...anthropologist and philosopher whose work has greatly influenced the people of his time and still continues to do so today. He worked during the 1970s and 1980s studying and analyzing the idea of power within a comprehensive “theory of society”. With many years of conducting his own research, he came up with a theory of his own to identify individuals and their relationship with society and their status with power. Bourdieu sought to connect his theoretical ideas with his own life experiences to best relate his work with people of society in his time. While doing so, he managed to create a different set of key concepts to carefully break down and explain how he believes that our social system is made up and why. Although he has many revolutionary concepts, my paper will mainly focus on three of them: habitus, capital, and field. Born in Denguin, a small village located in Southern France on August 1, 1930, Pierre Felix Bourdieu was born to a working class family. Growing up, he was greatly influenced by his father to pursue the best education possible that his country could offer; because of this, Bourdieu ended up getting accepted to one of the best and most prestigious universities in France--the Ecole Normale Superieure in Paris. This is where he studied philosophy under Louis Althusser a famous Marxist thinker. After finishing school and receiving his doctorate, Bourdieu went to Algeria in 1958 where he obtained a teaching position. During his stay, he performed ethnographic...
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...Social tourism According to the survey in 1985, there were nearly 40% of respondents in the UK could not participate in an annual trip because of economic barriers. Furthermore, another important reason for 14% respondents could not take an annual trip was “personal disability”. Even though there is a connection between poverty and disability, large amounts of poor people whose poverty proved to have no connection with disability. Therefore, it is highly possible for low income families to take trips annually by adopting some measurements. It is necessary for people to take trips annually. 63% of respondents considered leaving home and taking a one-week trip yearly is essential, and fail to take trips annually may cause a sense of deprivation (Hughes, 1991). Moreover, the benefits of participation in tourism have been proved in terms of economy and social life. In addition to benefits of economy and society, individuals in society can get rest and recovery as well as the chance for learning and intercultural communication through the tourism experience. In order to provide equal chances for low-income and disabled families to enjoy tourism, social tourism as a part of social policy has been developing over the years. Hunziker explains Social Tourism as the phenomenon in tourism industry caused by participation in tour by economically disadvantaged or other disabled elements in society (Hunziker, 1951). Though there are various explanations to the concept of social tourism,...
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...emergence of the importance of the knowledge worker in today’s economy. It is critical for managers to not only recognize the importance of top talent but also the need to leverage human capital in order to innovate and, in the end, to develop products and services that create value. This chapter is divided into four sections. 1. The first section focuses on the increasing role of knowledge as the primary means of wealth generation in today’s economy. After all, in the New Economy a firm’s value is based much more on knowledge, know-how, and intellectual assets — not the traditional factors of production (i.e., labor and capital). 2. The second section addresses the key resource itself — human capital — the foundation for the creation of intellectual capital. We explore ways in which the organization can attract, develop, and retain human capital as well as the importance of recognizing the interdependence of these three activities. We also address the value of a diverse work force. 3. Third, we discuss the critical role of social capital, that is, the network of relationships among individuals. We address both social capital within organizations as well as across organizations. 4. The final section focuses on the role of technology in leveraging human capital. This can range from such basic technologies as email to more complex forms such as sophisticated knowledge management systems. We also discuss how technology can play a key role...
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...Chapter One Introduction 1.1 Introduction Displaced people fall on new life struggle by losing their social capital and network due to river bank erosion (Field observation). For this reason, in this study, the research problem was loss of social capital, network and role of safety net of the displaced people by River Bank Erosion (RBE). The main objective of this study was to measure the loss of social capital including network due to RBE, to explore the changing situation (social, economic and political) that displaced people face due to loss of social capital including network by RBE, to discover how do displaced people create new social capital including network and to assess the role of safety net to meet present crisis. In the context of socio-economic, geographical and ecological condition, the social capital including network and safety net is more important tool to meet any natural crisis. In this study village, the displaced people lost their material object as well as social capital and network. That’s why this study has focused on social capital including network and safety net programs in the context of river bank erosion. In this research problem, the word social capital has been considered as relationships, connections, links, and affiliations among displaced people and network has been referred as an informal relationship among persons, individuals and groups and safety net has been referred as the roles/programs of government and non government organizations...
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...• Define cultural and social capital and provide examples. Social capital consists of economic resources attained by being a part of a network of social relationships. Cultural capital is when you gain non-economic resources that enable social mobility. (Raskoff, 2014) In an educational environment examples of social capital would be social group involvement whereas, cultural capital would be knowledge, skills and education. Raskoff, S. (14 Nov 2014) “Social and Cultural Capital at School.” Retrieved from: http://www.everydaysociologyblog.com/2014/11/social-and-cultural-capital-at-school.html • Describe why White Americans are less likely to be concerned with social and cultural capital. White American’s are less likely to be concerned...
