...In the United States Constitution, compromise was used many times and that is why we are living in this nation today. One of the many compromises was the Great Compromise, which involved Roger Sherman proposing different representation in the two-house legislature. He wanted the Upper House (the Senate), to have two members in each state. Sherman also wanted the Lower House (the House of Representatives) to have the same number of seats based on the state’s population. The Virginia Plan was created by Edmond Ralph and James Madison; it required a strong government, which meant that bigger states had an advantage. This plan also included three branches: Legislature, Executive, and Judicial; therefore, all the power would be split and...
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...Convention was an important event because it is what lead us to the government we have now. The different compromises are what lead to the methods that were used and still being used nowadays The Constitutional Convention was a meeting that took place in Philadelphia in 1787. The purpose of that meeting was to rewrite the Articles of Confederation. There were fifty five men who were delegates, their purpose was to have the federal government strengthen. The delegates did not think that rewriting the Articles of Confederation would actually work out. Eventually they wrote the U.S. Constitution. George Washington was chosen to lead the convention. All of the delegates had to agree that every state would get one vote. They did not want anyone to know about what was going on during the convention meetings. The delegates made sure to keep everything a secret, anyone who was not a delegate were not allowed to attend any meetings. We have no written documents because they kept everything a secret of what had occurred during the meetings. The only details we have today is from a notebook that belonged to James Madison. However, James Madison is known as the “Father of the Constitution.” He had also helped write the federalist papers. At the Constitutional Convention James Madison had done a very good job. When the delegates had to decided to write the “Bill of Rights” he was against it. James Madison was afraid that the future people would just go by those ten amendments that were listed...
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...Exam 4 – Essay #1 The United States Congress is a bicameral legislature that was created with the Connecticut Compromise during the Constitutional Convention of 1787. There are two chambers, the House and the Senate, that are directly elected by the people. The role of Congress is to make law. The House creates tax bills and votes to impeach, while the Senate approves treaties, appointments, and votes to convict the impeached. The Senate is considered the “upper house” because it is more exclusive as there are only 100 members as compared to 435 members of the House. To be a Senator, one must be thirty years of age and a U.S. citizen for at least nine years. House members must be twenty-five years of age and a citizen for only seven years. Another reason the Senate more exclusive is that their term is six years long, but members of the House are up for re-election every two years. Although the Congress is comprised mostly of white males, the number of women, African Americans, and Latinos has increased dramatically since 1991. Each chamber in Congress greatly differs in the people they represent. Members of the House are elected from districts that are apportioned according to how many people live in the area, while there are two Senators from each state regardless of the population of that state. Members of the House usually deal more with local issues, because their constituents are from a specific area, usually relatively small compared to the size of the state. Senators...
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... | | |U.S. Constitution | Copyright © 2012, 2010, 2008, 2006, 2005, 2004, 2003, 2002, 2000, 1997, 1994 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course is an introduction to the historical, political, philosophical, and economic roots of the U.S. Constitution. It first reviews the philosophical arguments of the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists, those that supported and opposed ratification of the Constitution. The course then examines milestone Supreme Court decisions and the Court’s evolving interpretations of the Constitution. This course focuses on the first ten amendments of the Constitution, known as the Bill of Rights, and the issues of slavery and civil rights as seen through major court decisions. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. • Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently changed...
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...of rights was the name given to the first ten amendments of the United States Constitution. These amendments guarantee a number of personal freedom, limit the government’s power in judicial and other proceedings, and reserve some powers to the state and the public. At the beginning these amendments applied only to the federal government, later on they were incorporated to the government of each state. James Madison believed that all the citizens needed to be protected from the state and national government. Madison gathered ideas and came up with 42 rights that needed to be protected for each individual. His 42 rights were cut down to 27 by the House of Representatives. Then they were cut to 12 by the time Senate approved them. Finally only 10 were approved by the states. These became the first 10 amendments to the Constitution on December 15, 1791 and became known as The Bill of Rights. To me the most important amendment is the First Amendment. I think this amendment should never change. The First Amendment states, “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof, or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.” This amendment is the freedom of speech, religion, and acts. Thanks to this amendment we can all be unique, we are able to express...
