...There are many weaknesses and problems with the EWT used in this trial: firstly, at the first interview there was some inconsistency in the group’s descriptions of the robber (2 said he had brown hair and 2 said he had blonde hair), this shows a problem with the EWT used in the trial as clearly straight after the event (the eye witnesses memories of the event would have been the clearest as it had just happened), however as they were interviewed in a group all 4 members of the group heard what the others had to say about the event- subsequently two of the witnesses changed what they said and thus all four claimed he had blonde hair. This is a clear problem with the testimony used in the trial as as all the witnesses were interviewed at the event in a group and due to social desirability and conformity they changed their remembrance of the event- therefore what they said in court may have not been an accurate account of what they think they actually saw. Weapon focus may also have had an effect in this case and this would have also caused a problem with the EWT used as the criminal used a weapon, and as that weapon is a threat to these people’s lives then they would have focussed on that weapon, and as a result this would have distorted what they remembered about the rest of the event (i.e. what the criminal looked like) which makes the EWT used invalid. The police in the investigation did also lead the witnesses to a desired answer as in the third interview they showed them...
Words: 781 - Pages: 4
...Ashlee Ford April 20, 2011 Margaret Sofianos Essay Assignment What is the difference between strict and limited inerrancy? Which seems more convincing? Why? What is the significance of seeing different genres in the Bible? In this module, we look at the Christian view of the scriptures, and revelation sections. Here they discuss the problems with revelations, the definition of a scripture, the problems with scriptures, etc. My take on this, is that the scriptures are all witness testimony, which means they are opinionated. To some, that could be the problem. The difference between strict and limited inerrancy is with strict inerrancy, it demonstrates the view that there are no mistakes in the bible, while limited inerrancy leaves room for the possibility of mistakes within the scriptures. The significance of seeing different genres in the bible is to see scripture readings with a fresh eye, and to discover the different ways that testimonies were put together. The genre of the bible is basically biblical answers. “Inerrant” is a word that means “incapable” of making a mistake. And it refers to the belief that God protected the biblical authors from making mistakes (pg. 212). I don’t really agree with this because I believe that everything in the bible (well scripture wise anyways) is a witness testimony. John, Paul, Matthew and Luke all wrote down the events of what happened, and its how they took things. Twenty people could view the same event, and all record...
Words: 699 - Pages: 3
...AT&T released a series of videos for their campaign titled “It Can Wait”. The telecommunications company have made multiple videos about distracted driving and the effects it can have on everyone. This essay will discuss the particular video titled “Close to Home”. This advert uses pathos to convince the target audience with the emotional message to not text and drive. The video starts out by introducing a young boy, taking notice to every detail and riding his bicycle who will later witness an accident. It then goes on to introduce a young girl and her mother. The child is portrayed as sweet and innocent; playing with her toys and listening to her mother. The mother is portrayed as kind and loving; calling her daughter pet names and...
Words: 997 - Pages: 4
...IN THE CIRCUIT COURT OF _____________________________ COUNTY, MISSOURI Judge or Division: Case Number: Plaintiff(s): Person Subpoenaed: Address: Plaintiff’s Attorney: Address: vs. Defendant(s): Requesting Party: Pltfs Attny Pltf Def Attny Def Address (of party checked above): Telephone: Defendant’s Attorney: (Date File Stamp) Address: Telephone: Telephone: Subpoena Order to Appear/Produce Documents/Give Depositions The State of Missouri to :___________________________________________________(person subpoenaed). You are commanded: to contact _____________________________________(name) at _____________________________(telephone) who will advise of time and place appearance is required. to appear at ____________________________________________________________________________________ on _______________________________________(date), at __________________________(time). to testify on behalf of ____________________________________________________________________________ . to give depositions. to bring the following: ___________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ (Attach additional sheet if necessary.) (Seal) __________________________________________ Date Issued ___________________________________________________ Clerk/Deputy Clerk Return/Affidavit I certify that...
