...volcano in the world, the Yellowstone volcano. Volcanic landforms in general are initially described. Then it focuses on how this volcano has formed a caldera, and on the characteristic cauldron-like structure and its composition of basaltic and rhyolitic magma. Each individual landform, such as the Yellowstone Caldera volcano, is formed by specific processes and present distinct interactions with their surrounding environment. This as well as the rarity of it as a landform will be discussed in this report. 2.0 Table of contents: Title page: ………………………………………………………………...p1 1.0 Abstract: ......................................................................................p2 2.0 Table of contents: ………………………………….……………..…p2 3.0 Introduction: …………………………………………….………..…..p3 4.0 Structure and composition of Yellowstone volcano: ………….…p3-p4 5.0 Yellowstone volcano processes: ……………………………….….p4-p5 6.0 Yellowstone volcano interactions: …………………………….…...p5-p6 7.0 Rate of recurrence of caldera volcanoes as a landform: ……….p6 8.0 Conclusion: …………………………………………………………..p6 9.0 References: …………………………………………………………..p7 3.0 Introduction: The purpose of this report is to research and present reliable and detailed information on the Yellowstone caldera volcano. Through the examination of a range of published journal articles and internet sites on the topic of volcanic landforms, and more specifically on the Yellowstone caldera volcano, this report...
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...procedure of disaster preparedness, mitigation, management, and prevention is highly important as a method of dealing with such events. Risk management involves addressing any phenomena that could potentially cause havoc in a community. (C. McMillan, 1998) It is significantly different from traditional preparedness and response activities. A traditional approach attempts to address existing problems, while hazard risk management “focuses more on anticipating problems by ensuring that growth and development address the likelihood of hazards and their interaction with environmental systems.” Whereas traditional preparedness and response mechanisms often focus on individual hazard events, risk management views hazard exposure as an ongoing process and aims at reducing the vulnerability of the society and the economy to natural disasters. Such an approach needs to become an integral part of economic planning and policy making. Disaster prevention involves long term studies of the earth and its processes, and using various scientific fields to monitor and attempt to predict when the next disaster will occur. In recent years, Space Technology has played an important role in providing fundamental information for risk management. “The...
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...Thermophilic Bacteria of Yellowstone National Park CEE:5154 Environmental Microbiology Research Paper University of Iowa Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering December 14, 2015 Bruce McWilliams Amid the vast, sparsely populated regions of Northwest Wyoming, lies one of the most diverse and extraordinary ecosystems in the world, Yellowstone National Park. Yellowstone is one of the world's foremost sites for the study and appreciation of the evolutionary history of the earth. The park has a globally unparalleled assemblage of surficial geothermal activity, thousands of hot springs, mudpots, fumaroles, and more than half of the world’s active geysers (NPS, 2013). Yellowstone is located on top of the Yellowstone Caldera, which is a volcanic hot spot where hot, molten rock from the earth’s mantle rises toward the surface. Volcanic activity from the Caldera produces geothermal activity on the park’s surface that has drawn more than 3 million visitors to the park since 2000 (NPS, 2015). Geysers, hot springs, and mudpots are extremely toxic due to high concentrations of sulfuric acid (sulfate concentrations measure up to 925 ppm near vents) and, temperatures measuring over 100oC. Many have recorded inhabitable pH levels ranging from 2 to 9.8 (Rowe/Founder/Morey, 1973). While these colorful and wondrous hot springs may appear stagnant and devoid of life to the common park visitor, they are actually a complex, intricate habitat teeming with a diverse array...
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...Yellowstone is a National Park full of beautiful wildlife, including a variety of animals and plants, geysers, hot springs, and a fascinating history. This essay tells about the most well known geyser. It also explains the history of how hot springs and geysers were formed. It tells about the 1988 wildfires that raged through the National Park. It will also tell the geographical features and the wildlife you may see traveling through the park. Yellowstone National Park is the oldest of all National Parks and was officially established in 1872. The government didn’t want this beautiful land sold off, so in 1871 it was made illegal to settle in or sell as private property. Then, with the government’s attention already, when many artists came...
