...Factors Affecting Work Life Balance among University Teachers: the case of Pakistan Noor Fatima: Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, Pakistan. noor_e_fatimah@hotmail.com Dr Shamim A.Sahibzada: Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, Pakistan. shamim@szabist-isb.edu.pk Abstract Balance in work and family life is an emerging challenge for both employees and employers. The present research categorises selected variables as work and family related factors to study work life balance. This paper analyses the determinants of work and life imbalance with respect to male and female university teachers. A total of 146 teacher’s responses from both private and public sector universities are included in the study. Statistical analysis reveals that partner support, colleague support and job resources are positively associated with the work life balance whereas unfair criticism at job is negatively associated with work life balance. Independent sample t-test is used to analyse the effect of independent variables on work life balance with respect to male and female university teachers. The variables, partner support, childcare responsibilities, elder dependency, and colleagues support have different effect when analysed by male and female university teachers as independent samples. Keywords: Work life balance, University, Teachers, 1. Introduction Work/life is commonly referred to as work and family. To balance between the family...
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...responsible to work for the benefits offered and by being loyal to his or her employer. Up to the point that even when are pressured by others to leave the organisation, they still feel strongly about working in the organisation. Further, Mohamad Zaid, Farah and Yahya (2014), normative commitment refer to emotion of responsibility to continue employment in an organisation. Those employee that have strong normative commitment, they still stay work with organisation because they feel responsible towards organisation. The feeling of commitment was influence...
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...with their mission, goals, and strategic plan. Throughout this paper, the role of rewards and motivation practices within the education industry will be discussed. The discussion will demonstrate how elements of a total reward system are used throughout a school district in North Carolina, New Jersey, and California. Five Elements of Total Reward System Organizations need reward systems that motivate performance, reward change, and encourage the development of individual and organizational capabilities and competencies (Lawler & Worley, 2006, p. 5). Therefore, understanding the five elements of the total reward system is essential to the implementation of a successful organization pay system. The five elements include direct compensation, indirect compensation, meaningful work, long-term career opportunities, and identity affiliation. These five elements help to provide job satisfaction and motivation. In the education industry creating a balance of these five elements helps to recruit and retain teachers. Cumberland County Schools System in Fayetteville, North Carolina teachers are directly compensated based upon the State’s classification system. The classification system is "a job structure made up of a series of classes with a number of jobs in each" (Milkovich & Newman, 2004, p. 126). The classifications include a bachelor's degree, master’s degree, speech language, and psychologist. Faculty also receives more money to their classification when they...
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...The purpose of this paper is to discuss incentive programs for teachers. In a society where education is more important as ever, public school districts should be thinking of new ways to encourage their teachers to remain in the educational field. Teachers are leaving their desired profession to find employment that has enhanced incentives. According to Management-People, Performance, Change, “a growing number of companies are launching inititives so that employees can balance their family and work life. The most common inititives are redesigning work, alternative work arrangements, leaves, time-saving assistance, emotional well-being, financial assistance, legal assistance, relocation, health benefits, wellness, parenting, childcare, child develepment, exceptional care giving services, and handling family issues in the office.” In order to preserve respected, qualified, and experienced teachers, incentive programs for educators need to be improved. The school district I will be discussing has 18 schools. According to Connecting Business to the Future website, the school district “is one of the newest school districts in their state. In 2008, it was surveyed to have more than 15,500 and 2000 staff members.” The school district is the 2nd largest employer in their county. I interviewed two high school teachers, and one principal from the school district. They all agreed there is a large turn over with teachers and one way to fix the issue is with competitive employee incentives...
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...and learning communities. Curriculum content and the learning environment are the premise of effective coaching. Collegial coaching has proven to be an asset to many educational institutions. It is the foundation of a teacher’s professionalism and the success of state standards. Implementing a collegial coaching program in a school setting is beneficial when attempting to improve the school’s AYP, student mastery, and teacher effectiveness. The school and staff must have a shared vision and purpose so that the coach can develop a plan of action, workshop of strategies, and effective resources. Many factors mandate coaching; changes in curriculum, dynamics of the school culture, and approaches to teaching. Regardless of the geographic location of the school, the challenges are the same, however the approach may be different. Coaching is effective across the globe. The scope, sequence, pacing guides, and policies are often orchestrated by the teacher to establish or maintain their professional beliefs and objectives. Globally, the expectations of teachers are the same. Transforming the world begins with great teaching. Coaching is a significant global professional development strategy. The search for proficient, competent, and experience instructional coaching professional became prevalent when the federal government mandated that all school districts develop and implement a school improvement plan such as instructional coaching that provided consistent training, restructuring...
