fractures in rocks and the rock formation which is done by injecting a mixture of sand and water into the cracks which allows forcing underground to open further. The larger fissures allow more oil and gas to flow out of the formation and into the well bore from where it can be extracted. The first use of hydraulic fracturing was in 1947 but there was one more modern technique called horizontal slick water flacking which makes the extraction of shale gas economical and was first used in 1998. This
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Introduction Water is a vital substance, as it is very essential for natural life (Lewandowska et al., 2000). An undesirable change in the physical, chemical or biological characteristics of water that will harmfully affect human life are known as water pollution (Singer, S. 1970; Akman et al., 2000; Sathyanarayanan, 2007). The aquatic ecosystem are directly or indirectly affected by pollution (Kosygin et al., 2007). Water body must be safe and free of risk factors. Risk factors related to water pollution
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1973 The burning of coal and wood, and the presence of many horses in concentrated areas made the cities the cesspools of pollution. The Industrial Revolution brought an infusion of untreated chemicals and wastes into local streams that served as the water supply. King Edward I of England banned the burning of sea-coal by proclamation in London in 1272, after its smoke became a problem.[4][5] But the fuel was so common in England that this earliest of names for it was acquired because it could be carted
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INTRODUCTION 1.2 HISTORICAL REVIEW CHAPTER TWO 2.1 CONCEPT OF FOOD SPOILAGE 2.2 SPOILAGE MICRORGANISMS CHAPTER THREE 3.1 SPOILAGE MICRORGANISM IN FRESH WHOLE FRUITS 3.2 UNUSUAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SPOILAGE MICRORGANISMS 3.3 SOURCES OF MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION OF CITRUS FRUITS CHAPTER FOUR 4.1 MICROBIAL SPOILAGE OF FRESH CUT FRUITS 4.2 MICROBIOLOGICAL SPOILAGE DEFECTS OF FRESH-CUT CITRUSFRUITS 4.3 IMPACT OF MICROBIOLOGICAL SPOILAGE 4.4 INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC FACTORS OF SPOILAGE MICRORGANISM
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produce carcinogen effluents that can affect the environment and the people’s health in certain ways. The company is locating near to a lake and a small town, therefore the environmental regulations are very strictly in order to prevent any type of contamination that could affect the wildlife and the people surrounding the company. It is necessary to implement an operational system that will control and minimize the impact of the company’s waste toward the environment. The purpose of this paper is to recognize
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Study Water is one of the basic physiologic needs of every human being. It’s usage for personal consumption such as hydration, hygiene and daily activities are the main needs that compel humans to seek water, hence the sources of these necessities are important to analyze as to their safety and sanitation. It is significant to consider its correlation to any possible widespread of water borne diarrheal diseases considering the practice and knowledge of people in the community who consume water source
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Sub-sections 6.4 and 6.5. 3. 3.1 ESSENTIAL COMPOSITION AND QUALITY FACTORS Essential Ingredients 3.2 Uncured ham; Brine consisting of water and food-grade salt and sodium or potassium nitrite. Optional Ingredients Sucrose, invert sugar, dextrose (glucose), lactose, maltose, glucose syrup (including corn syrup), honey; Spices, seasonings and condiments; Water soluble, aromatic hydrolyzed protein; Food grade gelatine. 3.3 Essential Quality Factors 3.3.1 Raw material - The ingredients from which
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deforestation, contamination of soil by dumping of waste even in households contribute to pollution. Smoking also causes air pollution, contaminating water sources , paving house frontage with tiles etc are the common errors which happen in the household. Frying chicken at the stove, spraying ants with insecticide, taking a hot shower, plugging in a room freshener, or sudsing the rug with detergent also causes pollution. Many common items found around our homes can reduce our air quality. While some
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any contamination of the atmosphere that disturbs the natural composition and chemistry of the air. This can be in the form of particulate matter such as dust or excessive gases like carbon dioxide or other vapours that cannot be effectively removed through natural cycles, such as the carbon cycle or the nitrogen cycle. Next is water pollution. Water pollution involves any contaminated water, whether from chemical, particulate, or bacterial matter that degrades the water's quality and purity
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Water Quality Management Water Pollutants and their Sources Water pollutants are categorized as: Point Source – pollutants that enter watercourses through pipes or channels. These can be discharges from sewage treatment plant or factories. Nonpoint Source – pollutants that originate from multiple sources. Several points of contamination over a large area contribute to the pollution of a water body. E.g agricultural runoff and construction sites. Types of Pollutants:
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