...lastly, I was expected to always fight for what I believed in. I was always afraid about the responsibility of fighting back and standing up for my beliefs. Nevertheless, when it comes to my people, I believe it is my place and my right to inform American citizens of the effects caused by the United States Government. Native Americans aren’t as prosperous as they used to be and being contained on reservations has only deteriorated our people, our land and our entitlement to justice and protection. There has been a rise of many destroying factors on reservations, such as abuse of alcohol and the rise of brutal crimes, but the most important and overlooked is the crimes against Native women. Justice on Native American reservations requires a fight. The backbones of most tribal communities are continually and increasingly being taken advantage of. With tribal authority ranging from little to none, Native women on reservations have become targets of attack by non-Natives. To protect and reestablish Justice on reservations, Congress must be ready to change the Supreme Court’s previous decisions on jurisdictional laws. These limitations on tribal jurisdiction laws have caused women lose of protection and this issue is bigger than many Americans can see. Tribal jurisdiction is what...
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... December 9, 2008 Christian Paulo Maclang Dr. Antonio Contreras Jason Robert Malinao QUALPOL A51 Final Report Title: A Case Study on Women Laborers of KILUS Foundation as a Model of Entrepreneurial Government I. Introduction a. Statement of the research problem b. Research questions • What is KILUS Foundation? What are their objectives? • What are entrepreneurial methods that the members of KILUS Foundation used in order to promote effective governance in their institution? • What would be the implication of using entrepreneurial methods of the members of KILUS Foundation in the performance of government officials in the Philippine government? c. Research objectives The research objectives are the following: • Discuss KILUS Foundation, it objectives, goals and the working environment • To analyze the acquired data in the key informant interviews and focus group discussion • To use Feminism as a theoretical framework in order to explain the women laborers of KILUS Foundation as a Model of Entrepreneurial Government • To apply the entrepreneurial strategies used in KILUS Foundation in order to make the Philippine bureaucracy effective and efficient in serving the public • To reestablish the traditional role of women as housewives but also as productive members of the society. II. Theoretical approach to qualitative political analysis (Marxism, Critical Theory, Feminism...
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...Contributes to the Advancement of Women in Government? April 23, 2015 Jessica Butherus, Amber Chaudhry, LeBrit Nickerson, Caty Rogers & Marcia Straut I. Introduction The 1993 Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) was a vital step toward improving workers’ access to leave, in order to help care for new children or ill family members. Unfortunately, the law does not require employees to be paid and does not cover organizations with less than 50 workers. Therefore, many workers still do not have access to leave, and those that do often find it financially difficult to take advantage of the benefits (Gault, Hartmann, Hegewisch, Millie, and Reichlin, p.4). With no legal requirements, only 11% of employees working in the private sector and only 16% of government employees have access to paid leave (Rosen). Discussion of paid parental leave has recently made it back in the spotlight. This January, President Barack Obama signed a presidential memorandum directing agencies to allow federal employees to take up to six weeks of advanced sick leave to care for a new child or ill family member (Mufson and Eilperin). City governments, including Boston and Seattle, recently announced paid parental leave policies of their own (O’Brien, Capitol Hills Time Staff). As aspiring female leaders in the federal government, we chose to explore: Does a Paid Parental Leave Policy Create an Organizational Culture that Contributes to the Advancement of Women in Government? Research indicates that...
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...the changes in government benefit women and young people in Germany between 1918 and 1945? Historians can agree to a certain extent that changes in government had advantages and disadvantages for women and young people in many different ways. The war had just ended in 1918, causing a lot of damage. This resulted in weak government as Germany was blamed for the war in which they had to sign the Treaty of Versailles causing decrease in money and low public morale. From Weimar republic to Nazi Germany there were many changes that government made which benefited women and young people. Weimar Republic was a democratic government formed after Germany's defeat in World War I, the Weimar Republic lasted from 1918 until 1933. It was named after Weimar, the city where the constitutional assembly took place. Life in Germany was positive for some women. Women during this time period in Weimar Germany had freedom and were even offered jobs that were considered ‘masculine’ for example teachers, doctors, lawyers, judges and even politicians. The reasons why women were given opportunities to work in powerful roles was because of changes in government policy during the war when men were drafted for war. In Germany, women were entitled to vote from the age of 20. In contrast, during this time period it was a rarity for women to have the right to vote in European countries. During this time period very few women were entitled to vote in European countries. However, in Germany women were entitled...