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...Constitutional Law Introduction Many people assume that a government acts from a vague position of strength and can enact any regulation it deems necessary or desirable. This chapter emphasizes a different perspective from which to view the law: action taken by the government must come from authority and this authority cannot be exceeded. Neither Congress nor any state may pass a law in conflict with the Constitution. The Constitution is the supreme law in this country. The Constitution is the source of federal power and to sustain the legality of a federal law or action a specific federal power must be found in the Constitution. States have inherent sovereign power—that is, the power to enact legislation that has a reasonable relationship to the welfare of the citizens of that state. The power of the federal government was delegated to it by the states while the power of the states was retained by them when the Constitution was ratified. The Constitution does not expressly give the states the power to regulate, but limits the states’ exercise of powers not delegated to the federal government. Chapter Outline I. The Constitutional Powers of Government Before the U.S. Constitution, the Articles of Confederation defined the central government. A. A Federal Form of Government The U.S. Constitution established a federal form of government, delegating certain powers to the national government. The states retain...
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...in the 39th clause of Magna Carta (1215) which provides that ‘no freeman shall be arrested or imprisoned or deprived of his freehold or outlawed or banished or in any way ruined, nor will we (ie the monarch) take or order action against him, except by the lawful judgment of his equals and according to the law of the land’. b. The United States Constitution iv. 1789 v. Bill of Rights – proposed in 1789 and ratified (became law) in 1791. vi. Chapter 1, Page 14 – Provisions of Bill of Rights – Table 1.2 vii. The notion of due process is also embodied in the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments of the US Constitution, and in Articles 5 and 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights. viii. The reference in the 5th Amendment applies only to the federal government and its courts and agencies. The reference in the 14th Amendment extends protection of due process to all state governments, agencies, and courts. c. Individual Rights in the Original Constitution ix. Habeas Corpus – Article 1, Section 9, Clause 2 an individual who has been restrained, by the government, in some way, may petition a Federal Court for a writ of habeas corpus to test whether the restraint violates the Constitution of laws of the United States. – Chapter 2 x. Bill of...
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...and burglary. Gideon was sentenced to ten years in prison but was released in 1932 after serving three years. Gideon would spend most of the next thirty years in poverty and in and out of prison. Throughout this time he was married four times, the first three marriages ended very quickly but the last marriage in the 1950’s would last longer. Gideon and his wife settled in Panama City, Florida after having three children who would later be taken away by welfare authorities. Gideon found work as an electrician but gambled to subsidize his low income. Gideon would not go back to jail again until 1961. On June 3, 1961 four fifths of wine, twelve bottles of Coca Cola, twelve cans of beer, about five dollars from the cigarette machine and sixty dollars from the juke box were stolen from Bay Harbor Poolroom which belonged to Ira Strickland Jr. A twenty-two year old resident that lived close by, Henry Cook, told the police that he saw Gideon get into a cab after walking out of the pool hall with a bottle of wine and pockets filled with coins. Consequently, Gideon was arrested in a nearby tavern and ordered to stand trial. On August 4, 1961, Clarence Earl Gideon appeared for trial before Judge Robert L. McCrary, Jr. in the Circuit Court of the Fourteenth Judicial Circuit of Florida for Bay County. The trial transcript begins as follows: (Lewis P9) The Court: The next case on the docket is the case of...
