...Page | 1 Executive Summary This report presents key findings from the Department of Energy’s Advanced Drivetrain Workshop, held on June 29‐30, 2010 in Broomfield, Colorado, to assess different advanced drivetrain technologies, their relative potential to improve the state‐of‐the‐art in wind turbine drivetrains, and the scope of research and development needed for their commercialization in wind turbine applications. The Advanced Drivetrain Workshop evaluated next‐generation technologies to identify those with potential to radically improve the reliability, performance, and capital cost of wind turbine drivetrains beyond the incremental improvements that might be expected for current state‐of‐the‐art technologies. The workshop featured four separate discussion tracks, each focused on a broad category of drivetrain technologies: Superconducting Drivetrains; Advanced Permanent Magnet Generators; Continuously Variable Transmissions and Fluid Drive Systems; and Innovative and Non‐Traditional Drivetrain Concepts. Workshop participants identified major research topics with the potential to improve on the state‐of‐ the‐art in wind turbine drivetrains for each of the four broad drivetrain technology categories. The participants also listed the major barriers to the commercialization of these technologies and potential research and development pathways for overcoming those barriers. Those results are summarized in Table 1 below. Table 1. Benefits, Barriers...
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...Vitamin stops static electricity Clearing out uncharged molecules may prevent charge buildup A little vitamin E could zap static cling. The chemical wipes out static electricity by getting rid of molecules that stabilize charge, researchers report in the Sept. 20 Science. By adding vitamin E or similar chemicals to coatings for electronics, manufacturers could fend off the electrostatic shocks that fry computer chips. Static electricity may be best known for delivering tiny jolts to people shuffling across carpets. But in electronics, “the situation is very serious,” says physical chemist Fernando Galembeck of the University of Campinas in Brazil, who was not involved with the new work. Beyond messing up motherboards, electrostatic shocks can spark fires and explosions that injure people and damage property. “These things happen all the time,” he says. Static electricity has kindled scientists’ interest for millennia, ever since Greek philosopher Thales of Miletus purportedly charged up a hunk of amber by rubbing it against wool around 2,600 years ago. Still, how exactly friction causes static electricity remains a mystery, says chemical engineer Daniel Lacks of Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland. “What happens when things charge is totally unknown scientifically.” In the last few years, Bilge Baytekin, study leader Bartosz Grzybowski and colleagues at Northwestern University in Evanston, Ill., have chipped away at the big unknown. They’ve shown how to charge...
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...SERVICE SPECIFICATION DNVGL-SE-0074 Edition December 2014 Type and component certification of wind turbines according to IEC 61400-22 The electronic pdf version of this document found through http://www.dnvgl.com is the officially binding version. The documents are available free of charge in PDF format. DNV GL AS FOREWORD DNV GL service specifications contain procedural requirements for obtaining and retaining certificates and other conformity statements to the objects, personnel, organisations and/or operations in question. © DNV GL AS Any comments may be sent by e-mail to rules@dnvgl.com This service document has been prepared based on available knowledge, technology and/or information at the time of issuance of this document, and is believed to reflect the best of contemporary technology. The use of this document by others than DNV GL is at the user's sole risk. DNV GL does not accept any liability or responsibility for loss or damages resulting from any use of this document. Changes – current CHANGES – CURRENT General This service specification supersedes and replaces the January 2014 edition of DNV-DSS-904. Service specification DNVGL-SE-0074 – Edition December 2014 DNV GL AS Page 3 CHANGES – CURRENT .................................................................................................. 3 Sec.1 Introduction .....................................................................................................
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...Knowledge of Wind Turbines The purpose of this presentation is to inform the audience about general information on wind energy. I want to inform the audience of the basic design of a wind plant. I will also introduce them to the basics of wind turbines and what a wind turbine site consists of. The best audience for this presentation is anyone without previous knowledge of wind turbines. This presentation is designed to generally educated people on wind turbines and wind sites. It is not designed to go into real depth with wind turbines. If there was anyone interested in getting wind turbines on their land this presentation would help to let them know what to expect. They type of audience that would resist this knowledge is any group that works in fossil fuels. These communities usually worry that their jobs our in jeopardy because of green energy. This topic is important because of the increase in wind turbines throughout the United States and world. It is important for us to understand the basics of what they do and what a plant is made up. The reason this is important is because we the people vote to allow turbines in our communities. The more information we have on the technology the better decision people can make for their communities. Research shows that due to better technology and the demand for green energy Wind Turbine development is increasing across the United States. Today I’m going to give a brief back ground of the history of turbines and talk...
