...physically and emotionally damaged animals. Animals who will never have the chance to truly live. Life becomes dreadful when one never knows the next time he or she will be injected with peculiar chemicals or concoctions. These foreign substances can cause complications in all organisms. Annually, over 100 billion animals are killed each year from testing in laboratories. This number does not include those who are have developed disabilities....
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...of Animal Testing in Cosmetic Companies Preface The ethical treatment of animal testing is a controversial topic in the field of zoology. Different aspects on animal testing range from positivity to negativity. Animals such as dogs and rats are used for experimental trials because they have been found to have psychological and genetic correlations that relate to humans. Although the benefits and improvements to modern medicine made it possible to ban animal experimentation completely, animals are still the main subjects in cosmetic industries. Something important to keep in mind when it comes to animal experimentation is that, “Most experimentation has nothing to do with disease research… it is cosmetic product testing” (Medical News Online). According to the People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) over one hundred million animals suffer from experiments to test cosmetics. Many people stand against animal experimentation claiming that animals are not ours to experiment on, and even though that’s an important point, there are many other issues that should be discussed. For example, ninety two percent of all animal trials in cosmetics that are effective on animals are ineffective on humans (ASPCA). Meaning that the reasoning behind it is the lower cost of animal testing provided to those companies. Unfortunately, theses experiments are the cheapest options and some companies are required by the FDA to test all new cosmetic ingredients on animals. Animal testing can...
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...stopped to wonder, “On what are these products tested?” You could be supporting animal cruelty without even be aware of it. The majority of the medications that we are provided with today have been tested on animals before being introduced onto the market . Using animals in scientific research has forever since been a controversial topic for heated debates. Despite the fact that we often benefit from successful animal experimentation, the pain and death that hundreds of millions of animals are suffering from are not worth the welfare of human beings. In addition, many forward-thinking-scientists have developed alternatives that replace the use of animals and furthermore, provides more accurate data to the study of human health and diseases. Therefore, I believe...
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...Carmen Lopez Professor Sykes English 101 4 November XXXX “A Question of Ethics” Left Unanswered In her essay “A Question of Ethics,” Jane Goodall, a scientist who has studied chimpanzees for years, tries to resolve a complicated ethical dilemma: Under what circumstances is it acceptable to cause animal suffering to prevent human suffering? Her answer, however, remains somewhat unclear. Although Goodall challenges scientists to avoid conducting unnecessary tests on animals, she does not explain the criteria by which scientists should determine necessity. Goodall argues that her readers have an ethical obligation to protect animals from suffering, but she also implies that it might be necessary sometimes to abandon that obligation. She points out that animals share similar traits with human beings: they have a capacity for certain human emotions, and they may be capable of legitimate friendship. Goodall’s evidence for this claim is an anecdote from her research. She recounts that one chimpanzee in her study, named David Greybeard, “gently squeezed [her] hand” when she offered him food (62). Appealing to readers’ emotions, Goodall hopes to persuade readers that the chimp is “sociable” and “sentient,” or feeling (62). According to Goodall’s logic, if researchers are careful to avoid tests that cause human suffering, they should also be careful to avoid tests that cause suffering for other life forms. When Goodall asserts that scientists shouldn’t mindlessly ...
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...out of every 100 drugs that pass animal tests fail in humans. Animal research presents a lot of conflict on whether it should be illegal or at least have restrictions. Animal experimentation is not only brutal but it is useless and definitely bad science. Animal research is very cruel. Animals are burned, shocked, poisoned, isolated, starved, drowned, addicted to drugs, and brain-damaged. Many animals die during research, whether accidentally or not. And the animals get to feel every part of it because painkillers are not required and often not used. No experimentation, No matter how Painful or trivial, is prohibited. (Gluck) Animals may not be as intelligent as humans, however, they do have nerves and emotion, they are conscious and capable of feeling just like humans. Even if animals do not think or feel like humans do it is still torture....
