...Food Web Diagram Michael J. Getka, Vickie Jones, Brian Hobbs, Megan Hernandez, and Kwana Moody BIO/101 October 24, 2011 University of Phoenix Food Web Diagram Producers Cottonwood Aspen Lodgepole pines Douglas fir Subalpine Fir Engelmann spruce Blue spruce Whitebark Pine Glacier Lily Indian paintbrush Plains Prickly Pear Fringed Gentian Silky Phacelia Shooting Star Yellow Monkey Flower Fairyslipper Bitterroot Columbia Monkshood Marsh marigold Northern bedstraw White geranium Phlox Wild strawberry Cow parsnip Evening primrose GardinerLadies tresses Woodland star Yarrow Pussytoes Spring beauty Bistort Meadows Arnica Groundsel Yellow bell Hayden Glacier lily Cinquefoil Stonecrop Yellow monkey flower Rabbitbrush Balsamroot Prickly pear cactus Yellow pond lily Sulfur buckwheat Globeflower Helianthella Dunraven Yellow violet Shooting star Prairie smoke Coralroot Bitterroot Elephant head Twinflower Paintbrush Wild Rose Sticky geranium Fireweed Lewis Fringed gentian Harebell Wild flax Dry Penstemon Lupine Forget-me-not Phacelia Stickseed Bluebells Clematis Larkspur Monkshood Wild iris Pasque flower Fauna Flora Consumers Grizzly Bear Trumpeter Swan Gray Wolf Lynx Mountain Lion Black Bear Cutthroat Trout Bison Fox Bald Eagle Bighorn Sheep Ravens Badgers Pine Marten River Otter Wolverine Striped Skunk Marmot...
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...writer and activist Enos Mills claimed, “The establishment of Yellowstone National Park was a great incident in the scenic history of America—and in that of the world. For the first time, a scenic wonderland was dedicated ‘a public park…for the benefit and enjoyment of all the people.” Mills wasn’t the only person of his time who shared these beliefs, in fact he wasn’t the first. Many had to come before him to discover Yellowstone, as well as shape the park and establish something that people wanted to see. Yellowstone was the first of its kind and it created parks as we know them today. Today, Yellowstone National Park is one of our country's most celebrated landmarks. The discovery and establishment of Yellowstone...
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...Yellowstone National Park is one of the world's natural beauty from it's geysers, to animals that roam the park, and all the land that is on top of the giant super-volcano. Despite, the fact that Yellowstone is giant volcano overdue to explode, the beauty above the volcano let's people forget about such destruction that lurks underneath. However, many tourists weren't aware that Yellowstone was a national park that had a lot to explore. Photographs are what shaped this park to be known as a natural park and through those photos people were able to see that it was filled with outdoor sights. William Henry Jackson went on an expedition with the Hayden Expedition of 1871 and photographed Yellowstone's natural beauty. His photographs of the park...
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...Spanning in Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho, the Yellowstone National Park is home to a multitude of diverse animals and geothermal areas that makes it a grandiose sight for onlookers who need some spark in their lives. Speaking of geothermal areas, Yellowstone is also home to 10,000 thermal features which contains more than 300 active geysers! This includes one of the world’s famous of the geysers, Old Faithful, that regularly erupts for visitors to watch in awe. The natural reserve is a great place for travelers to feel inspired and be at peace with Mother Nature, but what makes it so astonishing is its numerous geologic processes that makes Yellowstone unique as it is. To start off, the term “geology” means the study of Earth and how its processes...
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...Yellowstone is a National Park full of beautiful wildlife, including a variety of animals and plants, geysers, hot springs, and a fascinating history. This essay tells about the most well known geyser. It also explains the history of how hot springs and geysers were formed. It tells about the 1988 wildfires that raged through the National Park. It will also tell the geographical features and the wildlife you may see traveling through the park. Yellowstone National Park is the oldest of all National Parks and was officially established in 1872. The government didn’t want this beautiful land sold off, so in 1871 it was made illegal to settle in or sell as private property. Then, with the government’s attention already, when many artists came...
