...used in the household such as soap, candles, clothing, and other necessities, the men were busy building, repairing tools, harvesting crops, hunting, fishing, and protecting the family from whatever threat might come, from wild animals to Indians. The colonists brought with them traditional attitudes about the proper status and roles of women. Women were considered to be the “weaker ones,” not as strong physically or mentally as men and less emotionally stable. They couldn’t vote, hold public office, or participate in legal matters on their own behalf, and chances to go outside the home were limited. Women were expected to listen to their husbands and be obedient to them without questions. Husbands, in return, were expected to protect their wives against all threats, even at the cost of their own lives if necessary. It is clear that separation of labor existed in the colonies. Women did traditional work generally associated with females. But because labor was so valuable in the colonies, many women were able to show their worth by being midwives, merchants, printers, and even doctors. In addition, women often had to step in to their husband’s roles in case of injury or illness. Women were able to contribute to the labor involved in farming by helping...
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...ATTITUDES TOWARDS WOMEN=S ROLES – MONFRIES & SCEVAK 1 Australian Journal of Educational & Developmental Psychology. Vol 1, 2001, pp 1-9 Developmental differences in attitudes towards women=s roles in = Australian Society: Critical periods for Afeminist@ socialisation. @ Melissa M. Monfries & Jill. J. Scevak Faculty of Education, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia ABSTRACT Gender role attitudes of adolescent girls have not been widely studied, nor have the mechanisms by which attitudes towards women’s roles develop. The present study focussed on adolescent girls’ gender role attitudes. Specifically it focussed on developmental differences in gender role attitudes of adolescent girls (n=642). The results indicated that Year 9 girls had significantly more positive attitudes towards feminism than Year 11 girls. These findings have important implications for girls’ career development. Results suggest that there is a critical period between Years 9 and 11 which accounts for girls’ increased conservatism towards feminism. The integral involvement of socialisation processes is necessarily implicated in this critical period. INTRODUCTION Group identification has been strongly associated with an individual's level of group consciousness (Henderson-King & Stewart, 1994). Tajfel (1978; 1982) specified that the two important components of group identification were the awareness of one's group membership and the evaluative stance towards one's membership in that group...
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...Role of an Arab Woman As she walks through the doors of this unsettled mans life, she looks upon him with no consideration. That is when the man notices her undesirable beauty. As her nice natural colored hair shadows her face the man feels as if he is in search of eye contact. Though, as her reservedness doesn’t allow her to look upon or give the man a look of happiness, she enters his heart. Unsteadily he realizes he has to start the role of the Arab man; the role that Arab woman expects him to lead; the role of proposing to the lady that captured his heart without disrespecting her. As two hearts learn more from each other day by day, the two minds come to be one as they get married. Many long days pass by as the Arab couple is undecided on whether to have kids or not. Remembering, that they are not well to do financially, they disregard and decide to manage all that comes their way. The calm, sweet, loving of the little baby that has been brought into a new world brings, an unexpected joy and happiness to the couples life. As the lady realizes how one child can bring much joy to their life, she decide that she wants to see a child in every room of their house. The husband surely doesn’t mind having more kids from the lady that he is in love with, though he does start to see and feel how it is to be more responsible being married. Before, it was one lady to care for, now its three ladies and two boys. The caring Arab lady now has the role of raising, not one child...
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...employment that has a protective and beneficial mediating effect. Employment protects women against certain negative aspects of being full-time homemakers and mothers, such as monotonous housework, dependence on the male partner for financial and emotional support, increases self-esteem because they are contributing to the world they live in. These women receive a renewed interest in life because they are in the thick of it. They are living life to the fullest. This model is the one that is constantly referred to as "bad" because it paints the woman as someone who does not really care about the effect of working will have on the baby. In fact, most of these mothers have made this choice with painstaking care. They are constantly feeling what everyone is thinking, and this in turn causes undue stress on these mothers. The other model of the working mom is the one most people think of when discussing working mothers. This model is one of a woman having too many demands of her -- housewife, mother and paid employee...
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...and Roles When we hear the word status, we think of people who have a lot of money, power, and influence in society. Sociologists use the word status in reference to “any social identity recognized as meaningful by the group or society”. A status is a “position that carries with it certain expectations, rights, and responsibilities”. There are many statuses that we are born with, such as our ethnicity, race or sex, but there are also the other statuses through our lives that we enter and exit. The three primary statuses I feel that I occupy and are most important to my identity would be that I am a mother, a wife, and a photographer. I feel that of all the statuses I myself embody, those are the ones that are most important to me, those are the ones that consume most of my time, and those are the ones that others identify with me. All three of my primary statuses are achieved statuses, and that type of status is defined as “a status that we attain through talent, ability, effort, or other unique characteristics”. Whereas ascribed statuses are “received involuntarily, without regard to our unique talents, skills, or accomplishments”, all three of my primary statuses were not received involuntarily. When we occupy a certain status, society expects us to follow certain sets of behaviors, and to play a certain “role”. We are constantly being watched and our roles are constantly being evaluated by society. I feel as a mother, I am supposed to perform the role of...