Words: 312 - Pages: 2
...Eye witness testimony is the ability of people remembering the details of events, such as accidents and crimes which they themselves have observed. The accuracy of eye witness testimony can be affected by factors such as misleading information, leading questions, post-event discussion and anxiety. Loftus and Palmer investigated how the language (leading questions) used in eyewitness testimony can alter memory. 45 students were shown 7 films of different traffic accidents. After each film the participants were given a questionnaire which asked them to describe the accident and then answer a series of specific questions about it. There was one critical. This question was ‘About how fast were the cars going when they hit each other?’ One group of participants were given this question. The other five groups were given the verbs smashed, collided, bumped or contacted in place of the word hit. The mean speed estimate was calculated for each group. The group given the word ‘smashed’ estimated a higher speed than the other groups (about 41 mph). The group given the word ‘contacted’ estimated the lowest speed (about 30 mph). This suggests that memory is easily distorted by questioning technique and information acquired after the event can merge with original memory causing inaccurate memory. This may not be valid because the participants may not have taken the task seriously as they knew it was not real (lacks ecological validity) and there was little to no consent given by participants...
Words: 1740 - Pages: 7
...Eyewitness testimony and its credibility has always been a staple of controversy in court cases. Let's take a minute to think back the last time you were in a local retail store. Now ask yourself, are you able to describe the person who was ahead of you in the line? How many details can you really remember about that person? Now how accurate do you think that your description was? Today we are going to investigate just how accurate people's observations are in everyday life. Objective: The purpose of this project today is to determine whether eyewitness account credible and reliable enough to be used as evidence in criminal investigations. We are going to do this by determining witness recollection, gender of suspect, distance away from suspect and date and time affect the accuracy of witness accounts. . Introduction: Eyewitness accounts are always under scrutiny whether in the courtroom, by police and even scientists. In most eyewitness identification the processes typically involve selecting an alleged perpetrator from a police lineup or sketches. After selecting a suspect a formal statement is using made confirming the identification of the subject. Usually the times in which you are asked to give a statement range anywhere from a day to a few days later. Within this time frame ,ask yourself how accurately are you able to recollect what really happened or what someone really looked like. The reason that so many people also acceptance of eyewitness accounts may stem...
Words: 1173 - Pages: 5
...Age and EWT 1. Describe the aims, procedures, findings and conclusions of Poole and Lindsay’s (2001) study of the effects of age on EWT – science demonstration Aims- The aims of their experiment were to assess whether children were able to source monitor. Procedures- They used child participants aged 3-8 years of age. They were shown a science demonstration throughout the day; later that day their parents read them a story, which contained aspects of the science demonstration. The next day, the children were questioned about the science demonstration and then were further asked to think about where they got their information from (source monitoring). Findings- It was found that the younger children were unable to source monitor as they could not identify where they learnt the information whereas the older children could. Conclusion- Poole and Lindsay concluded that the younger children are poorer eye witnesses than the older children as they are unable where they learnt the information. This means that they aren’t able to distinguish between original eyewitness memory and post event information. 2. What does this suggest about age and EWT? This suggests that age does affect EWT. 3. Explain why the story told at home could have been an extraneous variable… Interview bias (how the parents read the story) could have influenced the accuracy of the child’s response. The parents could have unintentionally prejudiced the child by how they read the story; techniques...
Words: 1088 - Pages: 5
...Reaction Paper: ‘The Interlude’ The narrative ‘The Interlude’ by Michael Anthony of Trinidad is an interesting and very descriptive writing. It sparks its readers desire to know what follows next with the troubled characters Willis the Tiger and Little John. The more I read, the more I was intrigued to know what would happen to Willis for returning to San Fernando after having been sentenced to two years in jail for fatally injuring Cyril and leaving him cripple. I have personally never had an experience or witnessed a scenario like this but reading along I felt involved in the street and among the crowd witnessing a chaos about to unravel before my eyes. Indeed, when tragic events happen in a community and someone is convicted for a devious crime, the community will remember the criminal and brand and impression of him or her. Convicted persons are not always or usually welcome into their communities due to the stigma that has been created about them. In this narrative, the people of the town of San Fernando had definitely not forgotten ‘The Tiger’ who had them at bay when he was part of the desperado gang. He had now returned and was confronted by Little John who was raged at Willis for having fatally injured Cyril and left him cripple. Strong emotion and feelings of anger and revenge by Little John are described in page four of the narrative “Tiger!” he shouted as if ten lions were awake in him. Willis, who was once the feared tiger of the town for his vicious act of branding...