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...Yellowstone National Park was named after the Yellowstone River. Native Americans called the river “Mi tsi a da zi,” which meant “Rock Yellow River,” and was translated by French fur trappers to “Yellow Rock” or “Yellow Stone,” hence the name Yellowstone. John Coltzer was one of the first people to have explored the Yellowstone area. Coltzer was from the Lewis and Clark expedition and he walked alone through this area in 1807 while in search of furs. Since 1827, though, Yellowstone has been a national park and it was actually the World’s First National Park. Yellowstone is also a World Heritage Site and a Biosphere Reserve Site. Yellowstone would not have been possible, though, without the act that was passed on March 1st, 1872 by Congress that set aside land for the first national park. The Yellowstone National Park is located 96% in Wyoming, 3% in Montana and 1% in Idaho. The Park has 5 entrances, 466 miles of roads (310 miles paved), 950 miles of trails, and 287 campsites. The entire park is 3,472 square miles and is 2,221,766 acres. The highest point in the park is Eagle Peak at 11,358 feet above sea level and the lowest point is Reese Creek at 5,282 feet above sea level. Yellowstone has many geological features, such as fumaroles. Fumaroles are vents that emit steam mixed with other volcanic gasses. Some fumaroles in Yellowstone include the Black Growler Steam Vent and the Norris Geyser Basin. Hot springs are also another feature in Yellowstone. The park contains...
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...me it is so magical, such a spiritual experience.” He was referring to the sight of a wild animal. Rebuttal Howling for Justice The author of this article could have made his impact greater if he had used statistics to bolster his opinion. He offers no supporting statistics, no bill numbers and no legal references to support his position against delisting wolves from the Endangered Species Act. The author speaks from a purely emotional point of view where he attacks the legislative assembly for their actions. By not offering any credible statistics his opinion will not sway the critical opinion of his readers. Montana is a very heavy ranching area, and the writer is close to Yellowstone National Park. The Re-introduction and effects Fourteen wolves were first re-introduced to Yellowstone in 1995 and have made their presence known to the ranchers through their offspring....
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...hunting has seriously threatened some species of wildlife. Here are a few examples. Herds of buffalo that once numbered in the millions were nearly wiped out by hunters in the 19th century. They were killed for enjoyment and profit. By 1895 only 400 remained in the United States. In the west pronghorn and deer populations were nearly wiped out to feed the growing population. Some game birds such as the passenger pigeon were hunted to extinction. After all of these animal populations were decimated some people began to take notice. The general public caused some states to pass laws protecting some animals. The government also started to set aside land for national parks and wildlife refuges. In 1872 Ulysses S. Grant signed a bill that created Yellowstone National Park. This was the first ever national park. Several other national parks were created shortly after. Other laws were passed to set dates for hunting seasons and set bag limits. These laws also outlawed inhumane hunting methods. Once protected by laws and regulations game animals began to flourish. The spreading of human settlements also helped animals flourish. The settlers killed off predatory animals like wolves and grizzly bears. The animals that spread the most were elk and deer. These animals spread so rapidly that the area they were living in became over populated. This caused many of them to die of starvation. In 1933 Aldo Leopold ,an American biologist, developed a theory that one unit of habitat can only support...
