...Dream during the 1920’s was truly wonderful to Americans, and to some, was only a dream. This “dream” had just about everything someone needed to live an exciting and happy life. Money would not always be a problem. However, there was one thing missing from their lives that caused uproar. That would be the absence of alcohol in the daily lives of Americans. Prohibition, or the Eighteenth Amendment in the Constitution, made the production and consumption of alcohol illegal. Those who added this Amendment believed that alcohol was entirely bad thing. All it did was create problems, and to get rid of the source of it (being alcohol) would solve and prevent them. Sadly, that did not happen. Widespread law breaking and violence were two of the handful of issues created by this deprivation of alcohol. It was a law that had good intention, but ceased to be successful due to Americans’ strong desire for “some” unnecessary drinks. Prohibition was hoped to be beneficial to all of the Americans. It was the idea of saving America from sadness and sin that ended up with the creation of the Eighteenth Amendment. Looking at it from this point of view can make many people nod their head in agreement when said that Prohibition was a beneficial and overall positive thing. If it was thought to aid America and save it from any kind of harm, then people would never think of it as a hindrance to their enjoyment of life. However, the result seemed to be quick. Consumption of alcohol was not anything...
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...The main character, Abraham Lincoln is determined to to pass the Thirteenth before the end of the month, when he expects the Civil War to end and the Union readmitted to the states. But, in order to get enough votes, a required support of Radical Republicans and Democratic congressmen for the amendment to actually pass. Lincoln, then starts to rely on the founder of the Republican Party, Francis Preston Blair, the founder of the Republican Party. He hopes that his influence will have most if all members of the western and border state to support the amendment. In return of Blairs help, Lincoln is to allow Blair to have the Confederate Government engaged in peace negotiations, with Lincoln reluctantly agreeing....
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...sections, although the Principal Act contains only 399 sections. The need for a consolidating Act is greater than ever as nine amending Acts of the Oireachtas and numerous statutory instruments have substantially changed the Principal Act. According to the Company Law Review Group’s (CLRG) report consolidation of the Companies Acts will be the third major consolidation in recent years of bodies of law impacting substantially on commercial activity. The advantages of consolidating significant bodies of legislation are set out clearly in the introduction to the Government proposals for the Taxes Consolidation Bill 1997. Some of these advantages are that all direct (tax) legislation will be available in a single up-to-date Act, in a coherent, orderly and more simplified format. As part of the process, a significant amount of unnecessary and obsolete material will be eliminated and there will be considerable simplification in content. All future amendments will be capable of being slotted into the Consolidation Act by amendment and our legislation will become more coherent to foreign investors and their advisers. The task of future simplification will be facilitated. These same objectives outlined in the Governments proposals for the Taxes Consolidation 1997 also applies to the Companies Acts, mutatis mutandis (by changing those things that need to be changed) and therefore a Consolidation Bill is necessary for Company...
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...Justice for Minorities and Women From the End of the Civil War Through the 1970s History 1312 The University of Texas at Arlington December 16, 2011 Improving Social Justice for Minorities and Women From the End of the Civil War Through the 1970s I. At the end of the Civil War in 1865, most African American slaves held a renewed hope that with President Abraham Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 would come economic opportunity and social mobility. There was the expectation that they would have political representation and the assurance of at least the beginning of attaining equality1. After the end of the war in 1865, there were enough states to ratify the 13th Amendment which outlawed slavery. However, it did not provide any equal rights or citizenship. As time passed and minorities began to assert themselves into American society, social justice movements that were led by blacks and whites alike began to become more commonplace. However, the struggle to become fully recognized as equal members of American society has been a battle that was fought through the 1970s—and in some measure, continues today. Like minorities, women have struggled with inequality and social injustice. However, their decision to fight for equality began before the start of the Civil War. The Seneca Falls Convention in New York was held in July of 1848, and can be referred to as the starting point of feminism. The inspiration...
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...The Brown vs. Board case is a combination of several different cases from Kansas, South Carolina, Virginia, and Delaware. Where several black children were seeking admission to public schools that were segregated based on race. Though many cases came before this one it got the most publicity. The case name, The Brown v The Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, came from one of the 13 NAACP lawyers named Oliver Brown. His reason for naming it after himself was a legal strategy to have a man at the head of the roster. The case was first argued on December 9, 1952, and then re argued on December 8, 1953 before being decided upon on May 17, 1954. The world’s reaction to the case was unbalanced. On one hand they felt as if Warren had took what the...
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...employees low wages and made them work 12 hour days. Railroads allowed big companies to get their product all over the country. City life in the late 1800s and early 1900s was over crowded with no running water and filthy, but you lived closer to your job and there was tons of entertainment. Immigrants during the industrialization were pulled to the U.S. for a better life, opportunities for land, tales of riches, acceptance, and work. They were pushed out of their country because of overpopulation, no food, no work, and religious persecution. The progressive era. During the progressive era the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments were passed. The 13th amendment ended slavery, the 14th gave african americans citizenship, and the 15th gave them the right to vote. The 18th amendment banned any purchase, selling and transporting of alcohol. The 19th amendment gave women the right to vote. The meat inspection act was federal inspections of factories and...