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...Part IV Katie Schulz Mrs. Polski Modern Problems May 2, 2013 Introduction~ Animal experimentation began in the early 3rd and 4th centuries BCE with the Greeks performing the first experiments on living animals. Ever since these early periods there has been a search to answer the question of whether animal testing is ethical. This question is proposed due to the suffering of animals during medical experimentation. Veterinarian, Peter M. Henrickson, found this to be the case in his experience during a veterinary class. The research began on Rodney a shepherd mix. “The first thing we did was neuter him, a seemingly benign project, except it took us an hour to complete the usual 20-minute procedure, and an anesthetic overdose kept him out for 36 hours. Afterward, he recovered his strength quickly and felt good” (Henrickson, Par. 4). They then proceeded to do an abdominal exploratory, opening his abdomen and then closing him again. “This was the first major surgery for any of us, and, with inadequate supervision, we did not close him properly. By the next morning, his incision had opened and he was sitting on his small intestine. Hastily, we sewed him up again, and he survived. But it was a week or more before he could resume walks he had come to eagerly anticipate” (Henrickson, Par. 6). After Rodney’s slow recovery they once again put him under anesthesia. “We broke his leg and repaired it with a steel pin. After this, Rodney seemed in almost constant pain, his temperature...
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...intentionally eat a substance that when directly exposed to your eyes, burns them and turns them bright red? Or how about a substance that has been used as a chemical warfare agent during World War I and the Iraq war? Well, each and every day many individuals are doing this very thing, only they have absolutely no idea they are consuming this toxic substance. In fact, this very same substance is claimed to actually being healthy for you. It is hidden inside a small yellow packet, with a large label “Splenda”, the best selling artificial sweetener in America. This substance has been proven to have an extensive amount of dangerous side-effects. Not only that, but its composition is sure to shock you. The long list of deceptive practices, inaccurate testing, and insufficient research are now being brought to light. It is plain to see that sucralose is a dangerous chemical which should be further reviewed before consumption. It all began on a late-summer day in 1975, Shashikant Phadnis, a young chemist at Queen Elizabeth College, in London, and his adviser, Leslie Hough, were on a hunt for creating a powerful insecticide. The substance they produced seemed to have all the makings of an excellent insecticide. It was a fine crystalline powder, easy to imagine spraying over a field, and its molecules were full of chlorine atoms, like DDT. Once the product was produced, Phadnis was told to test the powder, but he misunderstood; he thought that he needed to taste it. To his surprised it tasted...
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...A Literature Review of Tinnitus Andrew Folz Rockhurst University Abstract Tinnitus is the perception of sound within the human ear when no actual sound is present. Tinnitus usually interpreted as a ringing sound that varies in frequency and loudness. There are many causes of tinnitus along with symptoms that are caused by tinnitus. Millions of people, primarily men, are affected with chronic tinnitus that usually leads to hearing loss. This literary review of Tinnitus will cover a current, basic knowledge of tinnitus, possible causes of tinnitus, conditions that may cause tinnitus, experiments involving mice to discover new findings in tinnitus research, and possible treatments that are currently being studied. Tinnitus is the perception of sound within the human ear when no actual sound is present. Though often unrecognized, tinnitus affects millions of people worldwide. Tinnitus is one of the most common physical symptoms. It affects 10-15% of the population at some point in their lives (Holmes and Padgham, 2009). Derived from the Latin word, “tinnire,” which means to ring, tinnitus is commonly experienced as high-pitched noise with mechanical, electrical, or musical qualities. The underlying pathophysiology of tinnitus is unclear. It seems unlikely there is a single underlying cause, but tinnitus may accompany almost any auditory dysfunction. Damage to the middle ear, cochlea, audiovestibular nerve, and cerebral pathways between the cochlear nucleus and primary auditory...