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...problems that can hinder their success as well as recognize any areas of opportunity for their organization. They are currently analyzing ways to increase the student to teacher ratio by implementing a new computer software program to aid in the students learning. The board of directors is interested in benchmarking other companies to increase their knowledge and improve their chance to meet their strategic objectives. Describe the Situation Issue and Opportunity Identification There does not appear to be a framework for project management or operations with the Foundation Schools project team. Confusion and identification with the project is compounded due to the lack of a project manager. The end state vision is not clear and can be very broad and does not lead to a conclusive success of the project. The teachers of Foundation Schools do not feel compelled to change their teaching styles to incorporate the Life Skills software. Stakeholder Perspectives/Ethical Dilemmas Foundation Schools will be able to not only increase revenue for the organization, but help the lives of the students of the schools by utilizing a dedicated team and enhancing the culture in a way that stresses the importance of team work and job dedication. The balance of a strong, dedicated team is what is required to balance the importance to the stakeholders....
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...minimum and are confronted by increasing workload every day. So, most of them carry work and responsibilities to home but balancing between these two complex situations in the present day fast life requires talent, tact, skill and caution. Women have to cope up with high work targets, office commitments, tight meeting schedules and the duties and responsibilities of life and home. Employers should concentrate on framing various policies and schemes to facilitate Work life balance to encourage and attract women employees. (Sayanti Ghosh, 2010) According to Powell and Greenhaus (2006), women may have difficulties managing their...
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...Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Nutrition plays an important role in the present age of scientific investigation and discovery. Recent studies and discoveries in the field of nutrition have been considered among the greatest scientific achievements because of their far reaching effects on human progress and welfare. Credit is due to those investigators in the field of nutrition who made careful and painstaking studies which have given knowledge on how best to select, combine and prepare food to promote the health and efficiency of the individual The world’s demand for food is becoming greater than ever. The current world population of 8 billion needs new innovations to meet the growing challenges of the poor and hungry world. Over nutrition, obesity, and related diseases characteristic of the developed world, is becoming serious public health problems in countries with widespread food insecurity. Children suffering from under nutrition today could well be afflicted with chronic diseases of development as adults. The economic development that has led to improved food security and better health in some countries needs to be harnessed, while at the same time incentives to avert the adverse health effects of the nutrition transition need to be taken. The potential of novel foods to alleviate under nutrition is becoming more apparent. But they are unlikely to have a role in the prevention of diseases associated with over nutrition in developing countries, which use...
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...the various generational stages they have surpassed (Lancaster & Stillman, 2002). In this paper, I have discussed the prevalence of cultural differences along the generation gaps. When Baby Boom teachers begin to quit or to retire, a new lot of a teachers generation crops up and takes the classroom. The Generation Y leaders are young, energetic, ambitious, techno-savvy and more interested in larger outcomes that have global impacts (Bernstein & Alexander, 2008). In US classrooms, teachers have been classified as per their generation. Baby Boom teachers are those who are nearing retirement; these were born between 1943 and 1960 (Behrstock & Clifford, 2009). Generation X teachers are those whose birth dates fall in between 1961 and 1981 while those teachers who have been classified as Generation Y are those who were born as from1981- present. These are taking up the public classrooms as Baby Boomers are retiring (Bernstein & Alexander, 2008). While leading generation X, the old rules still applies, this is because this generation prefers collaboration and working in regulated frameworks rather than being autonomous. They like following the shortest routes to results as they are protocol secondary and values balance and quality of work-life more (Behrstock &Clifford, 2009).Between Generation X and the Baby Boomers, active leadership significantly differs, the latter tends to be formal while the former are always...
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...and values, since these will soon be useless or even detrimental to living a full life. (Cropley, 2006, p. 136)1 Introduction In this paper I attempt to provide some insight about the teaching of thinking and creativity in schools by drawing parallels between what is found on this subject in the literature, my experience as a teacher of thinking skills in Primary schools in Maltai and from findings that emerge from a questionnaire that I conducted with Maltese Primary and Secondary school teachers to analyse their perceptions on the teaching and learning of creativity, compatible with the educational values of current pedagogical practices. Facing today’s challenges Educators are being increasingly faced with the ever-growing call for entrepreneurial citizens who value openness, diversity and creativity, who are able to design the future in all areas of their life. This demands that a school’s curriculum must be open and flexible enough to accommodate these new perspectives. This paper focuses on the need for a holistic approach to creativity in education, an approach that takes into account all the aspects of creativity where education is concerned. Promoting creativity in education has to take into account the evident conflicting factors included in creativity such as divergent and convergent thinking, 1 Cropley, A. J. (2001). Creativity in Education and Learning: A Guide for Teachers and Educators. London: RoutlegeFalmer. intrinsic and...
