...In 1495 Jan Van Eyck became the first Flanders painter to receive international fame. He was the court painter of Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy. Jan Van Eyck completed “The Ghent”, one of the largest retable’s of the 15th century. His brother Hubert Van Eyck originally began work on it. Phillip the Good and his wife, Isabel Borlout commissioned this retable as a centerfold that diplomat retainer Jodocous Vyd built. It was dedicated to John the Baptist. Judicious Vyd political and social connections to the Ghent aided in him being appointed chief magistrate of Ghent. The altarpiece in its entirety expresses the Christian principal of salvation. In the oil painting of “Arnolfini and His Bride” Jan Van Eyck depicts a secular painting with religious undertones. The purpose of this painting was to record an sanctify Arnolfini‘s marriage. This retable included gold manuscript. Some scholars believe he was bestowing on his wife permission to conduct business matters in his absence .Rogier Van er Weyden became renowned for his biblical inspired paintings that stressed human action and drama. When Weyden was commissioned by the archer’s guild of Louvain for the church of Notre Dame he created “The Deposition” a center panel of a triptych. The painting resembles a relief carving and depicts Jesus after the crucifixion surrounded by key biblical figures. This oil on wood painting evokes strong emotion in the viewer and regarded as one of the most authentic religious paintings of the...
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...Analyse and interpret three sixteenth-century works of art depicting mythological subjects. You may choose your examples from painting and/ or sculpture. Mythological subjects were very popular amongst artists/ sculptors during the 16th century. This was predominately as a result of humanist education amongst artists and the ever so increasing rise of educated patrons; who valued the philosophy of Neo-platonism. The mythological subjects depicted were usually scenes of gods and goddess’, as this linked back to classical antiquity; a characteristic that was key in the High Renaissance. Mythology was also able to convey allegorical images and gave context of the past. The works of art I have chosen to discuss are Titian’s Bacchus and Ariadne, Cranach’s Cupid complaining to Venus and Giambologna’s Mercury. Bacchus and Ariadne, was one of three works commissioned by Alfonso d’Este for his private apartments. Painted in 1523-4, Titian depicts Bacchus (the god of wine) and his followers on return from India, celebrating their win in war. Titian shows this celebration through the movement of the figures, which suggest they are dancing and drinking. For example, Bacchus rides in on a chariot lead by two cheetahs, followed by the intoxication of his revellers behind him. This movement occurs in a diagonal direction, where the figures come forward into the foreground, suggesting speed and excitement. The cheetahs not only symbolise the athleticism of Bacchus, which is also emphasised...
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...The Renaissance :The English Renaissance was a cultural and artistic movement in England dating from the late 15th and early 16th centuries to the early 17th century. It is associated with the pan-European Renaissance that is usually regarded as beginning in Italy in the late 14th century; like most of northern Europe England saw little of these developments for more than a century later. The beginning of the English Renaissance is often taken, as a convenience, to be 1485, when the Battle of Bosworth Field ended the Wars of the Roses and inaugurated the Tudor Dynasty. Renaissance style and ideas, however, were slow in penetrating England, and the Elizabethan era in the second half of the 16th century is usually regarded as the height of the English Renaissance .The dawn of the Renaissance came first to Italy and a little later to France. To England it came much later, roughly about the beginning of the sixteenth century. The light of the Renaissance came very slowly to the isolated island of England, so that when it did come in all its brilliance in the sixteenth century, the Renaissance in Italy had already become a spent force. Literature:The humanists and their reverence for the classics in Greek and Rome, had the effect of stifling the growth in creative literature. Their extreme reverence had the effect of encouraging the close imitation and copying of classical authors. However, as exploration continued, the interest in the world increased as did the natural curiosity...
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...Comparing ‘Love That Doth Reign and Live within My Thought’ with the Unseen - Dr. Helen Fisher’s ideas about love The poem ‘Love That Doth Reign and Live within My Thought’ was written by Henry Howard, the son of the Duke of Norfolk who was executed for treason at the age of 30. It deals with themes of confusion of love, love itself, and death. He talks about a man being in love with a woman who does not return his feelings, this is also known as ‘courtly love’ and Henry was one of the first to introduce unrequited love as a main subject in the 16th century. The form of this poem is in a Shakespearean sonnet made up of 14 lines (3 quatrains followed by a final rhyming couplet) and is a translation of a Petrarchan sonnet. It follows the rhyme scheme ‘abab, cdcd’ and so forth, and uses inverted feet – this portrays the poem as quite masculine. Because this poem was written so long ago, there is a lot of archaic lexis and sophisticated language for example: ‘ire’ and ‘eke’ thus immediately showing the reader the time period that this poem was written in. The narrative stance of this poem is in 1st person, but mainly in the 3rd person – describing a knight. The unseen text is written by a biological anthropologist named Helen Fisher, straight away this makes it apparent to the reader that this is a more analytical and scientific view of love. Both texts talk about love, however she talks more about lust and intimacy. In paragraph one she supports love and talks about the symptoms...
