...Running head: WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER 1 Wireless Power Transfer: Past, Present, Future and the Impacts of Wireless Technology Running head: WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER 2 A common question asked of wireless power transfer is “Is it safe”. In the beginning, early press described this technology as being “electricity in the air” which contributed to heightening the fears of the public. The general public was under the assumption that wireless power could possibly expose them to huge amounts of dangerous electromagnetic fields when using these systems. Through proper design it is possible to keep stray electric and magnetic fields well within the same recognized human safety limits that regulate all electromagnetic consumer devices to include cell phones, wireless routers, Bluetooth headphones, etc. (Kesler, 2013). Safety limits for human exposure to electromagnetic fields is established through a continuous review of scientific evidence of the impact these fields have on human health (Kesler, 2013). In the near future, the World Health Organization is projected to issue its own guidelines for human exposure limits to electromagnetic fields. Until those guidelines are released, the majority of national regulations, including the World Health Organization, reference the human exposure guidelines set forth by the Institute of Electrical...
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...Wireless Power Transmission Evolution and Developmental Prospects Rachit Sethia Department of Electrical & Electronics Oriental Institute of Science & Technology Bhopal, India rachitsethia19@gmail.com Sahil Saxena Department of Electronics & Communication Lakshmi Narain College of Technology Bhopal, India saxena.sahil.16@gmail.com Abstract— In the present paper, wireless power transmission is shown as the righteous alternative for present day power distribution system. Various method of wireless power distribution system are acquainted which can be ramified for power distribution, showing electrodynamic induction as the befitting one. Many concepts, research papers, patents are available on wireless power transmission and are fruitfully materialized by Witricity by magnetic resonant coupling method. This paper is mainly concentrated on: 1. The most popular concept i.e. Electrodynamic induction. 2. Microwave transmission method. The paper also discusses the possible ways to get useful and practical results out of all research carried out so far elsewhere. Keywords- Wireless power transmission, Electromagnetic induction, Nikola Tesla, Witricity, Electrodynamic Induction. Introduction Our present power distribution system encompasses various losses and flaws which blemishes the same. Recent canvas have shown that existing power transmission system see a considerably high power loss that in 26-30% in developed countries and about30-40% in developing...
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...Wireless Charging Tanzina Sultana, Farjana Jahan Aneela, Maima Ahmed Preeti Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North South University, Bangladesh tanzina.sultana@northsouth.edu, farjana.aneela@northsouth.edu, maima.preeti@northsouth.edu Abstract: Now a day’s people are using different types of wireless devices for their reliable and safe communications. This journal deals with wireless charging which can solve problems with short battery life. It would be very useful as the uses of laptops, cell phones (especially smartphone) and other portable devices are increasing rapidly in present and mainly for cordless devices or which has unmanageable wire connections. This technique passes electromagnetic energy to the portable devices when it is placed close to the wireless charger. magnetic field by passing alternating current through it for which there is a voltage induced in the receiver. I. INTRODUCTION In 1900 June Nikola Tesla introduced the concept of wireless charging. During 1891 to 1904 using Tesla coils (generates high AC voltage) he transmitted power without wires by capacitive coupling and inductive. Wireless charging is also known as inductive charging. It consists of two coils which is transmitter coil and receiver coil. Recent technology has introduced movable transmission coil and the receiver coils made of silver plated copper. Sometimes it is also made of aluminium to reduce resistance and weight. From the past few years...
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...Wireless transmission is ideal in cases where instantaneous or continuous energy transfer is needed, but interconnecting wires are inconvenient, hazardous, or impossible. The tangle of cables and plugs needed to recharge today's electronic gadgets could soon be a thing of the past. The concept exploits century-old physics and could work over distances of many metres. Consumers desire a simple universal solution that frees them from the hassles of plug-in chargers and adaptors."Wireless power technology has the potential to deliver on all of these needs."However, transferring the power is the important part of the solution. With wireless energy transfer, the efficiency is a more critical parameter and this creates important differences from the wireless data transmission technologies. To avoid the conflicts like recharging and carrying its appliances of electrical and electronic devices, wireless power transmission is desirable. Wireless power transmission was originally proposed to avoid long distance electrical distribution based mainly on copper cables. This can be achieved by using microwave beams and the rectifying antenna, which can receive electromagnetic radiation and convert it efficiently to DC electricity. Researchers have developed several techniques for moving electricity over long distances without wires. Some exist only as theories or prototypes, but others are already in use. Magnetic resonance was found a promising means of electricity transfer because magnetic...