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...Engineering B. Sc. Final Year Project WIND ENERGY Presented By: Ahmed Magdy Ahmed Mokhtar Latifa Ahmed Supervised By: Dr.Amr Magdy DECLARATION I hereby certify that this material, which I now submit for assessment on the programme of study leading to the award of Bachelor of Science in (insert title of degree for which registered) is entirely my own work, that I have exercised reasonable care to ensure that the work is original, and does not to the best of my knowledge breach any law of copyright, and has not been taken from the work of others save and to the extent that such work has been cited and acknowledged within the text of my work. Signed: _____________________________ Registration No.: ___________ Date: 6/7/2013 2 ACKNOWLEDGMENT To my honourable Dr.AMR MAGDY We were honoured and pleased at the same time to work under the supervision of you, you spent a lot of time with us, at the time you definitely had lots of other important occupations. This work would have never been done without your assistance.Very thanking prof.Dr. Yasser Galal on his effort with us the past five years.Thanking engineers Noha Magdy and Ashraf Brdwyli to help us in the project. 3 ABSTRACT Wind energy is fast becoming the most preferable alternative to conventional sources of electric power. wind turbines are now coming up in almost all parts of the world. In the early days of development, wind turbines were designed to rotate at constant speed ...
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...1 INTRODUCTION TO WIND ENERGY........................................................................................................1 1.1 What is wind energy..................................................................................................................................1 1.2 Why use wind energy ................................................................................................................................1 Why choose wind over conventional fuel sources .........................................................................1 1.2.2 Why choose wind over other renewable energy technologies............................................................1 1.3 The history and rise of wind energy ..........................................................................................................2 1.3.1 The first windmills were for mechanical power generation ...............................................................2 1.3.2 Electrical power generation ................................................................................................................3 1.4 Wind energy in Australia ..........................................................................................................................6 1.5 Wind energy in the future..........................................................................................................................7 1.5.1 Onshore wind energy ...............................................
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...Report on Environmental Analysis of Wind Turbine Market in India ‘Suzlon’s Perspective’ As the Part of the course “Marketing Management” Course Instructor Dr. Preeta Vyas Adani Institute of Infrastructure Management Date: 08/08/2011 Submitted By: Deepesh Vaishanava,Gyan Prakash,Jyoti Shanker Pandey, Neeraj Mehra,Raja Bhattacharjee,Ujjayini Chakraborty. (Group IV) Environmental Analysis of Wind Turbine Market in India: ‘Suzlon’s Perspective’ Selected Infrastructure Sector for study: -- Wind Energy. Selected Company: -- Suzlon. Suzlon: An overview Suzlon as a group aims to provide a strong renewable energy platform thereby promising to power a greener tomorrow, today. Together with its subsidiary REpower, Suzlon has grown to be the 3rd largest wind turbine supplier in the world ensuring it builds a strong and futuristic path for the wind energy sector. From initiating a wind power project, till completion and even beyond, Suzlon ensures that nothing stands in the way of it serving its purpose. Market Leader: In India market share more than 50% , International 6.9% , Largest in India & Asia End to End Solution: Vertical Integration: delivers end-to-end wind power solutions from assembly, installation to commissioning both on shore and offshore. The company manufactures blades, generators, panels, and towers. Downward integration: turnkey projects through its project management and installation consultancy, operations & maintenance services. Extensive R &...
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...School of Innovation, Design and Engineering Bachelor Thesis in Aeronautical Engineering 15 credits, Basic level 300 Investigation of Different Airfoils on Outer Sections of Large Rotor Blades Authors: Torstein Hiorth Soland and Sebastian Thuné Report code: MDH.IDT.FLYG.0254.2012.GN300.15HP.Ae Sammanfattning Vindkraft står för ca 3 % av jordens produktion av elektricitet. I jakten på grönare kraft, så ligger mycket av uppmärksamheten på att få mer elektricitet från vindens kinetiska energi med hjälp av vindturbiner. Vindturbiner har använts för elektricitetsproduktion sedan 1887 och sedan dess så har turbinerna blivit signifikant större och med högre verkningsgrad. Driftsförhållandena förändras avsevärt över en rotors längd. Inre delen är oftast utsatt för mer komplexa driftsförhållanden än den yttre delen. Den yttre delen har emellertid mycket större inverkan på kraft och lastalstring. Här är efterfrågan på god aerodynamisk prestanda mycket stor. Vingprofiler för mitten/yttersektionen ...