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...of 25 years. Today many people are convinced that the elimination of the gray wolf was not only an error, but also a detriment to the quality of life in this country. There has been a public outcry to rectify the situation created by the ignorance of our ancestors. However, in seeking to address a situation created by the human compulsion to control nature, it is crucial to discern how much human interference is necessary. Human control must be tempered by respect and restraint. Programs designed for the protection and restoration of wildlife must reflect deference for the natural order rather than dominance over it. The consequences of human actions involving the elimination of the gray wolf have been especially acute in Yellowstone National Park, where the lack of a natural predator has resulted in the overpopulation of bison, deer, and elk. According to...
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...Abstract This report is to discuss about the reason why Yellowstone Cattle Bank (YCB) will be the prefer transaction. The first part will analyse which type of leverage buy out (LBO) YCB belong to, thus find out the ways to get success in this transaction theoretically. The second part of this report will elaborate and analyse the pros and cons by choosing YCB surround different steps of whole transaction. Define the type of deal in YCB transaction According to the information provided by the case and the definition of variety of Private Equity investments, in this case Yellowstone Cattle Bank is involved in both Platform roll–up and growth LBO. From the information that provided, YCB is operated in a fragmented and consolidated industry and the company have opportunities to reduce the operating cost at future, these two points illustrated that it is obvious YCB transaction is a platform roll–up type Private equity deal. However to investigate deeper of the company background the Private Equity firm can also rely on the operating income growth to achieve successful and However if the company need to achieve the growth continuously, Newport’s must have the assist from the CEO due to his industry familiarisation and the previous result that he got. It is barely impossible to find a new manager to have similar managing experience in this industry. When he was founding the company at the same time that amazon are just launch, it prove that his experience is un-doubtable. The...
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...period of 25 years. Today many people are convinced that the elimination of the gray wolf was not only an error, but also a detriment to the quality of life in this country. There has been a public outcry to rectify the situation created by the ignorance of our ancestors. However, in seeking to address a situation created by the human compulsion to control nature, it is crucial to discern how much human interference is necessary. Human control must be tempered by respect and restraint. Programs designed for the protection and restoration of wildlife must reflect deference for the natural order rather than dominance over it. The consequences of human actions involving the elimination of the gray wolf have been especially acute in Yellowstone National Park, where the lack of a natural predator has resulted in the overpopulation of bison, deer, and elk. According to Sharon Begley of Newsweek magazine, "Absent a natural predator, thousands of the ungulates have starved...
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...Name: ________________________________ Main Idea Directions: Read each passage and ask yourself, “What is the author doing in this paragraph?” Write your answer in the summary box and then think of an appropriate title for the passage based on the main idea of the passage. 1. A penny for your thoughts? If it’s a 1943 copper penny, it could be worth as much as fifty thousand dollars. In 1943, most pennies were made out of steel since copper was needed for World War II, so the 1943 copper penny is ultra-rare. Another rarity is the 1955 double die penny. These pennies were mistakenly double stamped, so they have overlapping dates and letters. If it’s uncirculated, it’d easily fetch $25,000 at an auction. Now that’s a pretty penny. Summarize this paragraph in one sentence. Be specific and clearly explain the main idea.| An appropriate title: _____________________________________________________________ 2. Before you put on that Angry Birds costume and exhaust yourself roving from door to door pandering for candy, take a minute to reflect on the tradition in which you are taking part. Halloween is believed to have come from an ancient Celtic festival dating back some 2,000 years. November 1st was the Celtic New Year and marked the end of summer to the Celts, so they celebrated on its eve by wearing costumes made of animal skins and dancing around bon fires. Over the next two millennia, this primitive celebration grew to be candy fueled costume ball that...