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...The Great Basin of North America and Wyoming specifically, is known for its arid and semi-arid environment, as well as prolonged and sometimes severe droughts. Drought is the prolonged and abnormal deficiency of moisture with the concomitant decline in runoff to a level significantly lower than usual (Guldin 1989). The history of droughts in Wyoming has been uncertain in the past, but recent studies of tree rings in the Big Horn Basin of Wyoming have given insight to droughts as far back as 1260A.D. (Gray et al. 2004). Looking at tree ring records in Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and limber pine (Pinus flexilis) trees, Stephen Gray and his colleagues discovered that droughts which have been experienced in Wyoming since the 1750's, are weak in severity and length when compared to those since. The most severe drought period in Wyoming’s history occurred from 1262 to 1281. The droughts of the 1930’s and 1950’s, which have been used as benchmarks for all other droughts in the United States in recent times (Woodhouse et al. 2002), are ranked 149th and 28th respectively in comparison (Gray et al. 2004). The five top ranking droughts for 10, 15, and 20 year periods are all prior to the 1800’s, with the four driest single years being 1263, 1274, 1278, and 1280 (Gray et al. 2004). This indicates a change in precipitation patterns in the Big Horn Basin area of Wyoming since the 18th century, as all recent droughts have been mild when compared to those of Wyoming’s past. Droughts...
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...Running head: Wolves: Innocent victim or vicious killer? 1 Wolves Stephen Hawks Western Governors University Wolves: Innocent victim or vicious killer? 2 Wolves Introduction Wolves, the very name polarizes people from one end of the spectrum to the other. From the people that believe they should be shot on site, to the opposite end where environmentalist feels that people hunting wolves should be shot on site. How could you argue with the people most directly affected by the re-introduction of wolves into their area? When your livelihood is constantly threatened by the predators, it drives people to extremes. In our initial settling of this country we drove the other predators (mainly Native American and wolves) from their lands; forcing them to remote outskirts. We nearly killed the wolf off in our drive to seize this vast territory and everything in it. By doing that we threw off nature’s food chain, which caused a ripple effect among other animals and plants directly affected by the wolf. By re-introducing the wolf to its once natural territory, are we trying to right an injustice done by our ancestors long ago? Research has shown that wolves impact society through its reputation as killer of livestock, important link in the eco-system, and pawn in the ongoing debates between Government and Conservationist groups. There’s something spiritual about gazing into a wolf’s eyes. It touches your soul and it changes you. According to Lopez (1978) “It takes your...
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...THE YELLOWSTONE SUPER EVENT Approximately, every 600,000 years the Yellowstone Caldera explodes changing the face of the North American continent. It has been 640,000 years since the last event and geologists say that it is not a matter of if, but when. Recently a number of earthquakes and extreme occurrences in the Yellowstone area and what is called the Ring of Fire suggest that Yellowstone might be coming active. For instance, according to the Huffington Post, July 11th, 2014, “A popular road through Yellowstone National Park was shut down on Thursday, when the asphalt started to melt.” (1) According to park spokesman, Dan Hottle, this was caused by “extreme thermal heat”, which is fairly normal for the geyser-prone Yellowstone, but the melting of roads is not. Said Hottle, “It basically turned the asphalt into soup. It turned the ground into oatmeal.” (2) Let us for a minute suspend the notion that Yellowstone could blow tomorrow. We still have the words of geologists saying that it will, if not in the foreseeable future. So, it WILL blow, we just don’t really know when, and when it does it will have devastating results. Politically, we could see rise out of the chaos and probable civil unrest of such an event, an authoritarian regime that could make Stalin’s pale in comparison. Although immediate devastation could be limited to a 60 mile radius, the devastation to crops and animals from volcanic ash would put an awful burden on our food supply...
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...26 BE 9063: Computing with R: Shiny Fall, 2015 MB Rao & Cole Brokamp Lecture 1: Introduction to the Shiny Shiny is an R package. Its purpose is enable one to develop an appropriate app fitting the requirements. The package has 11 built-in examples. In our first meeting, we will discuss one such an example. App 1: Plot a histogram with flexible number of bins under control. The display panel will have two sections. One section will have a slide bar, which you can use to control the number of bins. The other section will have the histogram which will respond instantaneously to your setting number of bins. The app is used on the ‘old faithful’ data. Old faithful is a warm water geyser in the Yellowstone National Park in the mid-west. The geyser erupts for a certain length of time and then becomes dormant for a certain length of time. This cycle of eruption and dormancy continues day and night. Someone collected data of these times and published. Let us watch the eruption, if any, live. Look at the data. > data(faithful) > dim(faithful) [1] 272 2 > head(faithful) eruptions waiting 1 3.600 79 2 1.800 54 3 3.333 74 4 2.283 62 5 4.533 85 6 2.883 55 Interpretation of the data: > hist(faithful[ , 2], col = "darkgray", xlab = "Waiting Time between Eruptions", + ylab = "Frequency", main = "Waiting Times Between Eruptions of Old Faithful") > summary(faithful) eruptions waiting...
