There are two types of open standards. The first is called the formal standard where it is defined by the standard-setting organization. Under the regulations of the organizations they are documented and recognized. The second example of an open standard is the informal standard. It is termed a de facto standard that eventually evolves into a formal standard. Some advantages include the ability by the device managers or the software developers to consistently understand the standards set.
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Lab 3.1 Review 1. Because there is no transport or application layers, and the different layers communicate upward and downward in order to operate properly. 2. The idea behind the creation of networking standards is to define widely-accepted ways of setting up networks and connecting them together. The OSI Reference Model represented an early attempt to get all of the various hardware and software manufacturers to agree on a framework for developing various networking technologies. 3
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2 2 1 1 3 3 9 9 104 103 102 101 1000 100 10 1 1 1 30 30 2000 2000 900 900 2931 2931 + + + 22 21 20 4 2 1 1 1 0 6 6 4 + 2 + 0 21 20 2
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Exercise 1.1.1 “2931” 2000 + 900 + 30 + 1 = 2931 Exercise 1.1.2 “110^2 2^2 2^1 2^0 4 2 1 X X X 1 1 0 4 + 2 + 0 + 6 Exercise 1.1.3 “11^2” 2^1 2^0 2 1 X X 1 1 2 + 1 = 3 Exercise 1.1.4 “10010^2” 2^4 2^3 2^2 2^1 2^0 16 8 4 2 1 X X X X X 1 0 0 1 0
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A hub is typically the least expensive, least intelligent, and least complicated of the three. Its job is very simple anything that comes in one port is sent out to the others. That’s it. If a message comes in for computer “A”, that message is sent out all the other ports, regardless of which one computer “A” is on. And when computer “A” responds, its response also goes out to every other port on the hub. Every computer connected to the hub sees everything that every other computer on the hub sees
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Course Objectives and Learning Outcomes: * Identify the major needs and major stakeholders for computer networks and network applications: The major needs and major stakeholder4s of computer networks applications is that both need to have physical storage devices and must be able to organize the files on the computer. Understanding how these systems work is vital in itself without these functions a device cannot do its job and the user would not be able to save a file much less look for one when
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NT1210 Lab 5.4 Basic Network Troubleshooting Exercise 5.4.1 If you needed to determine the computer name used for node E on the network (starting from node A), what command would you use to get this information? Give the command sequence you would enter at the command line to retrieve this information. I already have the IP Addresses for all the workstations a simple Ping command in CMD will work. Windows+R will bring up run command type CMD or go to start menu then accessories CMD. From CMD
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Joseph V. Stewart NT1210 Unit 2 Assignment 2 Computer Basics Review 1. C. Datacom 2. B. Bob’s incoming email server 3. B. The call uses only digital electrical signals, D. The call represents short sounds as a unique set of bits 4. C. The call uses both analog and digital electrical signals, E. The call represents each spoken word as a unique set of bits. 5. D. A choice for the number of frames per second 6. B. Use an incoming video server 7. D. None of the answers
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NT1210 Lab 4.2: Fiber-optic Cables Exercise 4.2.1 The light in an SMF cable travels down the center of the fiber parallel to the direction of the fiber in a single path. Can this type of cable be used to transmit and receive bits simultaneously, or does it require one fiber for transmitting and one for receiving? Justify your answer using your textbook and Internet research. No it cannot transmit and simultaneously receive bits with a single cable. A second cable would be needed for sending
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NT1210 Lab 3.3: the TCP/IP Model Exercise 3.3.1 Using your textbook and Internet research, create a mapping between the TCP/IP model and the OSI reference model. What are the distinct differences between them? Applications, Transport, Network, Network Interface this the TCP/IP model. A huge difference is that TCP/IP model uses 4 major layers instead of 7 layers to OSI model. OSI Model is Applications, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data Link and Physical composed to 7 layers.
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