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...Women Equality In the early years of United States, while it was still a fledgling country, Thomas Jefferson made the Louisiana purchase. Suddenly, America had doubled in size and was full of unknown land. Sacagawea, a woman, lead an expedition commissioned by the American government to explore this new land and document all its findings. Her knowledge and leadership was essential to completing the mission, and because of her work the United States was able to safely settle the land. While the United States has relied upon strong, powerful women such as Sacagawea since its formation, the number women that have been capable of holding powerful positions has far exceeded the number of women that actually have. Currently, women do not hold the same power as men in the workforce and the government, in the United States. It is evident that women have come a long way, but it is important that we continue to support the movement of women in powerful leadership positions. Historically, women have always been at a great disadvantage in regard to competitiveness in the workplace. As early as 1790 women were already being discriminated against. One of our Founding Fathers Alexander Hamilton was even quoted saying women are “a source of cheap labor” (Leckie). Women back then were often sent to work long hours, in hot sweatshops, performing undesirable tasks. Yet, they still made less than men. Organizations of the late 1800’s and early 1900’s such as the Lowell Female Labor Reform Association ...
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...The Restriction of Abortion Access by State Governments The 1973 Supreme Court case Roe v. Wade forbid state governments from banning abortions performed during the first trimester of pregnancy. The Roe v. Wade case did not prohibit state governments from limiting access to abortion: certain states require that a woman receive an ultrasound before she can receive an abortion, 32 states and the District of Columbia prohibit public funding for abortion with exception in cases of rape or incest or when the woman’s life is in danger, South Dakota limits public funding only to when the woman’s life is in danger, and 38 states require parental approval for a minor to receive an abortion (Guttmacher Institute: An Overview of Abortion Laws). State governments continually interfere in the private matters and decisions of women when they put measures such as those listed in place to try and deter women from aborting. In order to fully protect the rights of women, state governments must not interfere in a woman’s decision to abort. State government limits on abortion threaten women’s safety. Limiting abortion only contributes to women obtaining illegal, unsafe, and potentially fatal abortions worldwide; therefore, the government must not interfere in a woman’s private and personal choice to abort. Safe abortions performed by trained health care providers are safer than giving birth. The chance of developing any major complication following a safe abortion is one in 200. Nearly 20 million...
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...History Essay Votes For Women In Britain during the late 19th and early 20th century women, especially the middle and lower classes were becoming more frustrated at the fact they were being refused the vote. Pressure groups like the Suffragists who were funded in 1897 to try and gain the vote for all women. In 1928 the introduction of the Representation of the People Act allowed women to finally equal as men in terms of the voting system. There were many reason to why women were given the vote, they include: the NUWSS, the WSPU, the Impact of WW1, Changing Society and Events in Other Counties. The suffragists did play a key role in female suffrage but many other factors must be considered to be equally important. The NUWSS, nicknamed the Suffragists, were formed in 1897 and led by Millicent Fawcett. The suffragists were mainly comprised of middle class and very few working class women; they had a member ship of just over 53,000. They used non-violent tactics such as marches, writing letters to the government, holding meeting and giving out free newspaper. These tactics had very little effect on the public as the government didn’t see them as a threat and they didn’t find women’s suffrage as an important issue, so they began to ignore them. Therefore women’s suffrage was gradually going down on the political agenda. The suffragists were realists as they recognised that only parliament could deliver the vote, so MP’s had to be persuaded. In this, they were successful...