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...A Conceptual Analysis of Stress Alanda James University of South Alabama Abstract Stress is a prominent factor that affects the lives of people who deliver healthcare to patients every day. It is important to examine the concept because unhealthy stress can cause multiple effects on the caregiver and patient. Positive forms of stress can be beneficial to practice, and negative forms of stress can put practice in danger. A conceptual analysis of stress will strategically define the concept, explore antecedents, and pinpoint consequences associated with stress. The mental and physical effects of stress will be examined, and the link between effects and antecedents will be established. The antecedents of stress are essential to identifying the underlying problem, and prevention methods can be implored once those problems have been identified. In addition, cases will be presented reflecting the use of stress to educate the reader with knowledge and recognition of the concept. A model case, related case, contrary case, and borderline case are given in the text as examples to illustrate the concept of stress. A Conceptual Analysis of Stress Stress is a concept that derives from strain placed on a human being. Dictionary.com (2012) defines stress as “mental, emotional, or physical strain or tension”. Positive and negative aspects of stress exist depending on the particular incident or situation. Stress can be activated when a student is nervous about presenting a speech,...
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...Stress A Conceptual Analysis of Stress Abstract Stress is a prominent factor that affects the lives of people who deliver healthcare to patients every day. It is important to examine the concept because unhealthy stress can cause multiple effects on the caregiver and patient. Positive forms of stress can be beneficial to practice, and negative forms of stress can put practice in danger. A conceptual analysis of stress will strategically define the concept, explore antecedents, and pinpoint consequences associated with stress. The mental and physical effects of stress will be examined, and the link between effects and antecedents will be established. The antecedents of stress are essential to identifying the underlying problem, and prevention methods can be implored once those problems have been identified. In addition, cases will be presented reflecting the use of stress to educate the reader with knowledge and recognition of the concept. A model case, related case, contrary case, and borderline case are given in the text as examples to illustrate the concept of stress. A Conceptual Analysis of Stress Stress is a concept that derives from strain placed on a human being. Dictionary.com (2012) defines stress as “mental, emotional, or physical strain or tension”. Positive and negative aspects of stress exist depending on the particular incident or situation. Stress can be activated when a student is nervous about presenting a speech, or a supervisor is worried about...
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...marriage is more about appearances, role-playing and control tactics than true love. Marriage should be an institution about two souls entwining through the medium of love. In the 19th century it was considered to be an extremely sacred bond that a wife and husband had to abide by. The concepts of roles or game playing are a key role in approaching the themes of the play “A Doll’s House” by Henrik Ibsen. The title itself gives an indication of how the play is similar to a doll’s house; the characters, the settings and the situations depicted in the play are false at times and the play shows how certain aspects are different from reality. The entire play is woven around Torvald Helmer and Nora’s relationship. Their relationship seems perfect on the surface. They appear to be in love with each other and are happily married. Nora’s role in the play shows that she needs to be in control, to take the lead role, and that she is merely using other people as supporting characters because she does what she wants to do. She controls Torvald through by her childish behavior and flirts with Dr. Rank to assert herself on him. One question that frequently arises: How can one woman make so many unexpected transitions? She keeps changing her attitude and portrays many roles in the play ranging from a child-wife and adult tease to a determined businesswoman who is smart and manipulative and to an independent woman who puts herself before her family. Torvald’s role is more about being a male chauvinist...
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...work to support their families. However, in the film The Intern, Jules is the one in her family who goes out to work, and her husband Matt quits his job as a marketing manager and become a home dad. Thorough such an arrangement in Jules’ family, although Jules has more time for her business, she still fails to find a balance between her career and family, which eventually results in a cracked marriage. Matt is unfaithful to Jules, meeting with another woman secretly because he finds himself much more likes a man along with a normal woman instead of Jules, a successful woman. After knowing that, Jules regards that she is the only one that should be responsible for their cracked marriage because Matt is placed in a position as a home dad through her unusual success in business. American films seldom criticize on working men because men can always find the balances between work and family; however, this film through Matt’s shortcoming indicates that Jules, a working woman, fails to protect her man and family. It is hard for a working woman to find the balance between work and home life, and Jules also fails to create that balance at this point; therefore, the film actually shows a stereotypical view of working women that women are unable to balance their work and home...