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...Green Radio: Radio Techniques to Enable Energy Efficient Wireless Networks Adeel Akhtar, MSIT (Cont.), School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Salman Fayyaz Khan, MSIT (Cont.), School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Syeda Tahira Bano, MSIT (Cont.), School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science ABSTRACT This draft contains the overview of project “Green Radio”, to make the wireless communication efficient in terms of energy consumptions. Concurrent document describes the technical background of the project, some initiatives before publish this article and the current state of the art developments in this project. It includes also some research directions to which significant energy consumption can be achieved. INTRODUCTION There is an urge on environmental grounds to decrease the energy requirements of radio access networks as there is a vast increase in the number of mobile subscribers, the progress to higher-datarate mobile broadband, and the significant addition of information technology to the overall energy loss of the world. In the Information Technology Industry mobile phone communication contributes to a major proportion of the total energy consumed. The main reasons for the Mobile VCE Green Radio Program are to reduce to expenditure costs and carbon emissions for wireless cellular network. The Green Radio program aims to achieve a hundred times reduction in power consumption over present designs for wireless communication networks...
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...Final Network Design The integrative network design project for Kudler Fine Foods will include Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) will be used as a means of communication within a private network or the internet for Kudler Fine Foods network devices. Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is used for transfer of multimedia files, video, sound, and text over the internet. Kudler Fine Foods will implement File Transfer Protocol (FTP) to download files, transfer files, delete files, copy and rename files from the internet as needed. Mesh Protocol will be used to connect all devices such as printers, computers, and scanners on the network. In a true mesh topology every node has a connection to every other node in the network ("Common Physical Network Topologies ", 2014). The network will consist of a hardware firewall blocking unwanted access from outside of the location. The next step is to set up a hub or switch that will connect all of the stores terminals. All of these terminals such as registers and remote locations such as warehouse will be hardwired with twisted pair CAT 5 Ethernet cable. The server will be located in a room in each store with the hub or switch. A wireless access point/router will be centrally located in the store to provide good signal in every part of the store for employees using their handheld devices to be able to view and update the store inventory while on the sales floor Since the blade servers are easily expanded upon, cost...
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...of 3 production plants: Pontiac, Michigan, Albany, Georgia, and Hangzhou, China. Corporate headquarters and the research and development department are located in San Jose, California. Riordan is currently expanding and growing capabilities, to include upgrades in telecommunication systems for faster information travel amongst the 4 locations. Specifically, our location in Hangzhou, China is in dire need of upgrades. We've decided to relocate the entire Hangzhou location to a new facility in Shanghai, China. There are many factors and recommendations to consider as well as a chance to take advantage of implementing newer technology. The following project plan will outline the steps necessary to accommodate the telecommunication system transfer. Integrative Network Design Project Project plan The Information Technology Department has been tasked to plan, prepare and execute an entire network breakdown from Riordan Manufacturing's Hangzhou, China production facility and rebuild the network infrastructure at the new Shanghai, China production facility location. Current network setup Each department is allotted a dedicated amount of computer workstations as well as networked paraphernalia, such as printers, phones, and fax machines. It is our intent to maintain that infrastructure upon moving into the new location. The current...
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...Wireless Electricity Devry University Tech, Society, and Culture Professor February 24, 2013 Table of Contents I. Wireless Electricity: Explanation and History 3 II. Political and Legal Influences 10 III. Economic Questions and Considerations 16 IV. Wireless Technology with Today’s Culture 20 V. Ethical Implications of Wireless Power 26 VI. Environmental Impact 30 VII. Bibliography 33 ABSTRACT: Wireless electricity is not a new idea, but it has recently become revitalized. This paper looks at the different facets of this invigorated technology. First, it talks about what wireless electricity is and the different approaches of producing it. The paper also talks about the history of wireless electricity and what social factors have motivated it to become invigorated. Next, the government involvement and political issues are talked about. Wireless electricity will also affect the economy so its economic impact is also a topic that is discussed. The psychological and sociological effects of wireless electricity will also be well-thought-out in the next section. The cultural background of this technology is studied and highlighted in American culture. Every technology needs to be examined in detail for its effect on the environment and wireless electricity is no different. The last section of this paper talks about the moral and ethical...
