves reached 300 000-350 000 in a total population of 900 000- 950 000 in Rome during the Augustan era.[1] It is of course impossible to determine the exact amount of slaves during this time, but nevertheless this estimate of slaves is still one third of the population. The Punic Wars between Rome and Carthage mark the beginning of Rome’s “addiction” to slavery. After Rome had consolidated the main land of what is now Italy, this brought them into contact with much greater powers. The first Punic War (264-241 B.C) began when both Rome and Carthage took interest in Sicily.[2] Herodotus notes the significance of this first of many battles by comparing it to the battle of Salamis. He states, “They say too, that the victory of Gelo and Thero in Sicily over Hamilcar the Carthaginians tell out upon the very day that the Hellenes...
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...lives and times. It can be surmised from these writings that the limitations placed on women was not the result of lack of respect or capability but driven by necessity. The necessity of a patriarchal society in Greece and Rome was the primary factor in the limitations set on women. Phillip Longman talks about patriarchy in his article Return of Patriarchy describing it as, “a value system that not only requires men to marry but to marry women of proper station…a cultural regime that serves to keep birthrates high among the affluent, while also maximizing parents’ investment in their children…no advanced civilization has yet learned how to endure without it” meaning that the only way that Greece and Rome could have existed for as long as it did was with this system of patriarchy, the foundation of both civilizations (Longman, 58). High fertility rates were pushed into the Greek and Roman cultures because as Longman points out when plants and animals were domesticated people were no longer concerned about overpopulation but lack of population, something integral for the survival of a city (Longman, 62). The best way to make sure that population was continually...
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...also one of the most mysterious findings our scientists have discovered. The Artificial Moon Justin Jones EN1320 Andrew A Bowen Abstract This paper analyzes several works on the Moon and its characteristics and geological features. The Moon is the largest satellite of a planet in the Solar System relative to the size of its primary, having 27% the diameter and 60% the density of the Earth, resulting in 1/81 its mass. The Moon is a paradoxical celestial body, raising questions about its composition and origin. Isaac Asimov wrote, there is no astronomical reason why the moon and the sun should fit so well. It is the sheerest of coincidences, and only the Earth among all the planets is ‘blessed’ in this fashion” (Samone 2012). Nobel chemist Dr. Harold Urey suggested the moon’s reduced density is because of large areas inside the moon where is “simply a cavity” (Regehr 1995). Carl Sagan also writes, “A natural satellite cannot be a hollow object” (Sagan 1999; Shklovskii 1999). Accompanied by the information that is available and reviewed one can affirm the moon is an artificial planetoid. Moon Origins The origin of the Moon has many theories, which are popularized but not confirmed by scientists today. The Fission Theory: proposes the Moon was once part of the Earth and somehow separated from the Earth early in the history of...
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...In looking into the background of ostracism and its true purpose alongside the other Archaic Greek traditions in Athens of expulsion, exile, and ἀτιμία, there are several primary sources I will be using. However, the topic has its challenges. Since it covers a period where most of our surviving sources have been written sometimes centuries after the period they are writing about it is hard to find true primary source writings. The first primary source I will be using for my paper is Herodotus’ Histories. He is the first extant source for this period in Archaic Greece and through the Persian Wars, which is when the law of ostracism was enacted. His work is a very broad look into what he thought were the reasons that led to the clash between the Greeks and Persians, and as such is not particularly detailed or focused on ostracism itself. However, he does mention its use and in one case even seems to give a hint to his feelings about it: “… Aristides son of Lysimachus, an Athenian, crossed over from Aegina. Although he had been ostracized by the people, I, learning by inquiry of his character, have come to believe that he was the best and most just man in Athens.” It seems that he does not agree with the ostracism, noting Aristides’ good character and usefulness to Athens as a leader. This use of ostracism against Athens’ “best and brightest” seems to be a reoccurring theme throughout the entire period until it falls into disuse. I do not know if this might show a bias against...