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...* Lecture Notes CJ 110 Weeks 13 & 14 4/22 - 5/3 Video: The New Asylums * Arraignment * The first step in the criminal proceeding * Defendant appears before the judge to be advised of the charges and enter a plea * Bail * The amount of money or conditions set by the court to ensure that the defendant will appear for further criminal proceedings * Look at many factors: * Uncertainty, risk, overcrowding, ties to the community * Release on Recognizance (ROR) * Cash * Bail Bond * Personal property * Plea Bargaining * Defense and Prosecution form an agreement for some form of leniency (Ex. plead guilty for lesser charge, fewer charges, reduced sentence, etc.) * More than 90% of all cases * Advantages: * Avoid an expensive trial * Case is handled quickly * Less work for attorneys * Witnesses/jury not forced to appear for trial * Disadvantages? * Defendant is entitled to jury by peers and to face his/her accuser * May plead guilty out of fear (when innocent) * Overcharging by prosecutors as incentive * Not potentially getting full range of punishment/sentence for the crime * Pretrial Detention in Jail * Offenders are detained if considered a flight risk in order to assure appearance in court * Detained if considered dangerous * Preventive...
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...over the decision to repeal the Eighteenth Amendment, other factors played a part – most importantly the simple fact that prohibition didn’t work. In the early 1920s and throughout the 1930s America suffered through a period of economic decline, and because of this, the government in particular, was in need of funds to fuel its weakening economy. Taxation on alcohol would contribute towards the resources for relief, and prevent higher taxes in other areas of business which would only compound the situation. Each year the government was missing out on a sum of around $500 million which would be brought in by a tax on alcohol, and would significantly help America during the crisis. As well as this, an end to prohibition would eliminate the costs required to enforce it – an extra expenditure the government could not afford at this time. Economically, an end to prohibition would help strengthen the unstable situation in America: ending unproductive government spending as well as bringing new money into the system. Repeal of the Eighteenth Amendment would also meet social demands brought about by the crisis. Those facing hard times wanted to drink, and wanted an end to the law to allow them to do so more easily; thus the Great Depression added to the support for social groups already campaigning for its repeal. Both the economic and social effects of the Depression make it an important reason for the repeal of the Eighteenth Amendment, a concept supported by historian Joseph...
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...popped into existence in the last decade are some of the largest purveyors of information about individuals. Facebook is the largest social network service provider in the U.S. Research shows the following facets of Facebook; there are more than 350 million active users; more than 35 million users update their statuses at least once a day; more than 2.5 billion photos are uploaded to the site monthly; they are the sixth most frequented social media site in the U.S. (Halbert, pg.103). They collect, assimilate, and distribute large quantities of information to nearly anyone who will pay. They also allow much of the information to be accessed without the person whose privacy was breeched being formally known to them (www.facebook, viewed 5/1/13). The Law and Ethics in the Business Environment 7th...
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... Prothero (lectures for 8/23, 8/30, 9/6) • How is religion defined? How is Christianity defined? What are some dis/advantages with each of the definitions? • What is religious literacy (and what are its different forms – pp.14-19)? Why is religious literacy significant (chs. 1-2)? • What does Prothero mean by religious illiteracy? How does this manifest itself (give examples – either from the text or from the lecture notes)? • What does Prothero identify as reasons behind the current religious illiteracy? • What does Prothero offer as a solution for the religious illiteracy problem? How practical is his solution? (ch.5) • Concepts: creationism (pp.213-4). Popper, Lakatos, Hansson (lecture for 9/13) • What is the demarcation problem? • How does Popper answer the demarcation question? What does he mean by falsifiability? What problems are there with his answer? • How does Lakatos answer the demarcation question? What problems are there with his answer? What are the elements of a research programme? Why is this term significant for Lakatos? What is the difference between a progressive and a degenerating research programme? Give examples of each. • What is Hansson proposed answer to the demarcation problem? How is it different from Popper’s and Lakatos’ proposals? Carrier (lectures for 9/13, 9/20) • How does Carrier define scientific literacy? How does this differ from the definition given by Hazen & Trefil...
