...The Effects of Zoonotic Diseases Case Study #13 April 17, 2011 Zoonosis refers to an infectious disease in animals that can be transmitted to people. An animal serves as the natural reservoir for such an infectious agent, ("MedTerms," 2001). Many zoonoses, which is simply the plural meaning of zoonosis, including viruses, bacteria, and parasites can be transmitted to humans by various routes. Some of these routes consist of animal bites, vectors (i.e., insects), and animal-to-human contact (i.e., inhalation of respiratory droplets or skin-to-skin contact), (Bauman 613-14) & ("Infectious Diseases," 2009). Most emerging infections that have occurred world wide are said to be a zoonotic disease. Many of these diseases are fatal or have the potential to be fatal if not treated quickly and properly identified. An example of a zoonosis case that has the potential to arise annually is listed below: Case Study#13 “You work in a small family practice in rural VA. A man in his early 50’s comes in with a complaint of intermittent fever (102-103°F) and headache for the past two weeks. The physician examines him and takes a history. The only clinical finding is a wound about the size of a quarter on his right thumb. Axillary lymph nodes are swollen and tender. The man says he cut himself while skinning a rabbit three days ago. On the basis of these observations the physician prescribes streptomycin and asks the man to call if his symptoms don’t...
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...The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of four zoonotic diseases in ticks from New Hampshire. Zoonotic diseases are pathogens that can be passed from animals to humans. DNA was extracted from ticks collected in New Hampshire and tested for Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia sp., Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, and Rickettsia sp. These diseases are found all over the US, according to the CDC in 2010, Anaplasma phagocytophilum was reported to have 1761 cases, Babesia sp was reported to have 1762 cases, while Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato had the most at 30,000 cases of Lyme disease reported each year, and Rickettsia sp had 6 cases per million. Anaplasma phagocytophilum is the bacterium that causes Anaplasmosis which can be fatal if not treated correctly, a few of the several possible symptoms are fever, headache, confusion, and abdominal pain,...
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...Introduction A zoonotic disease is a disease that can be passed between animals and humans which is caused by viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi. These zoonotic diseases are very common due to the high contact between humans and animals on a daily basis either at home or in the workplace. The scientific world has estimations that 6 out of every 10 infectious diseases in humans are spread from animals. Echinococcosis can also be called a hydatid disease, hydatidosis, or echinococcal disease and is a disease which involves Echninococcus tapeworm parasites with two main types which are cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar-echinococcosis (AE) (CDC, 2012). According to the World Health Organization (2014) up to 1 million people globally are affected at any one time. As shown in Figure 1 below, it is easy to transmit the disease between species. However, although humans can be infected which according to the WHO (2015) means they are accidental intermediate hosts but they cannot transmit the disease. [pic] Figure 1: The cycle of echinococcosis (Source: www.cieh.org ) The importance of the disease The importance of the disease is that it has been present and well known for many years but has been rather neglected by the health organizations. However according to the WHO (2014; Higuita et al 2015) echinococcosis was recently introduced in the list of neglected tropical diseases and is one of the six priority neglected zoonotic diseases which are rabies...
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...Introduction Zoonotic diseases are infectious diseases which can be transmitted from animals to man. Due to frequent contact and domestication of wildlife animals, zoonotic diseases are increasingly becoming more prevalent. Public parks and gardens are home to abundant populations of birds. One of the most frequent species known to thrive in such areas are feral pigeon (Columba livia). Although there are few reports of disease transmission between pigeons and humans, their close interaction with humans and ability to carry zoonotic pathogens make them a public health risk. In fact, these birds are present at very high densities (2,000 individuals per km2) and can cover a maximum distance of 5.29 km (Dickx et al., 2010). This may result in the increase risk of pathogen transmission among other birds and potentially to humans. Studies have shown that most infected pigeons do not show signs of clinical disease. These birds may therefore pose a public health risk to the human population. Pigeons, like many other bird species, can harbor diseases that can be zoonotic in nature. One of the pathogens most frequently carried by pigeons is Chlamydophila psittaci. C. psittaci is an obligate intracellular bacterium that causes a disease in birds known as Psittacosis or Avian Chlamydiosis. Psittacosis is highly contagious and often causes influenza-like symptoms, severe pneumonia and non-respiratory health problems. Birds can shed this bacterium in the environment when they are...