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...A STUDY OF FULVIA by Allison Jean Weir A thesis submitted to the Department of Classics In conformity with the requirements for The degree of Master of Arts Queen’s University Kingston, Ontario, Canada December 2007 copyright © Allison Jean Weir 2007 Abstract Who was Fulvia? Was she the politically aggressive and dominating wife of Mark Antony as Cicero and Plutarch describe her? Or was she a loyal mother and wife, as Asconius and Appian suggest? These contrasting accounts in the ancient sources warrant further investigation. This thesis seeks to explore the nature of Fulvia’s role in history to the extent that the evidence permits. Fulvia is most famous for her activities during Antony’s consulship (44 BC) and his brother Lucius Antonius’ struggle against C. Octavian in the Perusine War (41-40 BC). But there is a discrepancy among the authors as to what extent she was actually involved. Cicero, Octavian and Antony, who were all key players in events, provide their own particular versions of what occurred. Later authors, such as Appian and Dio, may have been influenced by these earlier, hostile accounts of Fulvia. This is the first study in English to make use of all the available evidence, both literary and material, pertaining to Fulvia. Modern scholarship has a tendency to concentrate almost exclusively on events towards the end of Fulvia’s life, in particular the Perusine War, about which the evidence is much more abundant in later sources such as Appian and...
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...and most notably Plutarch play key models in analyzing our founders’ behavior and thinking (F.53). Thomas Jefferson once called Samuel Adams “ the Palinurus of the American Revolution”, referencing the Greek Trojan War hero who piloted the Trojan ships to Italy and then drowned after falling overboard (F.55). Jefferson also compared John Adams to that of Themistocles, due to his unwavering support of a strong Navy (F.56). John Adams said in younger days that he’d rather make nothing at all, and spend his final days in a retreat like Xenophon (F. 57). Using Greek heroes as a way of behavior comparison, the Founding fathers were able to clearly and effectively communicate with each other because they all had a thorough understanding of the classics. Because our founding fathers modeled themselves and each other to the lifestyles of Greek mythological heroes, it helps to explain their reasoning, mental processes, and behavioral choices (F....
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...of course did not stop change from coming, but it did adjust how it was viewed by these two very different people. The Han were eager about the practicality of new technology, while the Romans had more artistic purposes for it and a more negative attitude towards it The people of Han China often looked toward their government to support the transition of new technology, but even this was not fully agreed upon. A Han government official writes about the role of the government in bringing about revise to the waterways, a step to help prevent flood damage...
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...Cultural Diplomacy through Music ‘‘Who writes the Nation’s songs shapes the Nation’s souls,’’ said Abraham Lincoln. This quote is relevant to today’s crisis: the influence of music on our youth. Music has been known to influence those who listen since the end of the Industrial Revolution, when people had more leisure time and the demand for entertainment and amusement began to increase. This is significant because media has a powerful influence on society and affects how we dress, act, and think. In The Republic by Plato, Socrates argues against Thrasymachus’ idea that "Obedience to the interest of the stronger" will lead to a successful tyranny. Socrates believes that "justice is the excellence of the soul,” and that benevolence is the key to a successful state. Yet humans embody not only Apollo, the god of the sun, of dreams, and of reason but also, Dionysus, the god of wine, ecstasy and intoxication, both sons of Zeus. In Plutarch’s Moralia, it is suggested that the state allows society to live for their pleasure so that the state gains the power to control them. We are fighting a constant battle between the rational principle of the soul and the irrational or appetite. The state is determined to keep feeding the Dionysus in each of us in order to continue to control us. The music industry is a tool that is used to influence the youth to indulge in their desires through songs about violence, sex, misogyny and drug use. In the Socratic dialogue in The Republic, Adeimantus...
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...reader using these works, one that sheds new light on the hoplite warrior. Born on September 5th, 1953, Victor Hanson is a military historian and columnist specializing in the study of the classics and ancient warfare. Most notably known for his contributions on modern warfare and contemporary politics for the National Review he has published a number of books on ancient warfare and the classics most on Greek warfare and the Peloponnesian Wars. Keeping his love for the classics intact he received his Ph.D in that field from Stanford University in 1980. Hanson recently relinquished his position and California State University where he began teaching in 1984 where his solely responsible for the creation of the classics program. He currently writes two articles per week for the National Review. Although much scholarly research and publication has been made available on the topic of hoplite warfare, the collection of unpublished essays that Hanson has brought together has undoubtedly opened a new perspective of battle itself. Hanson may have very well been the first to successfully bring to light the events of battle. From the actions taken before blood had been spilled, those taken while...