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...HUYNH PHUC HOANG SAMPLE ESSAY IELTS Writing Sample Essay IELTS Writing Some people think that in order to prevent illness and disease, governments should make efforts in reducing environmental pollution and housing problems. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? The prevention of illness and disease is a challenging problem for any community. Although many people may be skeptical about the effectiveness of an investment in improving the environment and providing more housing for the public, I believe that it is a good solution to the issue, as will now be discussed. On the one hand, ameliorating environmental contamination can hinder the spread of disease and illness. Today, people’s health is deteriorating due to the adverse effects of poor air quality, making us more vulnerable to viruses and health problems. A number of urban citizens suffer from lung cancer and throat cancer due to the dangerous level of exhaust emissions from traffic and industrial activities in many big cities such as Beijing and Hanoi. Therefore, improving the environment should be treated as the top priority among other concerns of the government. For example, an outright ban on the use of private vehicles can decrease the amount of harmful fumes released into the atmosphere, contributing to the clean-up of the environment. On the other hand, the provision of more accommodation for the public is also a highly effective measure to reduce health risks....
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...Table of Contents Chapter 1. The problem Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Theoretical framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Schematic diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Statement of the problem . . . . . . . . . . . . Significance of the study . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Review of related literature Related literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Related studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Summary, findings, conclusions and recommendations Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Findings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bibliography Chapter I HIV/AIDS INTRODUCTION The arrival of the AIDS epidemic in the 20th Century, brought with it fear, superstition and prejudice. This disease is not the first one where society has imposed social stigmas, political agendas and outright pandemonium. Misunderstandings of other diseases like the bubonic plague, small pox and the Spanish flu also have caused hysteria among populations around the world, but the main difference between these epidemics and that of AIDS/HIV is that AIDS is a modern epidemic staged in a new world of influential media outlets, politics and new social stigmas. In order to combat the societal misunderstandings of AIDS/HIV, one must understand the disease itself. When referring to AIDS/HIV...
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...ANIMAL PROCEDURES COMMITTEE REVIEW OF COST-BENEFIT ASSESSMENT IN THE USE OF ANIMALS IN RESEARCH JUNE 2003 REPORT OF THE COST-BENEFIT WORKING GROUP OF THE ANIMAL PROCEDURES COMMITTEE PREFACE Letter to the Minister from Michael Banner, Chair of the Animal Procedures Committee 17 June 2003 Dear Ms Flint ANIMAL PROCEDURES COMMITTEE: RECOMMENDATIONS ON COST-BENEFIT ASSESSMENT UNDER THE ANIMALS (SCIENTIFIC PROCEDURES) ACT 1986 On behalf of the Animal Procedures Committee I enclose the Committee’s report on cost-benefit assessment. In it we address the adequacy of the current cost-benefit assessment performed in the course of evaluating project licence applications. We have sought to look at the many issues which arise in relation to this important element of the regulation of the use of animals, but would draw attention to three particular aspects of our work. In the first place we have addressed the fundamental question as to scientific validity of the use of animals. We believe that our considerations and conclusions offer an important clarification of the debate and fulfil the request made by your predecessor, Mike O’Brien, to provide advice on this issue. Secondly, while we conclude that some uses of animals may yield scientific knowledge, we argue that this does not settle the question of justification. We go on to elucidate the full range of factors which must be considered for there to be a rigorous application of the cost-benefit assessment. Thirdly, we also consider how...
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...How do we ensure adequate supplies of clean water for the future? Brian Daters BVU Seminar We all know how important water is in life, but most don’t know how precious it really is. In every corner of life, life revolves around water or the struggle to obtain water. Most people don’t realize how difficult it can be or what problems they are causing because they just go turn on the faucet. Some people need to wait days or walk miles just to get clean water. The stress level that the human race is pushing on the 1% of drinkable water is already at its breaking point. These are the results as to why the human population doing great harm to the water sources by agriculture run off, human pollution, and over usage. Let’s first talk about some of the world’s water facts. According to unwater.org, 85% of the world already lives in the driest half of the planet. Of those people about 783 million people do not have access to clean water and 2 to 3 billion do not have access to clean sanitation. It is incomprehensible to think that 70% of our planet is covered with water but only 3% of it is drinkable. Of that 3%; 2/3 of that is frozen. The main problem that stands between adequate supply of water for the future starts with us. The need for water is essential to life but to what extent do we need to take to solidify a clean water supply for years to come? The first problem is the over usage of water to meet our ever growing needs. Not only is water used to water crops...
