...roots of public participation: Women’s engagement in democratic politics in Pakistan Dissertation – MA Gender and Development Marion R. Mueller, September 2004 Abstract This paper contributes to the discussion about the involvement of women as decision-makers in democratic political processes. It questions the conditions that are necessary to promote such involvement and that open up spaces for the translation of women’s representation into political influence. The context of the devolution of power process in Pakistan shows that it is not enough to only set up democratic institutions to achieve women’s political effectiveness. Instead there is need for significant support through the state, political parties and civil society. To personalise the political is necessary for successfully being able to achieve policy outcomes that reflect women’s interests. Table of contents Abbreviations & Foreign Words 4 List of Figures and Tables 5 Acknowledgements 6 1. Introduction 7 Choice of case study 8/ Methodology 9/ Dissertation structure 10 2. Locating women’s engagement in democratisation 11 3. Imagining the political: women and the nature of the state 16 The framework of the state 16/ Defining access: affirmative action policies in Pakistan 16/ Devolving power to the grassroots 18/ Personalising the political: the presence of women councillors 20 4. Institutionalising the political: political parties...
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...Review Article Violence against Women in Pakistan: A Framework for Analysis Parveen Azam Ali1, Maria Irma Bustamante Gavino2 University of Sheffield1, United Kingdom, Aga Khan University School of Nursing2, Karachi, Pakistan Abstract Understanding violence against women is as complex as its process. As a perusal of literature shows that most of the explanations were contextually and culturally based, this review attempts to analyze the issue of violence against women using theories applicable within the Pakistani context. Literature examining the issue of violence against women and its various theories was reviewed. A framework using the determinants of violence against women as proposed, include intrinsic and extrinsic factors within the people, the socio-economic- political and cultural system of Pakistan and the influences of surrounding countries. The Pakistani scenario has been described and the theoretical bases were presented. Each determinant has been discussed with supporting literature. Further studies are needed to strengthen the framework; however, it provided a modest view of violence against women in Pakistan. The framework would help the policy and decision makers to understand the dynamics of violence against women and may move them to action to bring about improvements in women's' lives. Introduction Understanding violence against women is a complex issue. Several explanations coming from various theories have been offered to understand...
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...University of Sargodha | Women Empowerment in Punjab, A Case Study | Supervisor: Dr. Mussarat jabeen | | Muhammad Waseem Abbas – 02 , Sumera Imam – 04 , Tufail Niazi- 28 | [Pick the date] | Department of International Relations and pol-Sciences | Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3 1.1 Understanding Power 3 1.2 Understanding Empowerment 5 1.3 Empowerment and its meanings 6 1.4 Women’s awareness about their rights 8 2-Punajb and women empowerment 9 2.1 women empowerment in Punjab Pakistan 9 2.2 Economic benefits of women empowerment 11 2.3 Punjab assembly work from 2008-13 11 2.4 women issues and provincial government 13 2.5 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PUNJAB AND OTHER PROVINCES IN WOMEN EMPOWERMENT 14 2.6 Punjab women empowerment package 16 3-Future of women in Punjab, Suggestions and conclusion 24 3.1 Future of women empowerment in Punjab 24 3.2 suggestions for women empowerment 25 3.3 Conclusion 25 References 27 Chapter-1 1. Introduction 1.1 Understanding Power At the core of the concept of empowerment is the idea of power. The possibility of empowerment depends on two things. First, empowerment requires that power can change. If power cannot change, if it is inherent in positions or people, then empowerment is not possible, nor is empowerment conceivable in any meaningful way. In other words, if power can change, then empowerment is possible. Second, the concept of empowerment depends upon the idea...