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...History October 17, 2013 Reconstruction and Race Relations The Civil War consisted of several events during the Reconstruction period. Many complications occurred between white Americans and black people as the struggle for equality began. Prior to the end of the Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln drafted the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863. The Wade-Davis Bill was proposed by Congress to counter Lincoln’s 10 percent rule for support. The Wade-Davis Bill suggested that 51 percent of voters pledge support to the United States before being accepted back into the Union. Lincoln pocket-vetoed this bill in order to prevent it from becoming law (Reconstruction Following the Civil War, 1999). The ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment in 1865 abolished slavery in the South (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2013). The Freedmen’s Bureau was established in 1865 by congress during the Reconstruction period and was designed to manage new schools, provide food and healthcare to the new freed African Americans. Led by Major General Oliver O. Howard, The Bureau’s most notable achievement was the establishment of education by building more than 1,000 black schools and expending over $400,000 on establishing teacher-training institutions. The greatest failure was the disbursement of abandoned lands to the freed slaves. The south was determined to make the transition to freedom very difficult for the free black men and women. To the distain of Congress, President Andrew Johnson gave...
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...Reasons for a “Claims Made” trigger On Page 4 of the Issue paper, you state “Given that PI claims can often be made a long period after the event or circumstance giving rise to the claim, insurers have not traditionally covered such risks under “occurrence” policies. This is because insurers find it difficult to account for their liabilities when they are not notified of the incident that may lead to a potential claim several years later….”. With all due respect, I would argue that the main reason for PI policies being on “Claims Made” trigger lies elsewhere. Liability claims can also often be made a long period after the event giving rise to the claim but most Liability policies are not written on “Claims Made” triggers. There are specific reasons why certain risks (including P.I. /D&O) are written on a Claims Made trigger. The main reason PI/D&O is on claims made is because, with most of the exposures covered by these policies, it is difficult to “pin down” the exact point in time when the loss (Injury/Damage/Financial loss) occurred. For example, a professional could give advice in 2003 and the client acts on that advice in 2004 and suffers a pecuniary loss in 2005. Furthermore, the loss could keep going up and down over a period of time. In such a case, when did the “loss occur”. It would be difficult to pin down the exact point in time when the loss occurred, if not impossible. Therefore, a “Claims Made” trigger is preferred rather than leaving it for the Courts to determine...
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...Journal of Accounting and Economics 55 (2013) 66–90 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Journal of Accounting and Economics journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jae Towards an understanding of the role of standard setters in standard setting$ Abigail Allen, Karthik Ramanna n Harvard Business School, USA a r t i c l e in f o abstract Article history: Received 15 September 2010 Received in revised form 24 May 2012 Accepted 25 May 2012 Available online 7 June 2012 We investigate the effect of standard setters in standard setting. We examine how certain professional and political characteristics of FASB members and SEC commissioners predict the accounting ‘‘reliability’’ and ‘‘relevance’’ of proposed standards. Notably, we find FASB members with backgrounds in financial services are more likely to propose standards that decrease ‘‘reliability’’ and increase ‘‘relevance,’’ partly due to their tendency to propose fair-value methods. We find opposite results for FASB members affiliated with the Democratic Party, although only when excluding financialservices background as an independent variable. Jackknife procedures show that results are robust to omitting any individual standard setter. & 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. JEL classification: D72 D78 G18 K22 L51 M41 Keywords: Accounting FASB Politics Relevance Reliability Standard setting 1. Introduction As the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) closes...
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...Origins of American Criminal Law Angel Vance Scott Levasseur LEG 320 10/27/13 This weeks assignment is about the Origins of American Criminal Law. In my paper I am going to talk about the fourteenth amendment to the US Constitution. The Fourteenth amendment talks about the rights guaranteed privileges and immunities of citizenship, due process, and equal protection. In section one of this amendment it states: “All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.” In section two it states: “Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the Executive and Judicial officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty- one years of age...
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...Friday, November 13, 2009 Part III Environmental Protection Agency 40 CFR Part 112 Oil Pollution Prevention; Spill Prevention, Control, and Countermeasure (SPCC) Rule—Amendments; Final Rule wreier-aviles on DSKGBLS3C1PROD with RULES3 VerDate Nov2008 14:49 Nov 12, 2009 Jkt 220001 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4717 Sfmt 4717 E:\FR\FM\13NOR3.SGM 13NOR3 58784 Federal Register / Vol. 74, No. 218 / Friday, November 13, 2009 / Rules and Regulations copy. Publicly available docket materials are available either electronically at http:// www.regulations.gov or in hard copy at the EPA Docket, EPA/DC, EPA West, Room 3334, 1301 Constitution Ave., NW., Washington, DC. The Public Reading Room is open from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday through Friday, excluding legal holidays. The telephone number of the Public Reading Room is 202–566–1744, and the telephone number to make an appointment to view the docket is 202–566–0276. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For general information, contact the Superfund, TRI, EPCRA, RMP, and Oil Information Center at 800–424–9346 or TDD at 800–553–7672 (hearing impaired). In the Washington, DC metropolitan area, contact the Superfund, TRI, EPCRA, RMP, and Oil Information Center at 703–412–9810 or TDD 703–412–3323. For more detailed information on specific aspects of this final rule, contact either Vanessa E. Principe at 202–564–7913 (principe.vanessa@epa.gov), or Mark W. Howard at 202–564–1964 (howard.markw@epa.gov), U.S...
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