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...history, government, and the process of fighting back, it is easy to say that women’s rights should be examined and applied to everyday life. One important thing about women’s rights is the history. According to an article published in 2016, “The earliest known set of laws, Hammurabi’s Code, spells out certain rights of women, including...
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...University of Sargodha | Women Empowerment in Punjab, A Case Study | Supervisor: Dr. Mussarat jabeen | | Muhammad Waseem Abbas – 02 , Sumera Imam – 04 , Tufail Niazi- 28 | [Pick the date] | Department of International Relations and pol-Sciences | Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3 1.1 Understanding Power 3 1.2 Understanding Empowerment 5 1.3 Empowerment and its meanings 6 1.4 Women’s awareness about their rights 8 2-Punajb and women empowerment 9 2.1 women empowerment in Punjab Pakistan 9 2.2 Economic benefits of women empowerment 11 2.3 Punjab assembly work from 2008-13 11 2.4 women issues and provincial government 13 2.5 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PUNJAB AND OTHER PROVINCES IN WOMEN EMPOWERMENT 14 2.6 Punjab women empowerment package 16 3-Future of women in Punjab, Suggestions and conclusion 24 3.1 Future of women empowerment in Punjab 24 3.2 suggestions for women empowerment 25 3.3 Conclusion 25 References 27 Chapter-1 1. Introduction 1.1 Understanding Power At the core of the concept of empowerment is the idea of power. The possibility of empowerment depends on two things. First, empowerment requires that power can change. If power cannot change, if it is inherent in positions or people, then empowerment is not possible, nor is empowerment conceivable in any meaningful way. In other words, if power can change, then empowerment is possible. Second, the concept of empowerment depends upon the idea...
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...throughout history. Women generally face inequality in most areas of life when compared to men. Women are not treated as equals even when they are as equally skilled and qualified as men as showed in the wages they receive for working the same jobs. The gender inequality women face is reflected by the role women play in their respective government. Countries that have a high rate of women participating in government tend to have greater rights for women. According to the Inter Parliamentary Union (2013), as of the 1st of February 2013 the countries of Rwanda, Andorra, and Cuba have the highest percentage of women in national parliament with 56.3%, 50.0%, and 45.2% respectively. Rwanda Women's role in government reflects the gender equality they face in their country. Countries that have a high rate of women participating in government tend to have equal human rights for both male and females. Countries such as Rwanda, Cuba, and Finlan all have high rates of women involvement in government. They also all have great equal rights laws in place and generally treat women as equals in every way. The opposite is true for the countries that employ few women in government such as Nigeria, Egypt, and Kuwait. Although they may have some laws giving them rights they are generally not treated equal and face heavy discrimination. This paper shows that one of the main causes of gender inequality in a country is the fact that women are not in positions of power in their government and not equally...
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...Participation of Women in Philippine Politics and Society: A Situationer Introduction This paper is intended to provide an overview of the status of women in the Philippine society especially in the aspect of politics and the labor market. This should be considered as a work in progress which the author aims to further develop as a comprehensive situation paper that can both provide the reader a consolidated picture of the gender equality challenge in the country and motivate them on the need to contribute in changing the so-called “divides and mirages” in Philippine sexual politics. According to the latest gender disaggregated data, women constitute 37.9-million (49.6%) of the 76.5 million Filipinos as of May 2000. Almost 15.5-million are between ages 15 to 40 reflecting a young female population. However, while women constitute nearly half of the population, its status in the Philippine society is still characterized by sharp contradictions of obvious gains, on one hand, and glaring inequalities on the other. One can find both major advancements for women’s role and graphic gender inequality in specific areas of the society. The Human Development Report 2002 (UNDP) revealed that 35% of Filipino administrators and managers are women -- which is one of the highest in the world. Additionally, approximately 17.2% of all the legislative seats are occupied by women and 2/3 of professionals and technical workers are women. This puts the country’s...