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...II 10 December 2013 Women Education in Pakistan The concept of education makes everybody want to feel denunciation for it. Many people would say that it seems like something that shouldn’t be mandatory and the world would be a better place without it. They would also say that school is very tedious and pointless. However, education is valued as a necessity in Pakistan. It is predominantly appreciated by females. Pakistanis believe that education has the potential to give a typical human being the intellect on how to overcome obstacles in life. Unfortunately, this cannot happen; it mainly can’t happen to females. Lack of education for women, primarily caused by social obligations and social beliefs, is having a global importance by making other countries seem more educated. Pakistan is eminent primarily for its history and governing system. It is a country located in Asia and is one of the fewest countries in the world that give more preference to males. They do this because it is believed that they are essential to the country. They do physical work, which helps build the foundation for a successful country. Males are also involved a lot in the military, which is what Pakistan gives a lot of preference to (“Women’s Education in Pakistan”). Pakistan has a noteworthy history. It was once a part of India. When the countries achieved independence in 1947, Pakistan split off from India due to religious conflict (“Pakistan”). Ever since then, Pakistan has struggled to maintain...
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...July-December 2012, pp.439-458 Role of Civil Society in Empowering Pakistani Women Shehzadi Zamurrad Awan F.C College University ABSTRACT Civil society in Pakistan has been playing its role in social, economic and political empowerment of women. Unfortunately, despite of the emergence of vibrant print/electronic media, wide-spread network of women related non-governmental organizations and the focus of political parties on women related issues; a large segment of female population is still struggling hard for the equal status. However, it is pertinent to state that the notion of women empowerment is deeply linked with an over-all change in patriarchal structure of the society, on one side and the truthful understanding of religion (Islam) on the other. We cannot neglect this reality that the growing trend to provide equal opportunities of education and employment to women has contributed to their welfare, but not effective through to make a dent in their over-all well-being. In spite of the fact that more representation is given to the women in legislatures, neither have they suggested remedies for the grievances and dismal plight of women, nor they could suggest the broad framework to improve the role of female socio-economic and political in Pakistan. KEY WORDS: Civil Society, Pakistan, Woman, Welfare, Gender, NGO Introduction This paper intends to establish a linkage between the issues of women empowerment and the contribution of the civil society, to achieve a respectable...
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...i Civil Services Academy, Lahore Pakistan Administrative Campus 36th STP Syndicate Research Topic: Gender Equality and Women Empowerment in Pakistan Dated: 6-12-2013 SYNDICATE MEMBERS: 1. Dharmoon Bhawani (Leader) 2. Amna Rafique 3. Kamal Khan 4. Nergis Shazia Chaudhary TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Title………………………………………………………………………………………1 2. Syndicate Members………………………………………………………………………2 3. Table of Contents………………………………………………………………………...3 4. Theme…………………………………………………………………………………….4 5. Preface……………………………………………………………………………………7 6. Thesis Statement…………………………………………………………………………8 7. Executive statement………………………………………………………………………9 8. Abbreviations………………………………………………………………………...….11 9. Introduction……………………………………………………………………………..12 10. Statement of Problems………………………………………………………………….13 11. Methodology……………………………………………………………………………14 12. Scope of Study………………………………………………………………………….14 13. Review of Literature…………………………………………………………………….15 SECTION 1: GENDER EQUALITY AND WOMEN EMPOWERMENT 1.1. Introduction …………………………………………………………………….17 1.2. Definition of Gender Equality and Women Empowerment…………………….17 1.3. Current state of Gender Equality and Women Empowerment in Pakistan……..18 1.4. Biswas’s Indicator of Women Empowerment ………………………………….19 1.5. Violence against Women………………………………………………………..19 1.6. Women Empowerment in Legislation and Judiciary…………………………...20 1.7...
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...Discrimination: Abstract: Gender discrimination is a non-tradition security threat to Pakistan and it has implications for Pakistan security. Pakistani women are more than half of the total population, but women are treated inhumanly within their homes by their husbands or dominant males through different ways like Domestic Violence, Sawara, Vani, Karo Kari, Honour Killing, Acid Throwing, Forced Marriages etc. Gender discrimination is also deeply rooted in Pakistani society in education and employment sectors. The security of a state like Pakistan is connected with the security of whole population and a country cannot be considered secure until its whole population feel secure. For the progress and prosperity of a country there is needed to eliminate the discriminatory attitude of the society towards the women. There are multiple ways to improve gender balance in the country which will reduce gender discrimination. Key Words: Gender Discrimination, Education Sector, Employment Sector, Gender and Human Security. I. Introduction This study discusses gender discrimination as „non-traditional security‟ threat to the country. It argues that women are more than half of the population and the security of women is associated with state security. This is so because no country can be secure until its whole population feels secure. Pakistan needs to empower its women for the progress and prosperity of a country. Balance has been maintained by the nature...
