...LESSON 13 - Changes on the Western Frontier Objectives: Identify the various factors that fueled America's Western Expansion Identify key technologies that aided America's Western Expansion Identify what economic and political actions strengthened Western Expansion Identify how the Western Expansion impacted the rest of the United States The Growing Conflict of Frontier Americans and the Native Americans The Native Americans who lived on the Great Plains depended on vast herds of buffaloes and horses. The buffalo herds provided the Native Americans with food, clothing, and buffalo hides were made into shelter. Horses were used to corral and hunt buffalos, as mounts during wartime and service animals when the clans moved across the Great Plains. The Native Americans lived in family groups called clans, which were ruled by a council of its eldest members. As the Civil War ended, many Americans began looking towards...
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...(Compare/contrast) The beginnings of the American colonies started in the 17th century with settlers from different European countries such as Spain, France, England, Holland and Sweden. The colony Jamestown, was the first to establish in the Eastern Coast in the year 1607, in what is today known as Virginia and a little more than a decade later in the year 1620 the pilgrims settled at Plymouth in what is today known as Massachusetts. England gained control of the 13 colonies after winning the war against France. These 13 colonies were Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia. The first settlers of the American colonies came for different motives, all looking to fulfill different aspects of their lives, some looking for freedom of creed, others to improve their financial situation and some others for adventure. Historians distinguished the different colonies defined by their own unique characteristics based on where the settlers came from, who found them and what they did for living. The 13 colonies were grouped in three different categories; the New England colonies, the Middle and the Southern Colonies. The New England Colonies were mostly characterized because their settlers or founders did not come as single man or woman as was the structured in other competing colonies at the time but rather as a family unit, these settlers were mostly puritans who practice...
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...In Howard Zinn’s Drawing The Color Line he brings up not only the reason behind slavery but why it was implanted in the first place. He proposed that slavery will be incorporated if it “is practical and profitable”(Zinn 3). Another thing that he brought up was the time before slavery was really implanted into the Americas. In this reflective essay we will be looking at these two aspects of Howard Zinn’s Drawing The Color Line and how they repeat to the driving question, What are the historic patterns within the relationship between the majority US culture and minority cultures, and how have these patterns shaped the development of our nation? Before slavery was implemented in America the settlers were not doing too well in the harsh climate....
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...These measures seemed very fair to British politicians, who had spent large sums of money to defend their American colonies during and after the French and Aboriginal War. Surely his reasoning was that the settlers were to bear some of these expenses. But the colonists feared that the new taxes would hinder trade, and that the British troops stationed in the colonies could be used to crush the civil liberties that the settlers had enjoyed until then. In general, these fears were unfounded, but they were the forerunners of what have become traditions deeply rooted in American politics. Citizens distrust "powerful government"; After all, millions of immigrants came to the United States to escape political repression. In 1765, representatives of nine colonies met as "Congress on the Stamp Act" and protested against the new tax. Merchants refused to sell British goods, stamp distributors were threatened by the angry crowd and most settlers simply refused to buy the stamps. The British parliament was forced to revoke the Stamp Act, but enforced the Housing Act, enacted taxes on tea and other goods, and sent customs officials to Boston...
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...and North America In the beginning there were various settlers who colonized the area that would become known as United States of America. First there was the Asian nomads, who would become known as the American Indians. Europeans would be the next to colonize America, but this would be a few thousand years later, First there was the Spanish, followed by the French, and last but not least the British.(Muntone, 2011, p. 3) It was 1607 that the British founded the original colony in Jamestown, Virginia . It was the British intention from the beginning to colonize the Americas for the expansion of the British Empire. This new settlement in Jamestown would allow for the people of Jamestown to send back natural resources to England for the benefit of the mother country. These new colonies that began across North America were all British subjects or under control of the British. The Definition of Colonialism basically means when a country rules over a territory outside their own with citizens of the original Country. Another example would be when you create an empire by expanding into a region by dominance, both examples refer directly to the British in and how they treated the Native Americans.("Difference Between," 2011, p. 1) As the new settlers came to the new world there wasn’t much thought given to the Natives that currently lived there. Native Americans A good example of English relationships with the Native Americans would be Jamestown. After the settlement of Jamestown...