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...Gender Gap 1.0 Introduction The gender gap is known as the difference between males and females, specifically, as reflected in health, education, economic activity as well as the empowerment of women dimension (Shawn & Glenn , 2010, p. 1943). From the economic point of view, the gender gap is referred to like the differences in outcome that males and females attain in the labor market. The differences are perceived in the ratio of males and females in the labor market, occupations that they choose as well as the income that they receive (John , 2014, p. 291). 1.2 Aims The report seeks to analyze the gender gap in Malaysia about the wage differentials in the labor market. 1.3 Country The report has opted to choose Malaysia has the country to analyze the gender gap that exists in the wage differential. 2.0 Background 2.1 History In the recent past, the economy of Malaysia has undergone crucial changes shifting from overdependence on agriculture to service as well as the manufacturing industry. Recently the service sector has become the key to the economic growth of Malaysia. The service industry has evolved to a more knowledge and capital intensive activities that call for more skilled-labor (Becky & Jennifer , 2009, p. 252). Such changes have led to increasing the wages that are being paid on the market as...
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...Dissertation – MA Gender and Development Marion R. Mueller, September 2004 Abstract This paper contributes to the discussion about the involvement of women as decision-makers in democratic political processes. It questions the conditions that are necessary to promote such involvement and that open up spaces for the translation of women’s representation into political influence. The context of the devolution of power process in Pakistan shows that it is not enough to only set up democratic institutions to achieve women’s political effectiveness. Instead there is need for significant support through the state, political parties and civil society. To personalise the political is necessary for successfully being able to achieve policy outcomes that reflect women’s interests. Table of contents Abbreviations & Foreign Words 4 List of Figures and Tables 5 Acknowledgements 6 1. Introduction 7 Choice of case study 8/ Methodology 9/ Dissertation structure 10 2. Locating women’s engagement in democratisation 11 3. Imagining the political: women and the nature of the state 16 The framework of the state 16/ Defining access: affirmative action policies in Pakistan 16/ Devolving power to the grassroots 18/ Personalising the political: the presence of women councillors 20 4. Institutionalising the political: political parties and women’s involvement in the political system 22 Party membership structures 23/ Women’s...
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...important because women were involved in many of these campaigns so they were encouraged that they would be able to win suffrage for themselves. A campaign for women's suffrage developed in the years after 1870 due to several reasons. Women's necessity and craving for suffrage can partly explain the campaign, although it is also significant to consider why a campaign or fight was necessary, along with the reasons why this began after 1870. The primary reason women wanted suffrage was because of their inferior status to men. They wanted to improve this. For example women were not allowed to attend schools or colleges limiting their chances of becoming someone important and well respected in society. Their job range was very limited they could either work in mills, farms or stay at home and look after the house however the poor women were unable to stay home to look after the house, as they had to work to bring in income to support their families. This led to a campaign for women's suffrage because they were not happy about being treated as slaves. The men were the slave-masters and the women were the slaves. They wanted to change this so they could live independently and not to rely on men. But this would only happen if they were able to get education so they could practice for careers that would improve there image in society and press the government to make changes so that women could be treated equally to men. In addition, in 1901 there was a surplus of 1 million women meaning that...
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...representation can be simply delineated: Women represent half of the population of a country and therefore have the right to half of the Seats, since decisions made in parliament have a direct impact on their lives. - Women have different social and biological experiences which should be represented in Institution of governance. - Women and men have partly conflicting interests. - Women in positions of power can inspire more women to place themselves in influential and decision-making roles. Providing reservations to a particular section of community in government jobs and other institutions is generally the highlight of any political party’s agenda these days. Now there have been discussions about providing reservations to women in government jobs and democratic institutions like legislative assemblies and Parliament also. Sometimes one feels that basically the reservation issue is nothing but a populist policy of a government, but still it is necessary to discuss the rationale behind such a policy. Can reservations for women be an effective measure and do the women really require such special treatment? These are the points which need to be addressed. It is nothing but a truism to say that the present status of women in the Indian society vis-à-vis the status of men is far from satisfactory. For centuries, Indian society like most of the other societies has been a male-dominated one. Perhaps the degradation of the status of women started in the later Vedic period, because...
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