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...Prevalence of Zoonotic Diseases (T.B and Brucellosis) in Animals Domesticated in Pishin District Research Report submitted to & For the complete fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE (MS) In BIOTECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS By AEMAL TAREEN Supervisor Dr. DOST MUHAMMAD BALOCH Faculty of Biotechnology and Informatics, BUITEMS, Quetta Co-Supervisor PROFESSOR Dr. MUHAMMAD AZAM KHAN KAKAR Faculty of Biotechnology and Informatics, BUITEMS, Quetta PREVALENCE OF ZOONOTIC DISEASES (TUBERCULOSIS AND BRUCELLOSIS) IN ANIMALS DOMOISTICATED IN PISHIN DISTRICT (BALOCHISTAN) Abstract This report presents a combined epidemiological and economic framework for assessing zoonoses using a ‘‘one health’’ concept. The framework allows for an understanding of the cross-sector economic influence of zoonoses using improved risk analysis and listing a range of analytical tools. The goal of the framework is to link the check outputs of animal and human disease transmission models, economic influence models and assessment of risk management options to gain improved understanding of factors affecting the acceptance of risk management plans so that investment planning includes the most promising interventions (or sets of interventions in an integrated fashion). A more complete understanding of the costs of the disease and the costs and benefits of control measures would promote broader application of the most efficient and effective control...
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...ways to regulate the diseases, by researching the virus in laboratories, keeping humans and animals with MERS under surveillance, and educating the public on how to limit the spread of MERS. These methods have been beneficial in quickly detecting the primary animal source, tracing the genome of the strain from humans to camels. The integration of medical and veterinary expertise is necessary for progress and for the development of prevention, control, and response strategies. Since MERS is a zoonotic disease, the approach toward fighting MERS is crucial to both human and animal health. One such approach might include the collaboration of veterinarians, public health professionals, and human health professionals in treating and controlling the animal reservoir by looking for a MERS vaccine in camels. This can ultimately decrease the spread of the virus to humans, since a substrain of the virus is the same in both camels and humans. Veterinarians are pivotal in identifying diseases and preventing the spread of them to the human population. They can recognize and respond to the transmission of zoonotic diseases and investigate outbreaks to identify the risk factors. By identifying the risk factors, they can further investigate, research, and control the diseases. In zoonotic diseases, veterinarians are the first line of defense because of their comprehension of biological systems, experience with diagnosing, managing, and preventing diseases in animals, and knowledge...
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...Encephalomyelitis Put Your Name Here Veterinarian Assistant Program, Module 7 Put Your College Here Put Your Teacher Here Table of Contents Title Page…………………….…………………………..……………………………….…1 Table of Contents…………………………….……..…………………………..…………...2 Abstract………………………….………...…………………………………..………….…3 What is a good description of Western Equine Encephalitis?................................................4 What kind of disease is it and how does the disease work?...................................................4 When was Western Equine Encephalitis Discovered / History?............................................4 Which animals/species/age group are at risk for Western Equine Encephalitis?..................5 What diseases can WEE be confused or misdiagnosed for?.................................................5 What are the symptoms of Western Equine Encephalitis?....................................................5 Is Western Equine Encephalitis treatable and what is the treatment?...................................6 Is Western Equine Encephalitis zoonotic?............................................................................6 Why is Western Equine Encephalitis relevant to our local environment?............................6 Is Western Equine Encephalitis preventable and what are the preventions?........................7 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………....8 References / Bibliography…………………………………………………………………9 Appendix A……………………………………………………………………………….10 ...