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...In the early 1970’s, activists representing the newly established American Indian Movement occupied public landmarks throughout the United States with the hopes of protecting indigenous sovereignty by addressing the multitude of treaty responsibilities which the United States government had failed to uphold (Szekely 2/13/17). This ongoing fight is a result of the complexity of indigenous “nested sovereignty” within a colonized state. Today, the effects of this conflict manifest in the Iroquois territory, which spans from upstate New York to the surrounding Lake Ontario region in Canada. The dynamic between colonial states and the Haudenosaunee is embodied in two standpoints; while the settler state administration focuses on addressing the “problem”...
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...Natives and their Role in the American Frontier As Americans, we do not usually question how we came to this land or why we are able to live here as we do. We believe that the American frontier is this grand historical past of our growth as a nation. However, the country we know today as the United States of America was originally inhabited by natives such as the Native Americans, or Indians as they are commonly known as, and Mexicans who were robbed of their homeland in order for the white man to take over control. As citizens of this country, it is important to know how the natives were treated and portrayed in literature in order to become educated about our country and the people that inhabited this land before us. Being ignorant about a particular culture leads to misguided feelings and judgments that are not normally acceptable. By looking at examples from John Smith’s The Chesapeake Indians, Mary Rowlandson’s A True History of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson, and Frederick Jackson Turner’s The Significance of the Frontier in American History, we will see that natives were portrayed negatively in popular literature and why it is important to understand how they are represented is justified by the colonial expansion of the American frontier. In early literature written by English settlers, Native Americans were portrayed with very negative connotations. The writers often used words such as: brutal, dark, uncivilized, and savage to depict the native...
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...attempt at colonizing along the James River in Virginia, almost ended in disaster if it had not have been for the strong leadership of Captain John Smith. His motivation to survive, solid relationships with Native American tribes, and sturdy leadership skills were fundamental in the success of Jamestown, North America’s first permanent colony. A New Settlement It was the year 1606 when the London Company executed a plan for a new colony. Despite the previous failure of the Roanoke Colony, the group...
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...Bilal Daoudi Professor: Mr. David Carter Class: ENG111 123A FA13 Date: 09/11/13 The Cherokee Tribes During a recent trip to Lake Lure in western North Carolina, I was taking a boat ride with my fiancée and her family and we were sharing many stories. When her mother, Martha, tried to show us the Great Smoky Mountains on the west side, she mentioned the Cherokee tribes where her ancestors used to live as the Native Americans who inhabited North America before the settlers came from Europe. After we finished that wonderful ride, I scheduled another meeting weeks later to talk more with Layla, my fiancée, about her origins and the Cherokee. Layla Sawyer said, “There are three federally recognized tribes today: the Eastern Band of Cherokees, the Cherokee Nation and the United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians. I trace part of my ancestry back to the Eastern Band of Cherokees, although I’m not a member.” The Eastern Band of Cherokees are scattered throughout North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, Georgia, Tennessee and Alabama. However, her family has roots in Cherokee NC. The Cherokee Nation and UKB are located in Oklahoma and Arkansas. They were originally part of the same larger body of Cherokees who were settled in the mountains of southeastern North America but in 1838 the federal government forced the Cherokees to leave their lands in Southeastern US and relocate to Oklahoma. This was known as the ‘Trail of Tears’ in which thousands of Cherokees were forced...
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...Native American Relocation Native American culture and its role in American history have always been a fascinating subject. There have been reading assignments on Native American’s removal and resistance, Black Hawk and his rebellion, and Emerson’s letter to President Van Buren. These pieces gave us a brief overview of America’s goals at the time, the action they took to achieve these goals, the Native Americans’ reaction, and the opinions held by the American people. These readings only scratched the surface of Native Americans and the role they have played in American History. The main cause of the interaction between Americans and the Native Americans was an increase in demand for land by Americans. As they pushed west and south, the frequency of interactions with Native Americans increased and so did hostility. I am aware that land demand issues were normally approached at first with peaceful negations. The American government would meet with the tribes and develop a treaty that resulted in less land for the Native Americans and more land for Americans. This would satisfy the Americans for a period of time but demand for land would just continue to increase. At this point Indians would either get restless and rebellions would ensue or Americans would violate the treaties and make moves on the Native’s land. In either situation the superior force of the American troops would result in them defeating the Indians. The Indians would then be forced to comply with American demands...