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...Constitution Civil Rights A police chief from New York police department, who deliberately threatened to kill and beat a man who broke into an SUV and took some embarrassing items, including sex toys, and several other items. He pleaded guilty in federal court on Friday to violating a citizen’s civil rights. The chief who led one of the country's largest suburban police departments is expected to receive over four years in prison for his actions. He also tried to cover up the beating as well, which then took place at the police station, he pleaded guilty to violating the suspect's civil rights. The ex-chief, along with several other members willfully used unreasonable force and physically hurt the individual causing major injuries. He deeply regrets not being honest. His plea reflects his desire to accept his responsibility for his own actions. The chief also admitted the he did, in fact use unnecessary force, slapping and hitting the man causing injuries. The chief did not elaborate much, but other officers were involved in the assault. The chief was arrested in December for his actions. A letter was written arguing against bail, the former prosecutor said that the ex-chief member was trying to get revenge on the man who broke into his SUV. The ex-chief just went way out of control. He called the suspect a pervert while he was freaking out. He was deliberately punching, hitting, and screaming, while threatening to kill the suspect with a heroin...
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...“Amendment of Bangladesh Constitution and Basic Structure Doctrine” 25. Nov, 2010 Introduction: The Constitution of Bangladesh is the highest ruling of Bangladesh. It represents Bangladesh as a democratic republic nation where all the power is in the hands of Bangladeshi people[1] and characterizes basic political principles of the state and stands for the fundamental rights of citizens. It was approved by the Assembly of Bangladesh on November 4, 1972; it was exercised from December 16, 1972. The constitution stands as the most powerful evidence to state Bangladesh as a unitary, independent and Republic, founded on a struggle for national liberation, and that is how we achieve the People’s Republic of Bangladesh. It lays a strong foundation of nationalism, secularity, democracy and socialism as the essential ethics that stands for the Republic and declares the quest of a society that gives its citizens- the rule of law, fundamental civil rights and independence as well as fairness and evenhandedness, political, economic and social. The Constitution of Bangladesh was written by international personals and other experienced people. However, amendments during socialist one party and military rule in Bangladesh drastically changed the material and moderate democratic character of the constitution. In August, 2005, the Bangladesh High Court approved a pointer finding that states constitutional amendments in military ruling as unlawful and also unconstitutional, so completely invalid...
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...various religions. The Death Penalty and its Permissibility Introduction of the Death Penalty The death penalty or capital punishment is the practice of executing someone as a form of punishment for a heinous or specific crime following a proper legal trial. The death penalty is usually a punishment sentenced for serious types of murders, in some countries treason, types of fraud, adultery and rape, which are capital crimes (Capital Punishment, 2013). The death penalty was introduced as early as the Eighteenth Century B.C. in the Code of King Hammaurabi of Babylon, who codified the death penalty for 25 different crimes. In the Seventh Century B.C. Athens the Draconian Code made the death the only form of punishment for all crimes. Fifth Century B.C. by the Romans in the Twelve Tablets, the death sentences were carried out by crucifixion, drowning, beating the criminal to death, burning alive and impalement (Death Penalty Information Center, 2012). Britain, in the Tenth Century A.D, main method of executing the death penalty was by hanging....
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...The Lizzie Borden Trial Abstract The 1893 trial of Lizzie Borden has been analyzed by historians throughout the twentieth and now twenty first century. Particular interest has been placed on whether Lizzie Borden was guilty or innocent, given the considerable amount of time that has passed it would be irrational to speculate on the jury’s decision to acquit Lizzie. Focusing on the evidence obtained by the Fall River police department and District Attorney Hosea Knowlton we can obtain a better view of the events which occurred that fateful day in August, 1982. Why did the panel of judges disallow so much key evidence presented by the prosecution and could the actions of key courtroom figures have set free a guilty woman? The late nineteenth century would be a critical time in the evolution of substantive and procedural rights, including the right to remain silent for United States citizens. Today men and women enjoy equal rights in the eyes of the law but late in the nineteenth century things were much different, could the way men viewed women have set free a murderer? On a scorching 1892 August day in Fall River, Massachusetts, Andrew and Abby Borden were violently murdered in their home on Second Street. The Lizzie Borden trial held in 1893 attracted attention from nearly the entire United States with newspapers in New York City, Providence, and Boston publishing articles at a frenzied pace. The subsequent police investigation and trial of Lizzie Borden gained national...