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...1 CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION Seminar Report For Electronics (ECE) / Electrical (EEE) / Instrumentation (EI or AE&I) Engineering or Sciences 1INTRODUCTION Are you tired of slow modem connections? Cellonics Incorporated has developed new technology that may end this and other communications problems forever. The new modulation and demodulation technology is called Cellonics. In general, this technology will allow for modem speeds that are 1,000 times faster than our present modems. The development is based on the way biological cells communicate with each other and nonlinear dynamical systems (NDS). Major telcos, which are telecommunications companies, will benefit from the incredible speed, simplicity, and robustness of this new technology, as well as individual users. In current technology, the ASCII uses a combination of ones and zeros to display a single letter of the alphabet (Cellonics, 2001). Then the data is sent over radio frequency cycle to its destination where it is then decoded. The original technology also utilizes carrier signals as a reference which uses hundreds of wave cycles before a decoder can decide on the bit value (Legard, 2001), whether the bit is a one or a zero, in order to translate that into a single character. The Cellonics technology came about after studying biological cell behaviour. The study showed that human cells respond to stimuli and generate waveforms that consist of a continuous line of pulses separated by periods of silence. The...
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...information on crop, soil, climate, and environmental conditions. Almost every sensing technique may find an application in agriculture. A real time crop field monitoring and controlling system is implemented using Zigbee network in the present study. Experiments were carried out at lab scale to sense the temperature, humidity, water level, pH level and fire detection. Based on the information received by the user through GSM, an action of control can be taken from any place. Keywords: Wireless Sensing Network, Zigbee, Agricultural Field Monitoring 1. Introduction Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consists of spatially distributed autonomous devices which use sensors to monitor physical or environmental parameters such as temperature, sound, vibration and pressure. An application of WSN in agriculture field is Greenhouse monitoring [1-3]. Temperature and humidity, which play a vital role in determining the quality and productivity of crops, are controlled inside the commercial greenhouses using WSNs. WSNs have also played a critical role in the detection of forest fires and plant fires [4-6]. In a WSN system, it is necessary to analyse the application requirements such as wide application area to acquire more distributed data for spatial analysis in precision agriculture, low power consumption, low-rate sensing, reliable and flexible communication, remote management and low cost [7]. A WSN (wireless sensor network)...
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...UNIVERSITY OF PETROLEUM AND ENERGY STUDIES SYNOPSYS OF THE MINOR PROJECT College of Engineering: University Of PetroleumQ and Energy Studies Branch: B.Tech (Electronics) Sementer: 5th TOPIC OF THE PROJECT: Wireless energy transfer OBJECTIVE : The main objective of our project is to transfer energy using Electrodynamics induction OR Resonant inductive coupling. Measure output current and voltage across L2 COIL. Working of wireless led lamp on electrodynamics induction. Mobile charger on the principle of electrodynamics induction. METHODOLOGY TO BE USED: Power source transmitting coil receiving coil Ac to Dc converter output Following are the ways which help in incorporating of project: The design of the project is to take energy from the power source and transfer it wirelessly to receiving coil. Hence ac power source resonant inductive is IN PROCES. Induction coil or magnetic coil or tesla coil ARRANGED of proper thickness and amount. Output Ac to Dc converter circuit studied IS COMPLETED. Circuit component with data sheet IS PURCHASED. Coil L1 transmitting coil and coil L2 receiving coil no. of turn study IN PROCESS Input frequency, output exact current and voltage value study The frequencies can be matches by both the transmitting and receiving coils, allowing them to communicate together much more efficiently IN PROCESS. The device operated on output value of coil L2 STUDY IS IN PROCESS. Following component needed:- 1. Induction...