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...Carta also imposed limitations of the King of England and established a parliamentary form of government with powers to act on the citizens behalf,” (AuBuchan, 2001, p. 1). The Magna Carta is comparable to the constitutional form of government which establishes Legislative, Executive, and Judicial branches. The Magna Carta contained due process which led to trial by jury also included under Article Three Section Two of the U.S. Constitution. The words of the Fifth Amendment are mentioned in the Magna Carta. Rough seas and storms stopped the Mayflower from reaching their destination. The settlers ended up in Cape Cod. “Mayflower Compact, document was signed on the English ship Mayflower on November 21, 1620, prior to its landing at Plymouth, Massachusetts,” (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2014, p. 1). The earlier settlers in the New World failed because of insufficient government. The new settlers did not want this happening to them. There were 41 adult males from the Mayflower which signed the document. The Mayflower Compact was the first written law and lasted until...
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...144 days, which is rounded to approximately four and a half months. On April 26, 1607, 104 Englishmen arrived in North America to start their own colony. On May 13, the Jamestown Colony, which was named after their King, James I, was established. The settlement became the first lasting English colony in North America. The captain used a familiar route around south of the equator to undergo better suited winds and a steady flow of water, as well as making continuous stops in the Canary Islands and the Caribbean. After spending six weeks, the English Channel had to wait for better conditioned winds. Later on,...
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...nineteenth century were booming with settlers migrating westward in search of new resources and opportunity. After the end of the Revolutionary war, Americans were determined to build their own successful economy and government. Concepts of manufacturing were being developed and explored through Alexander Hamilton’s ideas. In fact the only way for Americans to improve their economic independence was to explore what was rightfully theirs by expanding westward. Westward expansion is one the main sources of American development and provided an additional source of freedom for settlers in the United States. Westward expansion provided Americans with hopes of finding new resources, land, and ultimately ‘freedom’. During Mary Dewees’s journey from Philadelphia to Lexington, Kentucky, she records her experiences in her journal. She does this to document her life as she traveled through her hardships as a settler and most importantly as an “independent” woman. She describes having to deal with harsh weather conditions with little rain and minimal shelter. With all this distress, she manages to keep a positive and confident attitude about her life of independence awaiting her in Kentucky. Dewees goes on to hint that her life in the north was not what she had enjoyed, and her new life in Kentucky held much promise for the future. The northern states, including Philadelphia, were focusing on building a stronger, central government. The settlers migrating westward and their journeys...
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...Sam Tran Freeman Derryl Ethnic 100 March 03, 2017 Midterm essay Though both African American and Native Americans shared the bottom of the American social ladder and suffered from prejudice and discrimination, their lives were somewhat different. Both suffered at the hands of whites, but Native Americans suffered more due to the fact of destruction of their society and land lost. On the other hand, African American were being more challenged in term of improving the condition from nothing. One thing is certain that America must always remember the hardships it forced African American and American Indian to endure for no other reasons than the greed, hatred, ignorance, and racism that allow discrimination to thrive. During the period of the...
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...Virginia Virginia was the first of the 13 colonies. In 1585, the first colony to form was called Roanoke and started by Sir Walter Raleigh, an Englishman. Roanoke was an island on what is now known as North Carolina. He named it “Virginia” after the virgin queen, Elizabeth. Roanoke was a struggle. They did not know the new land and the animals, nor did they know about planting vegetation, they were not equipped with the tools and equipment needed, and then there were the Indians that they had to contend with. They were sailors and did not know the skills for planting crops and surviving on the new land. Raleigh left the Roanoke colony in 1587 and in 1590 returned with a supply ship and found no one at the colony. No one knew what happened to that colony....
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