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...How to Invest in Social Capital by Laurence Prusak and Don Cohen Every manager knows that business runs better when people within an organization know and trust one another—deals move faster and more smoothly, teams are more productive, people learn more quickly and perform with more creativity. Strong relationships, most managers will agree, are the grease of an organization. Business gets done without them, but not for long and not very well. Scholars have given a name—social capital—to the relationships that make organizations work effectively. The term nicely captures the notion that investments in these relationships return real gains that show up on the bottom line. In fact, it all sounds pretty simple and straightforward. Managers need only get their people connected with one another and wait for the payback. Easy, right? Wrong for two reasons. First, social capital is under assault in most organizations today because of rising volatility and overreliance on virtuality. More simply put, social capital is under assault because building relationships in turbulent times is tough—and tougher still with many people working off—site or on their own. Second, social capital is under assault because few managers know how to invest in it. Knowing that healthy relationships help an organization thrive is one thing; making those relationships happen is quite another. For the past three years, we have explored managerial activities and techniques that constitute investments...
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...perspectives about what makes such studies. The significance of sociological theories should not be underestimated. They give phenomenologically sufficient depictions of how individuals experience different social courses of action in the society. In many occasions of my life, I have applied the social capital theory in many ways. The most recent one was in my education where I developed a good student-teacher relationship. Over the past decades, the theory has become a promising one, especially in analysis. Multiple kinds of capital accumulate through the process of network development to which the social capital theory offers an in-depth framework for analyzing why and how the social capital. As an...
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...term ‘social capital’ was first coined by Pierre Bourdieu who used it to describe the networks of relationships among people in society, and how it allows society to function properly. Bourdieu’s thinking was concerned with the understanding of social hierarchy. He believed that economic capital is at the root of all other forms of capital, and he was interested how economic capital could combine with other forms of capital to create and reproduce inequality (Ihelen, 2005). Although Bourdieu focused more on the terms themselves and how they played a part in society it is clear to see how he influenced the argument of different capitals effect on the class system. As Bourdieu states, looking at other forms of capital from an economic perspective,...
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...Bible that was given to me some years ago. It goes like this, “For a man to say, I do not want money, is to say, I do not wish to do any good to my fellow men" (Conwell). Everyone wants money, only if it is to do good for your family’s future. From the rich business professional perched high in their penthouse to the lowly street peddler on the corner, everyone has a story on how and why they ended up in that position. The United States is seen as the place where everyone has the opportunity of the “American Dream”. That includes the opportunity for one's children to grow up and attain to their fullest potential in which they are capable of, and seen for what they are and not what they are born with. It is the opportunity to make individual choices without the restrictions of class, religion, race, or ethnic group. In this research paper, I will explore the different aspects of income mobility, by looking at some intragenerational and intergenerational mobility issues. Then I will also breakdown and show some of the different economic mobility indicators and how they play an important role on how income...
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...innovative ideas are the key to each business productivity and success. In explaining the importance of a innovative business vision, mission, values, and determining a business model for Boise Cascade Holdings, L.L.C. this will help the company to succeed in their future endeavors. Innovation Most good company’s know the importance of innovation; therefore, let’s look at an overview of innovation in business to really breakdown the structure and its components. According to “Queensland Government” (2015), “There are several reasons why the generation of new ideas can be critical to your business’s success. Although every organization will have its own priorities and sector-specific issues to balance, businesses that fail to innovate run the risk of losing ground to competitors, losing key staff, or simply operation inefficiently. Innovation can be a key differentiator between market leaders and their rivals” (Why business innovation is important). Innovation is a key part of an organizations business and its plan to succeed. According to “Queensland Government” (2015), “Innovation can help you discover what opportunities exist now, or are likely to emerge in the future. Successful businesses not only respond to their current customer or organizational needs, but often anticipate future trends and develop an idea, product or service that allows them to meet this future demand rapidly and effectively. Innovation will help you stay...
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...Cultural capital which French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu did a great contribution to develop is one of different type capitals that plays important roles in society. Cultural capital reflect(s) the degree of one’s (a person’s) understanding and practice on one culture,it can be transformed into different other capitals such as economic, social, symbolic which are necessary for people to seek for a better life. (Richard 2011:104) There are three kind cultural capitals forms.The first one is called “embodied state”.This state emphasize an individual, his/her initial cultural capital will come from his/her family,change another word the individual is the successor of his/her family cultural capital.The capital that individual gets from the family...
