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Women in Nazi Germany

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Submitted By oksanap
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The women in Nazi Germany had a very specific role set up for them. The specifications of their job consisted of revolving around their house duties, their husbands and their children. Most of the income in the family would come from the husband, while back at home, the women would tidy up and keep everything in place. The encouragement of marrying at a young age, and getting a proper family dates back to 1933, from when Hitler first rose to power, and the Law for the Encouragement of Marriage was introduced. This law specified that all newly married couples would get a government loan of 1000 marks which was about 9 months average income. This loan was not to be simply paid back. The birth of one child meant that 25% of the loan did not have to be paid back. Two children meant that 50% of the loan need not be paid back. Four children meant that the entire loan was cleared. In another sense, it was logical for the families to reproduce in order to have a stable life. Hitler’s policies mainly revolved around the main idea of producing more children in the country, in order to have more mother and more soldiers.

With more young boys and girls, Germany was gaining more soldiers and mothers. Before becoming eligible men and women, all of the youth had to go through specific programs where they would gain more knowledge and learn new policies. The programs were called “Hitler Youth”. In the first few years the programs were launched, they were strictly for the boys, where they were physically fit and prepared to become an entitled soldier. The program for boys was longer, and they had to go through three main stages of the program; Pimpfen (6-10), Deustche Jungvolk (10-14) and Hitler Jugend (14-18). However, in 1928 the program was instituted to girls as well. For them, they only had to go through the two stages; Jugenmadel (10-14), meaning young maidens, who did mostly physical exercises and health training. The Second stage was Bund Deutscher Madel (14-17) which introduced the girls into motherhood and the responsibilities of it. Unlike the boys, the girls did not have the opportunity to go into an elite formation. They mostly taught the essentials of becoming a good mother and encouraged the girls to quit school which they are currently enrolled in to. In these programs, they have taught the girls subject such as domestic science and racial biology in order for their future knowledge about the jews. They have also encouraged physical exercises in order to have all of the girls healthy and eligible of becoming a mother. With propaganda received from the education ministries, the girl’s lives were set by the government as they saw all of the laws and policies as a benefit to them and their future families.

As the girls grew, they have learned the standards of the ideal woman. As to all of the nazi ideology, they would have to be racially pure and physically healthy. As for being ‘Aryan’, they would have to be tall, thin, blonde and blue-eyed and have an ideal body for carrying children. In September 1934, Adolf Hitler has made a speech to the National Socialist Women’s Organization, where he argued that for the german woman “world is her husband, her family, her children, and her home”. With this statement, he is reemphasizing the previous propaganda made and linking back to the three K’s; Kinder, Küche, Kirche. These were introduced by the former emperor William the II of Germany, which meant; Children, Kitchen, Church. The aspect of the Children and the Kitchen were more stressed upon in the Third Reich. In 1939, a specific award has been introduced to Germany which would recognize a woman’s success in motherhood, and how she has showed an excellent example of raising four or more healthy and perfect children, these women would be awarded with the Cross of Honor of the German Mother. The medals varied from bronze to gold, eligible mothers who have raised eight or more children have been awarded with gold. This sort of recognition would praise the women of Germany and would celebrate all of their accomplishments which they were destined to do. In 1933, Magda Gobbles declared: "German women were excluded from three professions: the army, as elsewhere in the world; the government; and the judiciary. If a German girl must choose between marriage or a career, she will always be encouraged to marry, because that is what is best for a woman”. Even if nazi ideology has worked smoothly in Germany, this would restrict the women in various ways, preventing them from becoming who they desire to be.

As to many restrictions profession wise, the women in Germany were also prohibited of many other items, such as the use of make up. In 1933, meetings of NSBO (National Sozialistischer Betriebs Obman, the women's section of the German Workers' Front) proclaimed that women who were “painted and powdered were forbidden at all meetings of the NSBO. Women who smoked in public – in hotels, cafés, in the street and so on – will be excluded from NSBO”. Sexuality was banned unless it was for reproductive reasons, otherwise the liberated young women were considered either “antisocial” or “depraved”. That is why women were encouraged to enter motherhood for reasons such as getting various awards for their accomplishments and for being socially accepted into the communities. As another way of encouragement, German Mother’s Day has been created in 1939. Abortions were illegal and all natural stillbirths were investigated from 1935 until onwards. In 1943, a law was enacted“Protection of Marriage, Family and Motherhood” in which the mother’s would be charged with death penalty, as they are convicted of stopping the population of Germany.

For women’s physical appearance, they had to display themselves modest as the ‘Aryan’ race. The mothers and the young girls had to dress decorously which also displayed the strong and fertile clothing. The Nazi officials attempted to abolish the whole idea of the western culture like the jazz flapper style and associated them with “severely jewish” or “french dominated. The Nazi officials were always attempting to terminate any sense of the 1920s however many opposition groups have rose, mostly the youth, attempting to bring in the western culture to Germany. Although, due to Nazi’s strict security, a lot of these adolescents were either sent of labour camps or they were questioned by the officials. Not a lot of women got to experience this culture, because of the professional security, only some young girls who chose to rebel against the government. The Third Reich sought to create material for the ‘Aryan’ women, they also sought financial gain from the textile industry. Hitler concluded that the women must only consume and use German products.

The Women could be members of the Nazi party, if they were only “useful” (nurses and cooks for example). These women were called the NS-Frauenschaft. They would promote their ‘ideal’ features and they defended the role of the mother and the spouse, and in no way did they actually oppose the loss of women’s rights. Although in 1937, the Nazi party members have recognized the work in which the women have put in economically and in other professional spheres. The anti-empacination policy adhering the employment was mollified, and women had the permission to work again, although they would still stress upon the factor of being a mother and how vital it is. By 1938 there were 2 million members which made up about 40% of the whole party.

By the time the Second World War has started, the policies have been changed and permitted the women to join. They were allowed to join the auxiliary forces (no combat units). They would either take telephone calls or just work as administrative clerks typists and messengers. Afterwards women were called to do men’s jobs and they have increased the amount of jobs in different professional areas. In Nazi Concentration Camps, such as Auschwitz and Majdanek, there was an estimate of 3600 women working as prison guards. Although, if there were any affairs with the Prisoners of War, the women would get exterminated immediately as to their lack of professionalism and their lack of respect for their country at this time.

Even though, women were responsible for carrying all of the children of Germany, they were still put second to place after the men who were becoming eligible soldiers in order to protect the country. Throughout the Nazi regime, the women had to reside in a nation, filled with preventions and discouragement in education. The women were only associated with the words like kitchen and children, and have their whole life planned out by the government officials. Hitler’s policy was intended to create a powerful country, which would run like a machine, creating new children who would either becoming strong soldiers who would protect the country from the west. Looking back at all of the factors that the women had to deal with in Germany, their lives were discriminated, yet the women themselves did not know how much harm it actually brought to them, because they were bound to create a strong country.

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