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...Nichole l. Gardner | Environmental Science | May 6, 2015 Nichole l. Gardner | Environmental Science | May 6, 2015 LD 325 An Act to phase out the use of single use plastic shopping bags LD 325 An Act to phase out the use of single use plastic shopping bags One hundred and sixty thousand plastic bags are used globally every second of every day. China, a country of 1.3 billion, consumes three billion plastic bags daily, or one trillion ninety five billion per year, according to China Trade News. (Plastics News) In 1965, Celloplast came up with the design on which all modern plastic shopping bags are based: a tube of plastic sealed at the bottom to allow for the packaging of goods, an open top to insert such items into the bag and handles for convenient carrying. This bag is commonly known as the T-shirt bag or single use plastic shopping bag. By the end of 1985, 75% of U.S. grocery stores carried plastic bags in addition to paper ones, and today, plastic bags have secured more than 80% of the grocery and convenience store market. When Exxon Mobile introduced these bags to the U.S. in the late 1970’s they were immediately met with controversy. Not only were people worried about the environmental impact of the plastic, but suburban shoppers preferred paper bags that would stand upright in the trunks of their cars, while city folk liked the handles on the plastic bags to carry on their walk home. Plastic bags won the minds and hearts of business owners worried about their...
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...Equal Rights Amendment and Its Implications for Business BMGT 380 Business Law The Equal Rights Amendment as proposed in 1923 was to specifically promote the equality of all persons regardless of gender. Arguments for and against use scary rhetoric to convince others that their side is the only option. The ratification of the ERA could diminish legal battles, as it would negate the traditional assumption that males hold rights and females must prove that they hold them. However, highly controversial and emotional issues such as abortion rights and gay right continue to cloud the overall intent of the Amendment. An Equal Rights Amendment would remove that differential assumption and shift the burden of proof to the alleged discriminator. The ERA while not creating a radical shift in most businesses, could affect industries and jobs that have been seen as traditionally male career fields including professional sports, the military and other highly physical or hazardous careers. Women would have the option to participate in these career fields and be subject to military conscription. “The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) was the most highly publicized and debated constitutional amendment before the United States for most of the 1970s and early 1980s.” (Answers.com, 2009) The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) stated "equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account...
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...2012 [PANCHAYAT RAJ (EXTENSION TO SCHEDULED AREAS) ACT OF 1996: POLICY BRIEF ] Policy brief on Panchayat Raj (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act of 1996 By C.R Bijoy Page 1 LIST CONTENTS List of Tables Acronyms and Abbreviations Executive Summary 1 Introduction and Brief History 1.1 Local Self-Governance 1.2 Scheduled Areas 1.3 Panchayat (Extension to the Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996 (PESA 1.3.1 Key provisions 2 Status of Panchayat Raj 2.1 Current Status of the Panchayats in Non-Scheduled Areas 2.2 Current Status of PESA 2.3 Left Wing Effected Districts and Scheduled Area 3 Key issues relating to implementation of PESA 3.1 Strengthening PESA and Governance in Scheduled Area 3.1.1 At the level of central government 3.1.2 At the level of States 3 4 5 6 6 8 11 15 23 23 29 38 39 41 41 44 Page 2 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Status of devolution of departments/subjects with funds, functions and functionaries to the Panchayati Raj Institutions in States with Scheduled Area Table 2: Status of Devolution of Departments/Subjects with Funds, Functions and Functionaries to Panchayati Raj Institutions in PESA States Table 3: Performance of PESA States on cumulative and incremental Devolution Index (DI) which measures the extent to which States have devolved funds, functions and functionaries to Panchayats, for 2011-2012 Table 4: Panchayat Empowerment & Accountability Incentive Scheme (PEAIS) 2010-11 Table 5: Provision of the Panchayat (Extension to the Scheduled Areas) Act...
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