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...An ecosystem is a community of living organisms (plants, animals and microbes) in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment (things like air, water and mineral soil), interacting as a system.[2] These components are regarded as linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows.[3] As ecosystems are defined by the network of interactions among organisms, and between organisms and their environment,[4] they can come in any size but usually encompass specific, limited spaces[5] (although some scientists say that the entire planet is an ecosystem).[6] History and development Arthur Tansley, a British ecologist, was the first person to use the term "ecosystem" in a published work.[fn 1][10] Tansley devised the concept to draw attention to the importance of transfers of materials between organisms and their environment.[11] He later refined the term, describing it as "The whole system, ... including not only the organism-complex, but also the whole complex of physical factors forming what we call the environment".[12] Tansley regarded ecosystems not simply as natural units, but as mental isolates.[12] Tansley later[13] defined the spatial extent of ecosystems using the term ecotope. G. Evelyn Hutchinson, a pioneering limnologist who was a contemporary of Tansley's, combined Charles Elton's ideas about trophic ecology with those of Russian geochemist Vladimir Vernadsky to suggest that mineral nutrient availability in a lake limited algal production...
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...Running head: Wolves: Innocent victim or vicious killer? 1 Wolves Stephen Hawks Western Governors University Wolves: Innocent victim or vicious killer? 2 Wolves Introduction Wolves, the very name polarizes people from one end of the spectrum to the other. From the people that believe they should be shot on site, to the opposite end where environmentalist feels that people hunting wolves should be shot on site. How could you argue with the people most directly affected by the re-introduction of wolves into their area? When your livelihood is constantly threatened by the predators, it drives people to extremes. In our initial settling of this country we drove the other predators (mainly Native American and wolves) from their lands; forcing them to remote outskirts. We nearly killed the wolf off in our drive to seize this vast territory and everything in it. By doing that we threw off nature’s food chain, which caused a ripple effect among other animals and plants directly affected by the wolf. By re-introducing the wolf to its once natural territory, are we trying to right an injustice done by our ancestors long ago? Research has shown that wolves impact society through its reputation as killer of livestock, important link in the eco-system, and pawn in the ongoing debates between Government and Conservationist groups. There’s something spiritual about gazing into a wolf’s eyes. It touches your soul and it changes you. According to Lopez (1978) “It takes your...
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...springs such as ‘Octopus Spring’ in Yellowstone National Park. These environmental conditions are substantially harsh as these waters present numerous pressures. The cells of thermophiles however, have adapted to this harsh environment through different strategies including the use of thermozymes and developing a particular cell membrane, both crucial for the productivity of cells and thus, the life of thermophiles. This paper will discuss the environment and adaptation of the cells found in thermophilic bacteria. The Environment. Thermophiles live in extremely hot environments. An example being hydrothermal vents deep on the sea floor in both Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. These ‘smoker’ chimneys arise from the separation of Oceanic plates and the subsequent burst of lava that fills the gap creating a chimney like vent full of extremely hot water. The potential threat of thermophilic bacterial cells living close to and perhaps even on these hydrothermal vents arises from the 200 – 350°C water that gushes out into the water outside of the vent which is comparatively much cooler, lying around 2 - 4°C. The force at which this water immerses is extraordinary. The high pressure of this water mixes with the already high pressure of the deep sea floor. To a certain extent this is similar to hot springs which host a living community of many thermophilic bacteria such as thermus aquaticus, which lives and was found in the springs of Yellowstone...
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...7A volcano is a geological landform usually generated by the eruption through a vent in a planet's surface of magma, molten rock welling up from the planet's interior. Volcanoes of various types are found on other planets and their moons as well as on earth. Roughly defined, a volcano consists of a magma chamber, pipes and vents. The magma chamber is where magma from deep within the planet pools, while pipes are channels that lead to surface vents, openings in the volcano's surface through which lava is ejected during an eruption. Volcanoes are generally found where tectonic plates are diverging or converging. A mid-oceanic ridge, for example the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, has examples of volcanoes caused by divergent tectonic plates pulling apart; the Pacific Ring of Fire has examples of volcanoes caused by convergent tectonic plates coming together. By contrast, volcanoes are usually not created where two tectonic plates slide past one another. Volcanoes can also form where there is stretching and thinning of the Earth's crust (called "non-hotspot intraplate volcanism"), such as in the African Rift Valley, the Wells Gray-Clearwater volcanic field and the Rio Grande Rift in North America and the European Rhine Graben with its Eifel volcanoes. Volcanoes can be caused by mantle plumes. These so-called hotspots, for example at Hawaii, can occur far from plate boundaries. Hotspot volcanoes are also found elsewhere in the solar system, especially on rocky planets and moons. Cross-section...