Words: 373 - Pages: 2
...information. They had increased confidence in remembering what had happened, were able to make out facial details and their length of time to identify the culprit changed. There was also no difference in their statements when they were asked immediately or after 48 hours. Those who received disconfirming feedback were not so confident and took longer time to identify the culprit. The writers argue that the focus on identification itself, especially in court cases, does not factor in the influence that postidentification suggestions have on the testimony of the eyewitness that might later be given about the identification. They suggest that postidentification feedback from the lineup administrator has strong effects on how the eye witness remembers the original event and on how the eyewitness recalls the identification decision. They call this the...
Words: 555 - Pages: 3
...GUIDELINES FOR DISCIPLINARY PROCEDURE - CONTENTS Chapter 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Item Discipline and Indiscipline Acts of Misconduct Report of Misconduct Flow-chart of Disciplinary Proceedings Preliminary Enquiry Principles of Natural Justice Charge-sheet Suspension Domestic Enquiry Penalties Appeal and Review Annexures Page No. 96 97 98 99 102 103 104 107 109 117 122 123-153 Policy Manual CHAPTER-1 DISCIPLINE AND INDISCIPLINE 1.1 Discipline means orderly behaviour - It means voluntary and willing compliance of rules and regulations and instructions and also development of right habits of conduct in work with others at the work-place. Why do we want Discipline? (a) Discipline is essential in any organisation for improving the employee morale as well as to increase the productivity which is the ultimate goal of any organisation. Discipline is of utmost importance for harmonious working with a view to achieve Company’s objectives. It is moral responsibility of the employer not to allow the minority of employees who are indisciplined to affect the life of majority. 1.2 (b) (c) 1.3 How does Indiscipline arise? In most of the cases, indiscipline of a worker is the expression of his reaction to his environment. Usually the causes of indiscipline are : (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Lack of awareness of Company’s rules and regulations; False promises made by superiors; Absence of any procedure to handle grievances; No action taken when required; Personal...
Words: 9341 - Pages: 38
...Gloria Rodriguez Research in Crime & Security Professor Katherine Cho Ladies and gentleman of the jury this case involves an attempted armed robbery and murder in the first degree. Attempt is when a person is guilty of an attempt to commit a crime when, with intent to commit a crime, he engages in conduct which tends to effect the commission of such crime. Armed robbery is the taking of money or goods in the possession of another, from his or her person or immediate presence, by force or intimidation. Murder in the first degree is with intent to cause the death of another person, he causes the death of such person or of a third person (Article 125.27 NYS Penal Law). In this case, an attempted robbery and shooting occurred in a retail store named Lazar’s Clothing Store on February 14, 2011 that was managed and owned by Sidney and Sara Lazar. Unfortunately, during the attempted armed robbery Mrs. Lazar was shot and killed. Two men were involved and both wearing black leather jackets. After the shooting, the police arrived and interviewed Mr. Lazar and a bystander by the name of Mr. Green. Mr. Lazar looked through photos and identified both of the defendants, John Hudson and Dale Buckner as the two men that killed his wife. The same night, the police checked the defendants’ arrest records and went to Hudson and Buckner’s apartment to arrest them. The police found physical evidence and outside of the apartment they also saw a car matching the description of the defendants’...