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...I. Introduction: Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) is the linking of two or more computers without using wires. WLAN makes use of the spread spectrum technology based on radio waves to enable communication between two devices in a limited area. Wireless local area networks (WLANs) based on the Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity) standards are one of today's fastest growing technologies in businesses, schools, and homes, for good reasons. They provide mobile access to the Internet and to enterprise networks so users can remain connected away from their desks. These networks can be up and running quickly when there is no available wired Ethernet infrastructure. They are reported to reduce setting up costs by 15%. But, with these benefits come the security concerns. WLANs have very little security. An attacker can listen to you, take control of your laptops/desktops and forge him to be you. He can cancel your orders, make changes into your databases, or empty your credit cards. a. The 802.11 Wireless LAN Standard: In 1997, the IEEE ratified the 802.11 Wireless LAN standards, establishing a global standard for implementing and deploying Wireless LANS. The throughput for 802.11 is 2Mbps, which was well below the IEEE 802.3 Ethernet counterpart Late in 1999, the IEEE ratified the 802.11b standard extension, which raised the throughput to 11 Mbps, making this extension more comparable to the wired equivalent. The 802.11b also supports...
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...SECURE ROUTING IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS By [Name] The Name of the Class (Course) Professor (Tutor): The Name of the School (University): The City and State The Date: Abstract. Wireless sensor networks (WSANs) are a group of sensors and actors that are linked by a wireless medium for the purpose of performing distributed sensing and action on a given task. This involves the sensors collecting information about the surrounding physical environment and sending the information to the actors which take the decisions and perform some needed action basing on the information received from the sensors about the surrounding environment. These sensor networks are sometimes referred to as wireless sensor and actuator networks. They monitor physical or environmental conditions such as sound, pressure, temperature among others and send the collected data to the required location. Effective sensing and acting requires a distributed local coordination methods and mechanism among the sensors and the actors in addition to this, sensor data should be valid in order for right and timely actions to be performed. This paper describes secure routing in wireless sensor networks and outlines its threats on security. Keywords: Wireless sensor and actor networks; Actuators; Ad hoc networks; Sybil attack; Real-time communication; Sinkhole; Routing; MAC; adversary. Introduction With the recent rapid improvement on technology, many networking technologies have been created to make...
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...HYDERABAD MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY (REAL TIME SYSTEMS) I SEMESTER ADVANCED COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE UNIT I Concept of instruction format and instruction set of a computer, types of operands and operations; addressing modes; processor organization, register organization and stack organization; instruction cycle; basic details of Pentium processor and power PC processor, RISC and CISC instruction set. UNIT II Memory devices; Semiconductor and ferrite core memory, main memory, cache memory, associative memory organization; concept of virtual memory; memory organization and mapping; partitioning, demand paging, segmentation; magnetic disk organization, introduction to magnetic tape and CDROM. UNIT III IO Devices, Programmed IO, interrupt driver IO, DMA IO modules, IO addressing; IO channel, IO Processor, DOT matrix printer, ink jet printer, laser printer. Advanced concepts; Horizontal and vertical instruction format, microprogramming, microinstruction sequencing and control; instruction pipeline; parallel processing; problems in parallel processing; data hazard, control hazard. UNIT IV ILP software approach-complier techniques-static branch protection-VLIW approach-H.W...
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...Theoretical Background A.R.A (Attendance and Room Automation), as the title suggest, this project is about automation. In applying creating this project we, the proponents, aim to integrate multiple devices to produce a system that would automate a room as well as attendance checking. But what is automation? According to Merriam-Webster dictionary, automation is “the technique of making an apparatus, a process, or a system operates automatically. The theory of automation states that “there are three building blocks of automation (1) a source of power to perform action, (2) feedback controls, and (3) machine programming.” (http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/44912/automation/24840/Modern-developments#toc24841) Power source, being a self-running device, it is necessary for it to have its own power source. The feedback control is the sensing part of the system; this will be the one that gathers the input to be processed delivers the output and will run the actuating device. Last would be the machine programming, provided by the proponents for the whole system to run. Theoretical Framework Each of the devices is supported by different theories which we hope we would be able to integrate. A microcontroller “is a small computer on a single IC containing a processor core, memory, and a programmable Input/Output peripheral.” (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcontroller) We will be using this device as the brain of the system. We will be using the memory of the IC to encode...
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