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...of Mingora in Pakistan was a tourist attraction before a group of terrorists terrorized the city and took over. Malala Yousafzai was one of the many women it had affected over the time of the take over. Malala liked to learn to read and write in school to help her with her daily life, and also liked to learn different subjects in school such as, Math and Science. When she found out she couldn’t attend school, it devastated her. So she took a stand for her village, country, and almost all women without an education with her voice and fund (Malala Fund). The purpose of this paper is to learn more about education rights and women’s rights in Pakistan, and how one girl took a stand for her village that didn’t have a voice to stand up for themselves against the Taliban. Malala Yousafzai was born on July 12, 1997 in Mingora, Swat Valley,...
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...PAKISTANI WOMEN: RELIGION, STATE AND SOCIETY Much has been written in the international press in recent years concerning the difficulties facing Pakistani women today. Islam itself stresses that women have significant freedoms and rights and the Pakistani constitution guarantees equal treatment for all of its citizens. Pakistan has signed many United Nations treaties guaranteeing the equality and fair treatment of women. But the reality is very different. Most women in Pakistan face a hostile male-dominated environment where they have little or no choice in their lives and face the prospect of harsh violence directed against them. Some international journalists have written that Pakistan is one of the most dangerous places anywhere for women. The reason for this tragedy is that archaic tribal customs and attitudes remain a dominant force in many areas of the country. Pakistan was expressly created as an Islamic state, but many Pakistanis have not followed Islamic teachings concerning the treatment of women. The teachings of Islam provide full protection and security for women, but many Pakistani women are suppressed and victimized by their own family members. Although there are clear provisions both in Islam and in the 1973 Pakistani constitution to provide respect, safety and equal rights for women, Pakistan remains a male-dominated society where women still struggle to achieve their basic rights. Male officials in Pakistan can point to the nation’s constitution...
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...Stationary pyramid is the most stable type of population pyramid that shows the equal birth-rate and death-rate. Austria has a stationary pyramid. Pakistan is the 6th most populous country and estimated population of Pakistan was almost 188 million in 2015 and the expected Pakistan’s Population is to be 192.814 billion persons in 2017. From 2000-2016 percentage of Population growth rate in Pakistan is about 29.7%. while, overall population growth rate of Pakistan is 2.0%. It is said that with this Growth rate Pakistan will become the 4th largest NATION in 2050. Pakistan is known as the “YOUNG” country with the median age of 23 years. (Total). And has both female and male median age year of 23,Approximately 106 million People are below the age of 30 and Total working Population is 121.01 million and there is only 57% literacy Rate of Total populatin.In general it has been studied that where there is rapid population growth and high fertility rates, poverty incidences is also very high. According to the report of 2014, health expenditure of Pakistan is only 2.6% of GDP. Dependency Ratio of Pakistan. Total dependency ratio: 65.3 Youth dependency ratio: 57.9 Elderly dependency ratio:...
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...Some developing countries, such as Pakistan, still lag behind in healthcare. According to Farid (2011), Pakistan has a maternal mortality ratio of 280. This is much higher compared to the US with a score of 13. The focus of this article is about the childbirth experience of women in a government hospital in Pakistan. I will discuss a comparison between the childbirth practices in the US and Pakistan. The author of this article, Huma...