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...Title: Effects of Study Habits to the Academic Performance of the students of The National Teachers College 1st year Block 4 BSEd Problem:What are the Effects of Study Habits to the Academic Performance of the students of The National Teachers College 1st year Block 4 BSEd? Hypothesis: Ha: There is Significant difference in the Effects of Study Habits to the Academic Performance of the students of The National Teachers College 1st year Block 4 BSEd. Ho: There is no Significant difference in the Effects of Study Habits to the Academic Performance of the students of The National Teachers College 1st year Block 4 BSEd. INTRODUCTION As you know education plays one of the most important roles in the life of every person because it opens huge possibilities to reach success in life. In fact when you study in college you can get acquainted with a lot of people who can become useful in the future. Studying is very important for your life, If you want to achieve something more. Study habits are the ways that you study, the habits that you have formed during school years. Study habit can be good ones or bad ones. Good study habits include being organized, keeping good notes, reading textbook, and listening in class. Bad study habits include skipping class, not doing they work, playing games instead of studying. You can do the good study habit. It means you are not distracted by anything, you have a certain place to go where it is quiet everyday...
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...through collective bargaining. One of the biggest union forces in the United States is the teachers union. With almost close to 5 million members nationwide, the teachers union is one of the most powerful unions. Through collective bargaining, problems have been created for the public school system which takes place at local school districts; rules have been imposed to create ineffective forms of organization at schools. The rules that are currently in place by collective bargaining are also creating a big disconnection with many public schools, that being the interest of the children. The teachers union is one main role players that is behind the organized education system of the United States. So, why are the public schools systems in the United States failing? The answer can be complicated a one, one of the reasons why the public school system is broken is due to the collective bargaining through the teachers union. Collective bargaining has made great impact on student achievement, as a result, the teacher unions have often used their political power to block or weaken major education reform efforts, efforts that would expand school choice for many students and parents. School districts that engage in collective bargaining only promote job interest for teachers. The collective bargaining with teachers union does not promote an effective way for students to succeed in the classroom. Teachers are the most important people in children’s lives, their role is significant when it comes...
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...you thought they would be? Codie discovered that by effectively managing her schedule, dedicating focused practice sessions to her academic pursuits, and diligently jotting down crucial information, she significantly boosted her academic performance. These well-thought-out strategies not only facilitated her memory retention but also played a pivotal role in alleviating her overall stress levels, leading to a more balanced and successful academic life. Conversely, Mitch favoured a different approach, opting to meticulously cross-reference his workbooks with online resources to validate the accuracy and comprehensiveness of his notes and study materials. Emphasising the significance of allocating substantial study time, particularly in readiness for the demanding HSC examinations, Mitch...
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...school or a middle school, several things are different from the environment and the behavior of your old school (Beckwith, 2008). You will experience several changes in this new high school. You make new friends, face navigating a new school, and discover several disciplines and you will get to know new teachers in an unfamiliar class. The new environment has many demands and expectations than your junior high school or your middle school (In Burhanna, 2013). Teachers also want you to work hard and enhance your skills. They are interested in assisting you to achieve. Incoming freshmen need to know several things about high school. They also need to know the dos and the don’ts for them to have a great high school life. Incoming freshman should know that high school education occurs in a much flexible environment which has lots of freedom. High school teachers focus on assisting freshers to succeed and enhance their skills. To this end, teachers expect that you should be mature by know, and you should be able to distinguish right and wrong. You should also have an unmatched level of discipline. You need to take your studies seriously and focus on improving your performance. Again, you should avoid peer influence and premature affairs that could distract you from achieving your dream. You also need to be aware that your grades in high school will determine the college you will enroll and the subject or the course that will become your major. As a freshman, you also need to know...
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...range of hardware applications that can be used with physical education departments. Video cameras can provide footage of experienced performers in action and can be used to inspire, to demonstrate correct techniques and to develop pupils’ understanding and knowledge of the subject. By reviewing their own actions, for example, pupils can evaluate and improve their own games strategies, gymnastics sequences, trampolining routines or dance compositions, particularly if they are able to look at their performances in slow motion or from a different viewing angle. Within practical situations the use of still and video cameras can highlight personal achievement within lessons. Video footage and photographic images can be cropped and edited and used either a slideshow or highlight DVD. Cameras can also be used as an assessment for learning tool and as a form of classroom management. Furthermore, they can help to create activity cards, worksheets, presentations as well as enable a teacher to break a particular skill or technique down to reinforce learning and demonstrate and show good practice. One example of a useful camera is the Sanyo Xacti video camera which is waterproof and captures footage as a regular video camera would. The storage is through SD memory cards and this allows for easy transfer of data. Footage taken can be observed...
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