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...THE ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF IMMIGRANTS The Role of Human and Social Capital AGNIESZKA KANAS Kanas, A.M. The Economic Performance of Immigrants. The Role of Human and Social Capital Dissertation, Utrecht University, The Netherlands Cover illustration: Krzysztof Wodiczko, Goscie/Guests, 2009, instalacja wideo/video installation, 17,17 min./minutes. Dzieki uprzejmosci artysty i Fundacji Profile/courtesy of the artist and Profile Foundation, Warsaw. Cover design: Agnieszka Kanas & Sebastian Gryglewicz Printed by: Wöhrmann Print Service ISBN: 978-90-393-5550-3 © Agnieszka Kanas, 2011 All Rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrival system of any nature, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electrnically, mechanically, by photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission from the author. THE ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF IMMIGRANTS The Role of Human and Social Capital DE ECONOMISCHE POSITIE VAN IMMIGRANTEN De rol van menselijk en sociaal kapitaal (met een samenvatting in het Nederlands) Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit Utrecht op gezag van de rector magnificus, prof.dr. G.J. van der Zwaan, ingevolge het besluit van het college voor promoties in het openbaar te verdedigen op dinsdag 28 juni 2011 des middags te 2.30 uur door Agnieszka Małgorzata Kanas geboren op 3 februari 1980 te Trzcianka, Polen Promotoren: Prof. dr. F.A...
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...In this essay, the view that social class differences in educational underachievement are the result of school processes such as labelling will be assessed. Internal and external factors will be assessed with the use of researchers such as: Bernstein, Bereiter & Engelmann, Keddie and Howard. Internal factors such as labelling have been shown to effect education achievement. To label someone is to attach a meaning or definition to them. Becker carried out a study on labelling on 60 Chicago high school teachers, and found that they judged pupils according to how closely they fit an image of the ideal pupil. The pupils work, conduct, and appearance were key factors to the teachers’ judgements. Becker found that middle class children were closer to the image of the ideal pupil whereas the working class children were furthest away and seen as badly behaved. Cicourel & Kituse’s study of educational counsellors in an American high school shows how this labelling can disadvantage working class student. They found that the way in which counsellors would assess the student’s suitability for courses. They judged students on the basis of their class and/or race. Where students would have the same grades, they work more likely to label middle class pupils as having college potential and to place them on higher level courses. Rist did a study on an American kindergarten and found that the teachers used information about the children’s home, background and appearance to place them...
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...Define ‘human capital’ and its impact on your organization There are various ways Human capital can be defined; I have chosen to define Human capital in simple terms: Human capital is the value that each employee brings to the organisation, in accordance to individual’s knowledge, skills and capability. Probably this is the only reason why the biggest companies in the world are recognised by their talent and attitude of their employees. Analyse what differentiates human from intellectual capital I work for a media organisation Engine Group. One of our division (JAM) is dominated by age 21-30.Creative industry has a very strong association with technological developments which is generally more rapidly adopted by young people. There is a brainstorming and idea sharing session conducted across all nine companies. With effective nurturing and regularly conducting training workshop we aim to add value to our capital and leap frog into new areas of wealth creation. We as creative industry are always at the crossroad between Technology, Business and Arts. Hence the marriage of technological application and intellectual capital provides the main source of wealth in this sector, continuous learning and high degree of experimentation are key to achieving sustained and cumulative growth Analyse relationship between human capital and other forms of Capital Different forms of Capital are: Human Capital, Social Capital, Economic Capital and infrastructure Capital Any effort to...
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...1. A friend suggests that organizational behavior courses are useful only to people who will enter management careers. Discuss the accuracy of your friend’s statement. This chapter begins by saying that this book is about people working in organizations. Undoubtedly, many individuals will specialize in a distinct 1ield of study and enter careers other than management. However, they too will be members in work organizations. As such, the three main reasons for studying organizational behavior (understanding, predicting, in1luencing) will bene1it them as well. You may think of this technical knowledge/skills as providing “what” you need to know and be able to do to be successful in your chosen 1ield. On the other hand, OB knowledge bene1its everyone by addressing the people issues needed to apply technical knowledge and skills. Knowledge of OB provides valuable knowledge of “how” to address these people issues when applying accounting, marketing, engineering and other ideas in organizational settings. Ultimately, an individual’s career success is largely determined by his or her ability to understand and apply concepts in motivation, communication, team dynamics and other OB topics. 2. A number of years ago, employees in a city water distribution department were put into teams and encouraged to ?ind ways to improve ef?iciency. The teams boldly crossed departmental boundaries and areas of management discretion in search of problems. Employees working in other parts of the city began ...
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