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...SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL CONSTRAINTS OF WOMEN IN PAKISTAN/A country is backward because its people are backward. 3. Democracy has failed to deliver in Pakistan!Discuss./The Future of Democracy in Pakistan/What are the hurdles in our way to becoming a truly independent state? 4. Media-a Mirror to the Society or a Frankensteinian Monster/Power of Media in the Modern World/Globalization and electronic media/The present system of education must assume some of the responsibilities of our failures of media/Truth is a rare commodity despite the freedom enjoys by the print media and electronic media. 5. Palestine is missing from the agenda of the United Nations ;nor is The United States ready to press on nor Israel ready to accommodate Palestinians.Elaborate. 6. The world politics stands more derisive than it was ever before due to the specific imperialist designs/The Politics of Empowerment in Pakistan.Elucidate/Political is the art of possible. Discuss. 7. Pakistan and War on Terror: Gains and Losses 8. Status of Women in Islam./The state of women Rights in Pakistan/Can women be equal to men in Pakistan?/Why is there no status of the third gender in Pakistan?/Does Pakistani society regard women as the angel in the house of the source of all evils? 9. Provincial Autonomy. 10. Climate Change:A Myth or Reality!/Global Warming/Climate Change/Greenhouse Effect 11. Is Foreign Aid the SOLUTION TO POVERTY in Pakistan or Self-reliance might be our saviour ?/Foreign...
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... for environmental, social, and economic programs and policies. * 10 Unilever brands received first rank in their respective categories in the Best Brand Award, and Sunsilk is included. * Unilever received second rank in three categories: Best managed Company, Best Corporate Governance, and Best Commitment to Strong Dividend Payment. * Sunsilk achieved 1st Pakistani Packaging Consumer Branding Award as the Outstanding Brand in Prima Level * UNILEVER is one of the largest organizations in Pakistan. * Company has advanced technology and well skilled professionals. * Sunsilk is a high quality product in terms of hair protection. * The target market is educated, professionals and belongs to premium and middle class. * Company totally owned, systematic distribution network, transparent communication system. * Company possesses Participative Management Style. * Very good distribution network all over Pakistan, in all major and small cities * Great promotion. Above the line ad through the television media with different kind of theme. * Gender Bias. * They are not targeting children segment. * They don’t have strong polices regarding promotion in remote areas. * The distribution of Sunsilk shampoo to the small areas is still weak. They only provide the costumers with the variants of lasting Black Shine or Anti Dandruff. It’s hard to find the other variants. * Customers are offered better...
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...Malala Yousafzai was born on July 12th, 1997 in Pakistan a place called Mingora. This is located in the Swat District of the country. She was born into the Sunni Muslim family that is of the Pashtun ethnicity. Malala has always been a good student at school and has never failed in her exams. Her first name Malala means grief-stricken, named after Malalai of Maiwand who was a famous poetess in Pashtun and a warrior from Southern Afghanistan. Her last name, Yousafzai is of the large Pashtun tribal confederation that is mainly found in Pakistan Swat Valley a place she grew up. She lived with her parents, her two younger brothers, and two pet chickens. Malala is fluent in English, Pashto, and Urdu and was received a lot of her education from her father Ziauddin Yousafzai, who owned a school and was also a poet. Once in an interview, Malala stated that she wanted to be a doctor but was later encouraged by her father to...
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...Gender and Health Gender is a crucial element in health inequities as it influences the control men and women have over the determinants of their health, including their economic position and social status, access to resources and treatment in society. Decades of active lobbying by non-governmental organizations and women’s rights advocates have had a major influence in ‘gendering’ health policies, such as the shift in focus from family planning to reproductive health paradigms and the global acknowledgement that violence against women is as much a health issues as a social issue. The Nobel Laureate Amartya Sen, in his seminal book ‘Development as Freedom’, emphatically stressed the relationship between women's education, social status and overall child and maternal health when he made education and health as the two basic capabilities that makes life meaningful and the enjoyment of freedom possible. Analysis of economic and socio-cultural context is an important component of health policy analysis because contextual factors significantly influence the health policy process and the overall health of population directly and indirectly. Paying attention to contextual factors helps in understanding the role of the state, society and market forces influencing health agenda, health planning and implementation, and even more important health outcomes. Health as a sector best typifies the fallacy of the trickledown theory – that despite periods of high economic growth and activity...
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