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...experiences of African-American maids. I remembered I read the book before I watched the movie. The thing I know about the book, it was written and published by a white woman and it was told by the black women who were maids in the 1960s. It gave me some assumptions to go with. Before I start, everything that I will bring up are tightly about the movie and the book. It is like a little summary however the reviews I read are really good concerning the movie and the book. The movie was produced in a small town Jackson, Mississippi. Racial tension was so high at that time. The Black women worked not only as maids in that town, but they practically raised white people’s children too. So far, they were seen as “HELP” and were treated inappropriately and poorly. Skeeter, is a young woman who were living in that town. She gets the idea to write a story about these women who were maids, because of her good experience with the black woman who raised her and took really good care of her when her mother was not around. I really liked and enjoyed this movie. It got my attention and made me cry couple of times while watching some parts. What was so interesting and good about this movie? At the beginning of the movie, the acting was excellent. Viola Davis who played a maid named (Aibileen), she is an amazing woman who was one of the central characters in the movie and Octavia Spencer who played (Minnie), who was Aibileen's best friend who also was a maid. Both have very different...
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...patriarchal society which are imposed upon the female protagonists which causes them to have to leave their assumed role in society and assume a more independent and masculine role. Both authors use revisionism throughout their tales so as to allow both their feministic values to be expressed and to allow the female narrative voice to be heard and thus emphasise the sense of female empowerment and independence which permeates both volumes. As Sarah Gamble writes, both writers use the fairy tale as a vehicle for the perpetuation of female oppression in culture.[1] Transformation is a traditional theme of the fairy-tale with it being a key aspect of Carter's 'Cat tales.' In 'The Courtship of Mr Lyon', the love of Beauty is a catalyst for the metamorphosis of Mr Lyon which causes a transformation from his strong bestial qualities with his “unkempt” looks and his “rough, hot, stiff stubble” into the stereotype of the gentleman who walks calmly in the garden with his wife. Her enduring love for Mr Lyon develops him from the “leonine apparition” into the “handsomest of all beasts.” In ‘The Tiger’s Bride’ Carter inverts the classic tale and instead, it is Beauty that undergoes the change. In this tale, we see the female protagonist objectified and “lost to the beast at cards.” In this tale, after the daughter releases the responsibilities of caring for her father, the girl sees her role in a masculine dominated society in the reflection of...
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...Revolutionary War the women played a huge role in ending and winning the war for the Americans. “The Sentiments of an American Woman” suggest this and so do many other articles. In these articles they discuss the roles played by women and other minority groups during the Revolutionary War such as the Daughters of Liberty or other ordinary women like at Valley Forge. In the document “The Sentiments of an American Woman” it states that, “I glory all that which my sex has done great and commendable” (Discovery Education). The women of the American Revolution believe and know that they have done good for their country and have helped the men a great deal. “I call to mind with enthusiasm and with admiration, all those acts of courage, of constancy and patriotism, which...
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...sexual object. The phenomenon of sexual objectification is a well known form of pop culture and is the portraying of the female body to be used to serve as a person's sexual pleasure. It is seen everywhere from advertising to news and reality TV shows. Gender stereotypes play a huge role in how women are viewed today. To tell if something is showing a woman as a sexual object, you see if the overall ‘lesson’ is learned by using a females body parts. Gender roles plays a crucial role in today’s time. There are major differences in the Novel The Crucible and Colonial Puritans societies compared to today’s society....
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...Charlotte Gilman uses her experience with postpartum depression to create a short story called “The Yellow Wallpaper”, that describes a woman with hallucinations from confinement. The narrator's husband, John, is a doctor who belittles his wife as if she’s a child, which is only normal for this time period. While the narrator is trapped in a room with yellow wallpaper, she realizes there is more than one woman trapped behind the wall, it symbolizes she is not the only individual dealing with this problem. By writing this story, the author is not only condemning the narrator's husband, John, but the whole society of the 19th century. In Charlotte Gilman’s story, “The Yellow Wallpaper”, the narrator and her husband have an unequal relationship, her husband is controlling and domineering, and themes in this story prove society of the 19th century was not much better....
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...historic domain assigned to women: a closed-off realm where women are interior, passive, static, and immersed in themselves. “Transcendence” designates the opposing male lot: active, creative, productive, powerful, extending outward into the external universe. Every human life should permit the interplay of these two forces, immanence and transcendence, but throughout history, man has denied woman the transcendent role. In her stage-by-stage description of woman’s “situation,” de Beauvoir shows how women are forced to relinquish their existential right to transcendence and accept a circumscribed, repetitive imprisonment. There is no escape for them except through man, and even this is a dead-end. Man has projects, activities, accomplishments; woman just has man. Nature vs. Nurture De Beauvoir believes that woman’s inferiority in society is a result not of natural differences but of differences in the upbringing of man and woman. Male domination is not inherent or fated but conditioned at every stage of development. De Beauvoir says that “Man learns his power.” By the same token, woman is not born passive, mediocre, or immanent. Rather, she is socialized to believe that proper women must embody these characteristics and, subtly and not subtly, she is conditioned to believe that denying her true self is the only way to achieve happiness and gain acceptance. To bring about substantial changes in society, young boys and girls must be educated differently from the outset. Since...
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