Words: 828 - Pages: 4
...C’s dog maybe the injuries on B’s dog could be from the fight with C’s dog . The other reason is because the dog that starts a fight isn’t always the one who finishes it in his/her favour. The owner of C’s dog says that B’s dog also got in a fight with their dog and that C always gets along with A . I believe I can assume that since A and C “always” get along with each other , the owners must be friends that would give both owners a vested interest as both their dogs have had an encounter with B so it might delight them to punish B . Thus C can’t be recognised as a neutral witness . Also the fact that A gets along with C isn’t sufficient evidence to suggest that A wouldn’t normally behave in such a bellicose manner. As a result this evidence doesn’t amount to relevant expertise. D has often walked with A assuming the owners are friends that would mean that D can’t be recognised as a neutral witness. D’s ability to perceive can be questioned as he or she had just entered the park whether that was at the time of the fight or after we aren't made aware. Also his acknowledgement of D and A’s relationship isn’t sufficient evidence to draw such a conclusion it doesn’t amount to...
Words: 454 - Pages: 2
...CALIFORNIA ADVANCE HEALTH CARE DIRECTIVE Including Power of Attorney for Health Care Imprint / MRN NOTE: The document meets legal requirements for most Californians, but might not be appropriate in special circumstances. If you might have special needs, consult an attorney. PART 1: APPOINTING AN AGENT TO MAKE HEALTH CARE DECISIONS NOTE: You should discuss your wishes in detail with your designated agent(s) My name is:_____________________________________ Date of Birth:________________ My address is:_______________________________________________________________ In this document I appoint an agent. That agent will make health care decisions for me in the future, if and when I no longer have the mental capacity to make my own health care decisions. Optional: I want my agent to make my health care decisions now, even though I currently have the mental capacity to make my own health care decisions. _______ (Do not initial here if you want to continue making your own health decisions for as long as you are able.) The following persons cannot be selected as your agent or alternate agent: • Your primary physician • An employee of the health care institution or residential care facility where you receive care (unless you are related to that person or you are co-workers). PRIMARY AGENT: Agent’s Name: ___________________________________________________ Address:___________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ (Phone...
Words: 1492 - Pages: 6
...Memory Multistore model Capacity of short term 7 Duration up to 30 sec Capacity Long term is forever Displacement in short term Retrieval failure long term Decay is in all of them (long/short term) Explain what is means Describe Evaluate: any studies that support the memory (Primacy and recency affect) Primacy is when u remember things at the beginning of the list (as you have rehearsed them and has gone into your long term memory. Recency is words u remembers at the end of the list and u keeps into your head for just 30 sec which goes into ur short term memory. All of that shows evidence for 2 stores and rehearsal. Method ( lab experience, what wrong with it? it lacks ecological validity/realistic. Good thing? It is very controlled you can repeat it. Sample (who were used?) Ethics (none) Overall evaluation It is too simple, (explain) emotions-traumatic events some types of memory doesn’t need to be rehearsed u just know it. Different ways and types of memory are remembered, by chunking or method of loci. Explanation of forgetting Context is about environment Learning and recall in the same place you will remember. Forget when you recall in different place to learning ( diving theory) Grodden + Baddeley – divers Learn words – under water * or n the beach they got a distraction test recall either in the same or different environment those in the same environment recalled more and those in different recalled less. Method:...
Words: 645 - Pages: 3
...Module B – Witness Peter Weir uses his film witness to express his concerns with the modern world by looking at the binary opposition of the Amish and western society. The Amish represent the old world and it is seen that they live peacefully while our modern world is filled with violence and corruption. Using the themes of conflicting cultures, violence vs. pacifism, and technology vs. tradition, weir is able to explore the conflicting cultures of the Amish and the English. American society is represented as a violent and arrogant group of people, whereas the Amish are seen to be a peaceful and religious group of people Witness presents two very different worlds. Peter Weir can demonstrate this in the opening scenes as he uses a variety of techniques to emphasize the difference between the people of the Amish and the modern world. The unified Amish, dressed in their old fashioned clothing, walk through a picturesque landscape to a funeral. The audience is led to believe that this is a historic film but the world ‘Pennsylvania 1984’ appear on the screen instead. The panoramic camera shot of the lush green fields sets a peaceful tone. Although this is followed by the visual juxtaposition of a horse and carriage followed closely by a semi-trailer. The combined sounds of the horse trotting against the threatening hum of the semi-trailer are conflicting with the soft synthesizer music. This is the first indication that the world of the Amish and the modern world come into...
Words: 700 - Pages: 3