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...tables, diaper pails, or toys) that contain stool from an infected person or animal. Drinking water or using ice made from water sources where Giardia may live (for example, untreated or improperly treated water from lakes, streams, or wells) Swallowing water while swimming or playing in water where Giardia may live, especially in lakes, rivers, springs, ponds, and streams Eating uncooked food that contains Giardia organisms Having contact with someone who is ill with giardiasis Traveling to countries where giardiasis is common Giardia cannot be passed by coming in contact with blood. Giardiasis is a global disease. It infects nearly 2% of adults and 6% to 8% of children in developed countries worldwide. Nearly 33% of people in developing countries have had giardiasis. In the United States, Giardia infection is the most common intestinal parasitic disease affecting humans [1]. Giardia infection can cause a variety of intestinal symptoms, which include: Diarrhea, Gas or flatulence, Greasy stool that can float, Stomach or abdominal cramps, Upset stomach or nausea and dehydration. Symptoms of giardiasis normally begin 1 to 3 weeks after becoming infected. In otherwise healthy people, symptoms of giardiasis may last 2 to 6 weeks. Occasionally, symptoms last longer. Medications can help decrease the amount of time symptoms...
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...Hygiene Guideline (/mmwr/PDF/rr/rr5116.pdf) . Patients and their loved ones can play a role in helping to prevent infections by practicing hand hygiene themselves as well as asking or reminding their healthcare providers to perform hand hygiene. Hand Hygiene Technique Posters How to Wash Your Hands Poster [PDF - 457 KB] (http://www.who.int/gpsc/5may/How_To_HandWash_Poster.pdf) (http://www.cdc.gov/Other/disclaimer.html) How to Rub Your Hands Poster [PDF - 426 KB] (http://www.who.int/gpsc/5may/How_To_HandRub_Poster.pdf) (http://www.cdc.gov/Other/disclaimer.html) Page last reviewed: May 1, 2014 Page last updated: May 1, 2014 Content source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID) Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (DHQP) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1600 Clifton Road Atlanta, GA 303294027, USA 800-CDC-INFO (800-232-4636) TTY: (888) 232-6348 - Contact CDC–INFO...
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...the Ebola virus emerges through a dark tale, with piles of dead gorillas in the forest, consumption of rotting bushmeat, sorcery and Rosicrucianism. The story is grim enough without the usually exaggerated descriptions of Ebola: sufferers crying blood and melting from the inside out. Quammen doesn't sensationalise his material (you could argue he doesn't need to – it's quite dreadful enough). He's much more interested in demystifying these outbreaks, finding out what we know about them and how this might help us to anticipate future emergent diseases and limit their impact. He promises to tell us the "complicated story", not the dramatic one. But this is such a consummate piece of science writing that you're likely to imbibe some extremely complex concepts without realising it. There's no "here's the science bit"; lessons in virology, epidemiology and genetics are woven seamlessly into the story. In each chapter a disease gradually comes into focus, starting with rumours, a few seemingly unconnected, mysterious deaths. The history of the investigation unfolds until we come face to face with the killer. In the process we learn the myriad ways in which a germ can move from one host to another – through excrement,...
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...Waterborne Desease Report Kan Ding 3027206 Giardiasis & Amebiasis Introduction Despite of the continuous advances in public health measures and biomedical science we have in this and the past century, the emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases remain a big threat to human beings.[1] Due to the change of global environment, ecology and socio-economic, these diseases occur with trend of increasing incidence and geographical expansion, along with other existing infectious diseases, performing among the leading cause of death worldwide.[2] Human activities may show great influence on the trend of the growing of these diseases, some studies suggest, including agriculture practices and the activities having impacts on climate change.[3]...