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...Vanadium". It is made up of sulfuric acid, and emulsified vanadium particles. The electrolyte is pumped from separate storage tanks into flow cells across a proton exchange membrane (PEM) where one form of electrolyte is electrochemically oxidized and the other is electrochemically reduced. Sulphuric acid is manufactured through the catalytic action of vanadium pentoxide. V5 looses oxygen to oxidize the sulfur giving sulphur trioxide and V4. Some vanadium ions remain in the final acid and so is an obvious choice for the electrolyte. The VRB-ESS installation for Hydro Tasmania on King Island in Australia was completed in November 2003. King Island is a small remote location off the south coast of Australia that supports and operates 5 wind turbines ranging from 250 - 850kW and Four Diesel generators at 1.5MW each that act as a remote grid to supply power...
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...| Introduction Kenya’s energy sector faces daunting challenges, characterized by high cost and insufficient supply. Nearly 80% of Kenyans are living without access to basic Energy services; a top priority for the government is to improve access to adequate and affordable energy supply. The existing energy supply is heavily dependent upon hydroelectric power thus due to the rapid growth in demand for energy means that Kenya must find new ways to provide crucial energy services to its people. The available options include Renewable energy resources like geothermal. Kenya has nearly 7,000 MW geothermal potential, yet it remains largely undeveloped due to economic and financial limitations, insufficient technical and human capacity, and various social constraints. However the government has now turned around and is aiming at producing about 16000MW of power by 2030. The country currently produces about 1500 MWs primarily from hydro stations (57%-hydro power, about 32%-thermal and the rest comprises geothermal and emergency thermal power). To bridge this huge deficit in the short time, courses as EMM 516 were developed to provide man-power needed to sustain the projected growth. First we visited the Kiambere power station the Tana station and Kangaita tea factory for a boiler’s experience. We later visited the Embakasi gas turbine then to Olkaria II geothermal power generation plant. In this report I will basically describe the outlay...
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...POLITECNICO DI TORINO I FACOLTÀ DI INGEGNERIA INGEGNERIA DELL’AUTOVEICOLO (AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING) Thesis for degree of Bachelor of Science Electric City Car – Energy consumption analysis Supervisor: Prof. Giuliano Cozzari, Prof. Andrea Festini Applicant: Zheng Hang 1. Introduction 1.1. 1.2. 1.3. General introduction about EV and the team project Speed and acceleration, all about an EV Basic concept in calculation 2. Energy consumption calculation in design phase 2.1. Weight and distribution effect 2.1.1. Weight and climbing 2.1.2. Weight and speed 2.1.3. Weight affect range, Balance and other important facts 2.2. Aerodynamic effect 2.2.1. Define of aerodynamic drag force 2.2.2. Other aerodynamic contributes 2.2.3. Effective of frontal area and coefficient of drag 2.3. Rolling resistance 2.3.1. Definition of rolling resistance 2.3.2. Combined analysis of aerodynamic drag and rolling resistance 2.3.3. Maximum power that can be transferred by the tires to the road 2.4. Transmission efficiency analysis 2.4.1. Structures about the transmission system available 2.4.2. Efficiency of the transmission system 3. Energy consumption calculation of EV 1 3.1. Calculation methodology overview and Target specification of our EV 3.2. Calculation and evaluation of the energy consumption 3.2.1. Required and available power 3.2.2. Motor output and acceleration 3.2.3. Acceleration time evaluation of our EV ...
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...CHASSIS 1 INTRODUCTION “Chassis” a French term which means the complete Automobiles without Body and it includes all the systems like power plant, transmission, steering, suspension, wheels tyres, auto electric system etc. A vehicle without body is called as a chassis. If Body is also attached to it them it is known as the particular vehicle as per the shape and design of the body. 1.1 BASIC LAYOUT OF CHASSIS FRAME Figure 1 Chassis layout Figure 1 shows the layout of chassis. It shows that the engine is located at the front end of the vehicle. It is connected to the gear box through clutch. The drive of the engine can be connected or disconnected from the gearbox with the help of the clutch pedal. From the gearbox, the power is transmitted to the differential through propeller shaft and finally to the wheels via rear axles. 2 MAIN COMPONENTS OF CHASSIS 2.1 FRAME The frame is the main part of the chassis on which remaining parts of chassis are mounted. The frame should be extremely rigid and strong so that it can withstand shocks, twists, stresses and vibrations to which it is subjected while vehicle is moving on road. It is also called under body. The frame is supported on the wheels and tyre assemblies. The frame is narrow in the front for providing short turning radius to front wheels. It widens out at the rear side to provide larger space in the body. 2.1.1 FUNCTIONS OF FRAME 1. To carryall the stationary loads attached to it and loads of passenger...