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...As a young boy William Henry Jackson had an urge to explore and document the great unknown. Capturing nature and its creatures in the raw and uncut wilderness in which they live was coded within his DNA. It was something no person or agency had to request, but a natural want and desire to do so. Jackson had traveled many times within the Yellowstone wilderness and other National Park regions before their creation, but never had he been a part of something whose direct intention was to explore and document the wilderness of the West. He would later go on to state that “if any work that I have done should have value beyond my own lifetime, I believe it will be the happy labors of the decade, 1869 – 1878” (Jackson 186). He would spend these fruitful years, through his camera and brush stroke, exposing the numerous hidden wonders of the West. Many of Jackson's efforts can be credited with the creation of our nation’s first National Park, Yellowstone in the Wyoming territory, as well as Yosemite National Park, Mesa Verde National Park Rocky Mountain National Park and the Grand Teton National Park. Jackson was the first pioneer to accurately photograph such wonders so realistic, helping unravel the mysteries associated with the West. In the last years of his life he would receive one of the most important commissions of his career (Jackson 234). Through perseverance, ingenuity, and the strength that only comes from a man on the frontier, Jackson laid the groundwork for one...
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...ensure humanity's survival. The world’s leaders decide to build ships called “arks” to escape the cataclysm. Approximately 400,000 people are chosen to board ships that are constructed at Cho Ming valley, China. Additional funding for the project is raised by selling tickets to the private sector for €1 billion per person. By 2011, they start secretly moving humanity's valuable treasures to the Himalayas. In 2012, Jackson Curtis is a science fiction writer in Los Angeles who works part-time as a limousine driver for Russian billionaire Yuri Karpov. Jackson's ex-wife Kate and their children Noah and Lily live with Kate's boyfriend, Gordon, a plastic surgeon. Jackson takes Noah and Lily camping in Yellowstone National Park, where they meet Charlie, who hosts a radio show from the park. Charlie references a theory that suggests the Maya calendar predicts that the 2012 phenomenon is going to occur and it’s the Earth’s doomsday. A series of events leads Jackson to believe what Charlie has told him. Charlie also has a map of the ark project and information of government officials and scientists from around the world who were murdered after discovering information about the ark project and trying to alert the public. The...
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...Do you run? Do you play dead? B.Thesis Statement: This evening I will inform you about how to react to a brown bear attacks. Preview of Main Points: I will tell you about how common brown bear attacks are, how to prevent bear attacks, and what do to when you are face to face with one. Body A.Brown bear attacks are not that common. According to Websters Dictionary a brown bear is “ any of several bears predominantly brown in color that are usually considered a single species including the grizzly bear and that formerly inhabited western North America from the barrens of Alaska to Northern Mexico and much of Europe and Asia but are now much restricted in range.” According to Yellowstone National Park's website, www.nps.gov/yell, the chances of a bear attack in their park is approximately 1in 2 million. You are 10 times more likely to be attacked by a dog than a brown bear. (Even though the chances of a bear attack are low you should still know how to prevent one.) B.Do research as to where you are staying to see if there are bears in the area. If you believe there is a bear around you shouldn't be stealthy. Do not bury garbage into the ground. Do not feed a bear at all, according to www.dnr.alaska.gov a biologist named Dick Shideler, with the Department of Fish and Game in Fairbanks, said that “once a bear associates people with food, it becomes a potential threat to all people in any future encounters.” (Being aware of your surroundings...
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