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...MARKETING REPORT Group: Phan Xuan Linh (77139428) Shyam Mallan (77140430) Christian Andrea (77142477) Prakash Pothina (77144112) Shrey Sugla (77144256) CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 4 LITERATURE REVIEW 4 L'ORÉAL MARKETING PLAN AND CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR 6 Cultural factors: 6 Social factors 7 Psychological factors 8 CONCLUSION 10 APPDENDICES 10 REFERENCES 11 REPORT ON THE EFFECTS OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR ON L'ORÉAL MARKETING PLANS ABSTRACT: Consumer behaviour strongly affect the consumer buying process, hence marketers always want to know what is actually happening inside customer's mind in order to provide additional values of products to users to satisfy their needs and wants. However, it is mainly influenced by three key factors - cultural factors, social factors and psychological factors - that are vital conditions for every marketing strategy to be considered before launching in the market. In cosmetic industry, although L'Oréal is the leader of the market, it is necessarily for the company to concern these factors in its marketing plan, so as to gain the market shares and remain its position above rivals such as P&G and Unilever. The report will try to find out the role of consumer behaviour in marketing strategy planning and discover the process of how L'Oreal adapt the three factors to their marketing plans order to achieve success. INTRODUCTION The term consumer behaviour is defined as "the study of how individuals, groups and organisations...
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...Overview of the Chapter Leadership is a key ingredient in effective management. When leaders are effective, their subordinates are highly motivated, committed, and high performing. When leaders are ineffective, chances are good that their subordinates do not perform to the level of their capabilities, lack motivation, and may be dissatisfied. This chapter describes what leadership is and examines major leadership models and theories that have been developed by various researchers. It also describes how managers engaging in transformational leadership can have a dramatic impact upon their organization and discusses the impact of gender on leadership. Learning Objectives 1. Describe what leadership is, when leaders are effective and ineffective, and the sources of power that enable managers to be effective leaders. 1. Identify the traits that show the strongest relationship to leadership, the behaviors leaders engage in, and the limitations of the trait and behavior models of leadership. 2. Explain how contingency models of leadership enhance our understanding of effective leadership and management in organization. 3. Describe what transformational leadership is, and explain how managers can engage in it. 4. Characterize the relationship between gender and leadership. MANAGEMENT SNAPSHOT: EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP STYLES FOR TOUGH TIMES: LESSONS FROM HOWARD SCHULTZ, RICHARD SCHULZE, DAVID FARR, AND LOU GERSTNER Each of these persons is a current or former chairman...
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...The Long- Term Effects of oil on ecosystems: A comparison of the Exxon Valdez and the BP oil spill The Exxon Valdez was a single hull, 987-foot super tanker built by the National Steel and Shipbuilding Company, out of San Diego, California. The Exxon Corporation commissioned this ship into service on December 11, 1986. After the March of 1989 collision with Bligh Reef, the vessel was towed to the shipyard in San Diego and repaired in June of 1989, more than 1,600 tons of steel needed replacing, and the cost of this repair was over $30 million dollars. The Valdez is back in use owned and operated by the Hong Kong Bloom Shipping LTD., renamed the Dong Fang Ocean, and registered out of Panama. At 12:04 A.M. on March 24, 1989, the Exxon Valdez struck Bligh Reef, Captain Joseph Hazelwood was below decks and intoxicated, the vessel was under the control of the third mate, Gregory Cousins. It was later found that in addition to the intoxicated captain, the third mate, Gregory Cousins, did not have the proper endorsement on his coast guard license to operate a ship in the pristine waters of Prince William Sound, and on top of this Exxon failed to repair the damaged radar that could have prevented the accidental grounding of the ship. At the time of impact, the Valdez was carrying 55 million gallons of crude oil and 11 million gallons of crude was spilt into one of the most delicate, and bountiful marine ecosystems on earth, Prince William Sound. This number of 11 million...
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