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...Technologies for Alternative Energy Climate Change Working Paper No. 7 Ainsley Jolley Climate Change Project Working Paper Series March 2006 Centre for Strategic Economic Studies Victoria University PO Box 14428 Melbourne VIC 8001 AUSTRALIA Telephone +613 9919 1340 Fax +613 9919 1350 Email: csesinfo@vu.edu.au Website: http://www.cfses.com Technologies for Alternative Energy 1. Introduction In Papers 5 and 6 technologies for the main sources of energy consumption were discussed. In Papers 7 and 8 the attention is focussed on technologies that impact on emissions from energy production. Table 1 provides data on the main sources of GHG emissions in the advanced economies for the year 2000. Table 1. Sources of GHG Emissions in the Advanced Economies, 2000 Source of emissions Electricity and heat production Petroleum refining Other energy production (coal and gas transformation) Fugitive emissions (coal, oil and gas) Total energy production All sources of emissions Note: (a) energy production as % of all sources of emissions. Source: CSES (2004). Tg CO2 -e 3831.2 420.7 324.6 441.5 5018.1 13175.3 % of total 76.3 8.4 6.5 8.8 38.1 (a) Papers 7 and 8 focus on emissions from the production of electricity and heat, which represent 76.3% of all emissions related to energy production. The other sources of emissions are not discussed in detail in this report. Coverage of the issues relating to these sources of emissions is given in CSES (2004). Incremental technological...
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...This page intentionally left blank SEVENTH EDITION Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer THEODORE L. BERGMAN Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Connecticut ADRIENNE S. LAVINE Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department University of California, Los Angeles FRANK P. INCROPERA College of Engineering University of Notre Dame DAVID P. DEWITT School of Mechanical Engineering Purdue University JOHN WILEY & SONS VICE PRESIDENT & PUBLISHER EXECUTIVE EDITOR EDITORIAL ASSISTANT MARKETING MANAGER PRODUCTION MANAGER PRODUCTION EDITOR DESIGNER EXECUTIVE MEDIA EDITOR PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT SERVICES Don Fowley Linda Ratts Renata Marchione Christopher Ruel Dorothy Sinclair Sandra Dumas Wendy Lai Thomas Kulesa MPS Ltd. This book was typeset in 10.5/12 Times Roman by MPS Limited, a Macmillan Company and printed and bound by R. R. Donnelley (Jefferson City). The cover was printed by R. R. Donnelley (Jefferson City). Founded in 1807, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. has been a valued source of knowledge and understanding for more than 200 years, helping people around the world meet their needs and fulfill their aspirations. Our company is built on a foundation of principles that include responsibility to the communities we serve and where we live and work. In 2008, we launched a Corporate Citizenship Initiative, a global effort to address the environmental, social, economic, and ethical challenges we face in our business. Among the issues we are addressing...
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...Front. Mech. Eng. 2013, 8(3): 215–243 DOI 10.1007/s11465-013-0248-8 REVIEW ARTICLE Nannan GUO, Ming C. LEU Additive manufacturing: technology, applications and research needs © Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013 Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) technology has been researched and developed for more than 20 years. Rather than removing materials, AM processes make three-dimensional parts directly from CAD models by adding materials layer by layer, offering the beneficial ability to build parts with geometric and material complexities that could not be produced by subtractive manufacturing processes. Through intensive research over the past two decades, significant progress has been made in the development and commercialization of new and innovative AM processes, as well as numerous practical applications in aerospace, automotive, biomedical, energy and other fields. This paper reviews the main processes, materials and applications of the current AM technology and presents future research needs for this technology. Keywords additive manufacturing (AM), AM processes, AM materials, AM applications 1 Introduction The ASTM F42 Technical Committee defines additive manufacturing (AM) as the “process of joining materials to make objects from three-dimensional (3D) model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing methodologies” [1]. It is also known as additive fabrication, additive processes, direct digital...
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