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...Name(s): __________________ and _____________________________ Section (lab day) _________ Lab 2: Plate Tectonics & the Origin of Magma – AGI 9th ed. Read Lab 2 p31-56. The aim of the lab is: A. To investigate some aspects of the plate tectonic model. B. To interpret rates and directions of plate movement C. To analyze data and associated geological processes & features. The theory of plate tectonics is a powerful and far-reaching theory encompassing many aspects of geology. The theory explains such diverse phenomena as mountain building on continents, the evolution of ocean basins, magma chemistry, the long-term migration of plants and animals, climatic change and the movement of continents. Turn to Lab 2 in the lab manual and read the introduction to each Part, then answer the questions in the manual in the corresponding spaces provided below. Introduction: Earth’s Size, Continents & Ocean Basins 1.1.a Read p 31-32. What was Alfred Wegener’s observation that led him to propose the Continental Drift Hypothesis ___________________________________. (1) 1.1.b Why was this rejected?___________________________________________. (1) Why did anti-drift scientists oppose this and what was their evidence or bias? _____________________________________________________________. (1) 1.1.c What alternative hypothesis did Bernard Lindemann (1927) and Otto Hilgenberg (1933) propose? _______________________________________________....
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...Large carnivores are often apex predators and are important in ecosystems as their behaviour promotes biodiversity. They frequently fall victim to anthropogenic causes of local extinction and subsequently, have often been the subjects of conservation efforts involving reintroduction programs. As land-use changes restrict ranges and reduce prey for large carnivores, the trend towards local extinction is set to increase; therefore ex-situ conservation is likely to be increasingly prevalent. Reintroduction programmes are divided into two distinct parts. The first part is pre-release, which includes selection, breeding, and preparation of animals. The second part runs from the time the animals are ready for release through the actual release process and may include post-release monitoring and the release of further, supplementary, animals where this is necessary and feasible. This study identifies and discusses a number of potential problems involved in the use of captive animals to seed reintroductions including welfare as well as ethical and political issues. Other challenges include the genetic and behavioural integrity of founder animals and disease control, both in captivity and post release. This study also identifies a number of points for consideration during and after release, including the involvement and motivation of stakeholders. The potential ecological ramifications of reintroductions are discussed as is the role of zoos in future programmes. Recommendations are made...
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...Critical Thinking Scenario John Doe ETH/316 August 5, 2015 Critical Thinking Scenario Wyoming's Upper Green River Valley is a crucial link to Yellowstone ecosystem. Every year thousands of animals including Antelope, Elk, and Mule deer, pass through the valley on a long migration from the Grand Tetons to their winter grazing pastures. This valley is also home to the rare Sage-Grouse. The valley is also the home to the vital trout habitat of the headwaters of the Colorado River. People have compared the green valley river environment to the environment of the Serengeti, because of the spectacular variety of wildlife. Locals and environmentalist say it is starting to look like Saudi Arabia because of the natural gas drilling sites. So the question is to drill or not to drill this is what we will discuss in this essay. Scientist and other experts claim that there’s large pockets of natural gas in this geological region and is attracting many natural gas companies to drill and extract this natural gas. Nightline reported an article stating “Experts have estimated that there’s roughly 20 trillion cubic feet of gas here. That would supply the entire nation’s natural gas needs for about a year. The same geological formation that creates a natural corridor for wildlife also holds rich deposits of natural gas, miles beneath the surface. This country’s increasing demand for natural gas coupled with new technology is turning this area into a bonanza for the energy industry...
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