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...Disease Classification Structures Health care information systems cover a wide range of issues dealing with the supervision and use of biomedical information. Health information systems are central support tools in the administration of health care services. An acceptable health information system is important not only for evaluating the health needs of populations but also for preparation and for application of health interventions. It is equally imperative in the assessment of programs. The goal of information systems is to create an appropriate working environment. This is done by providing initial and going training, allocating resources, and by managing unintended consequences (Wager, Lee & Glaser, 2009). This summary will examine disease classification information structures necessary for reimbursement and epidemiological data collection. Discussions will describe disease classification, analyze reasons why it was selected, and explain how it is applicable to work, review the benefits of the systems and also discuss the negative draw backs of the system. To begin discussions will focus on defining disease classification structures. Disease Classification Structures Disease classification structures are essential to health care. The International Classification of Disease Ninth Revision (ICD-9) is a classification system developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) to categorize diseases. ICD-9 collects data on disease and in the United States the ICD-9...
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...Personalized Medicine SCI 115 Abstract Personalized medicine is a healthcare field that deals with the different and unique genomic, genetic, clinical, and environmental information of each person. Personalized medicine is based on making treatment or prevention of disease focus on the individual and the factors that do or will affect that particular individual. Some of the advantages of personalized medicine are the ability to make more informed medical decisions, earlier disease intervention, and reduced probability of negative side effects. Although there is a large upside to personalized medicine and the medical advantages that come along with it implementation, there lyes the challenge. The implementation of personalized medicine is the largest limitation. Whether it is lack of push from the healthcare industry or lack of proven technology to properly diagnose individual patients, personalized medicine is very young and has a long way to go. Personalized medicine or medical treatment that is unique to the individual definitely has it advantages. Some of those advantages are the ability to make more informed medical decisions, earlier disease intervention. Laberge and Burke (2008) describe personalized medicine as health care that is tailored to the individual. They go on to say that (Laberge and Burke 2008) recently the term has been used to refer specifically to genetically-based health care. Some of the drawbacks to personalized medicine according to Laberge...
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...Cystic Fibrosis Latisha Long HCS/245 March 26, 2012 Cathy Coyle Cystic Fibrosis In today’s society there are many diseases out there. It is to contract these diseases by coming in contact with a carrier. People who are into sharing dirty needles, having unprotected sex, or not being able to maintain a healthy and clean environment, can become infected with these transferable diseases. There are some diseases out there that you can inherit; one in particular that stands out is Cystic Fibrosis (CF). CF is a life threating disease; there are 1,000 new cases each year. With the new treatments and studies, people are living longer with CF. Before people with CF were only living into the early years of their childhood, and now they are living well past their 30s. CF is an inherited disease that affects the lungs and digestive system. A defective gene and its protein cause the body to produce an abundance of thick sticky mucus in the lungs. The production of this mucus causes the lungs to clog and can lead to life threating infections. CF can also cause the pancreas to obstruct and stop enzymes, which allows the body to absorb and breakdown food. This can cause slow growth and malnutrition in the body, and the sticky mucus can block the airway which makes it difficult to breath causing this disease to be life threatening. People with CF have shorter life expectancy, because of the way CF controls the body. The treatment for CF is improving every day...
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...“Green energy, our planet needs you” The Earth is our home, but it has been contaminated. Scientifics are concern with our planet which is dying everyday. It is our responsibility to take care the planet. The temperature has increased since the middle of the 20th century as a result of increasing concentrations of greenhouse due to human activity. As a consequence of the global warming many ecosystem are affected, has created climate variation, and many health diseases in the population. First of all, global warming has affected many ecosystems .The marine ecosystem is dying, many fishes and mammals that live in the ocean is disappearing due to the high temperature. The arctic is defrosting and the bear polar can not found what to eat. For polar bears to stay alive, they need sea ice. Not to eat the ice itself, of course, but because the animal that represents their main victim item, the ringed close, requires sea ice as its primary habitat for resting. Another ecosystem that is affected is the coral reefs. The coral reefs, which are the filter of the sea, are bleaching. The bunch of bleaching incident that followed kill a fifth of coral communities worldwide. And while many have recovered the global loss is attributed to the mass bleaching stand. At the instant the reefs seem to be recuperating fine, but it's only an issue of time prior to another mass of bleaching. The temperature has demonstrated high level of records since 1980.The increase...
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