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...Frankenstein I would like to introduce a theory on the characters based on the novel Frankenstein by Mary Shelley R. What I would like to introduce is the parallel lines that run through these characters Walton, Victor Frankenstein, and the Creature. Mary Shelleys Frankenstein is a novel that was written for a contest between her and her peers, a contest was to see who could write the most telling tale of fright. Mary, who was the youngest t and had never put pen to paper in this manner, took to the challenge. The story told by her impressed one of her friends Percy Shelly and being of some affluence had the book published. The story that was told begins at the end of Victor Frankenstein's life where he is found in the farthest reaches North in to the cold and icy waters chasing some unknown figure. At the same time which appears to be by coincidence he is rescued by an explorer on a quest of glory. Victor agrees to board the explorers boat to recover his strength and will so he can continue his chase of the unknown figure. While aboard the explorers ship Victor befriends the explorer and they begin to trust each other and talk to each other. This novel at the surface appears to be like many others that have been written some I have read some I have not but, upon, much reading and re-reading the novel I have discovered something that I have found very fascinating Is this a tale of one man, two or three. We meet Walton the first character introduced...
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...ALEXANDER THE GREAT: HERO, HUMANITARIAN, OR MANIAC? INTRODUCTION Alexander the Great is by all historical accounts one of the most influential figures of history. He was the son of Philip II, the King of Macedon who conquered Greece in 338 B.C. but was assassinated soon thereafter. Alexander thus became king at the age of seventeen (in 336 B.C. ), and at the age of twenty he set off to conquer the known world. In a series of lightning campaigns he conquered the Persian Empire that had until then been invincible, and in a certain sense he avenged Greece for the earlier Persian Wars. He marched through Asia Minor, Syria, Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Persia, conquering all before him. In monumental battles he defeated the Persians at Granicus (334 B.C.), Issus (333 B.c.), and Gaugamela (331 B.c.). He drove his soldiers on, crossing the mountains and deserts of central Asia, until he reached the borders of India (326 B.C.). There he finally turned back, retreating to Babylon, where he established his court. At Babylon he fell sick and suddenly died, at only thirty-two years of age (323 B.c.). Alexander hardly had time to organize his new empire, and this makes it all but impossible to know how he would have been as a ruler, instead of a conqueror. After his death, Alexander's empire fell apart and was ruled by his successors, Macedonian generals who became kings of independent areas. Most of these rulers continued Alexander's policies of toleration and cultural integration. Alexander's...
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...President Faust, members of the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, members of the faculty, proud parents, and, above all, graduates. The first thing I would like to say is ‘thank you.’ Not only has Harvard given me an extraordinary honour, but the weeks of fear and nausea I have endured at the thought of giving this commencement address have made me lose weight. A win-win situation! Now all I have to do is take deep breaths, squint at the red banners and convince myself that I am at the world’s largest Gryffindor reunion. Delivering a commencement address is a great responsibility; or so I thought until I cast my mind back to my own graduation. The commencement speaker that day was the distinguished British philosopher Baroness Mary Warnock. Reflecting on her speech has helped me enormously in writing this one, because it turns out that I can’t remember a single word she said. This liberating discovery enables me to proceed without any fear that I might inadvertently influence you to abandon promising careers in business, the law or politics for the giddy delights of becoming a gay wizard. You see? If all you remember in years to come is the ‘gay wizard’ joke, I’ve come out ahead of Baroness Mary Warnock. Achievable goals: the first step to self improvement. Actually, I have wracked my mind and heart for what I ought to say to you today. I have asked myself what I wish I had known at my own graduation, and what important lessons I have learned in the 21 years that...
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