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...THE JOHN LOCKE PRIZE 2013 A Sixth Form cross-curricular prize to support further academic work and recommend your achievements to your universities. What prizes are on offer? There will be gold, silver and bronze prizes awarded for the best essays and such awards could help to support your University Application as evidence of outstanding academic work and independent effort. How long and of what nature should my essay be? Your essay should be between 2,000 and 2,500 words (excluding notes and bibliography) and represent original and independent work. There may be a case for writing a slightly shorter essay if one of your universities requires a shorter sample essay. Supplying an accurate word count is in any case crucial. Your essay should aim to be quite a focused piece and be a work of analysis and interpretation rather than just description. You may need to seek advice on the planning, structuring and the title of your essay. Some modifications may be necessary for scientific submissions. Where will inspiration for my essay come from? Your essay may, or may not be, a further development of normal subject work (e.g. Physics Research and Analysis, English Phillimore, History Gibbon Prize etc); it may be on subjects which have no existing prizes; it may be on a subject which is not on the curriculum (e.g. Anthropology) or which is cross-curricular (e.g. English and History of Art); or it may have emerged from Cultural perspectives lessons, the Cultural Perspectives...
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...tiles were manufactured in Mesopotamia and India. The first use of functional pottery vessels for storing water and food is thought to be around 9000 or 10,000 BC. Clay bricks were also made around the same time. Glass was believed to be discovered in Egypt around 8000 BC, when overheating of kilns produced a colored glaze on the pottery. Experts estimate that it was not until 1500 BC that glass was produced independently of ceramics and fashioned into separate items. Fast forward to the Middle Ages, when the metal industry was in its infancy. Furnaces at that time for melting the metal were constructed of natural materials. When synthetic materials with better resistance to high temperatures (called refractories) were developed in the 16th century, the industrial revolution was born. These refractories created the necessary conditions for melting metals and glass on an industrial scale, as well as for the manufacture of coke, cement, chemicals, and ceramics. Another major development occurred in the second half of the 19th century, when ceramic materials for electrical insulation were developed. As other inventions came on the scene-including automobiles, radios, televisions, computers-ceramic and glass materials were needed to help these become a...
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...quote accurately describes all of the following empires EXCEPT A) Han China 3. Sikhism is accurately defined as a region that D) Originated in India, with a blend of Muslim and Hindu beliefs 4. Which of the following decisions by the Portuguese most directly affected the Arab African cities of the east coast of Africa? B) To monopolize the Indian Ocean Trade 5. All of the following are common problems that the Muslim Empires of 1450-1750 shared EXCEPT: A) Sunni-controlled governments whose power was seriously challenged by a Shi’a minority 6. Which of the following European powers established hegemony over the Indian Ocean trade during the 16th Century? D) Portuguese 7. A dividing line drawn by the Pope to separate Portuguese and Spanish claims was established through the C) Treaty of Tordesillas 8. by the 16th Century the center of commercial activity for Europeans had shifted from the Mediterranean to the E) Atlantic Ocean 9. Whose beard is being cut off in the picture above? C) A Russian Boyar during the reign of Peter the Great 10. What is the main reason that the individual’s beard is being cut off? A) To make him comply with an official order intended to make his country modernize 11. The successful return of Magellan’s ship Victoria to Spain in 1522 signaled that? B) Europeans were now positioned to make themselves masters of the oceans 12. The Portuguese were able to assert control over the Indian Ocean trade because E) Their ships and weapons...
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...the conventional formalities of portraiture. (Chapman, 1989, pg. 158). While Rembrandt appears to be studying self-portraits to study painting and expressions, I would consider my primary reason for painting a self-portrait is to identify my own self. How do I define myself? What are my outward thoughts of myself? Do I paint myself as overweight or underweight? Do I choose to use expressions or facial appearances of people I admire or do I choose to be overly judgmental of myself? Self-portraits evolved in the 15th century when artists really wanted to improve their social status and make a name for them. (Hall, 1999). Historical evidence strongly supports the idea that a fundamental shift away from a God-centered world-view towards a man-centered one took hold in the Renaissance and gained greater strength in the seventeenth century, and that this radical change in consciousness fostered a new concept of the person as an individuated self. In short, this reordering of society prompted many to turn inwards and closely examine their lives, values and their beliefs as they attempted to reorient and reintegrate themselves (Chapman, 1989, pg. 159). Self-portraiture really seemed to be a time of self-reflection and self –identity. Artists were...
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...Named after the famous 16th century Portuguese fortifications of Melaka, A’Famosa Resort is surrounded by rolling hills and lush countryside and is rated one of the region’s foremost leisure and holiday destinations. Visible from the North-South Highway, A’Famosa Resort is a short distance away from the historical town of Melaka. It is just a mere an hour drive from Kuala Lumpur International Airport and one and half hour drive from Kuala Lumpur. The resort is a one-stop venue for business and pleasure, it boasts an international championship golf course, designed by renowned Australia golf course architect Ross C. Watson, the Water World Theme Park, Animal World Safari, Cowboy Town, Resort Hotel, Condotel and Villas. The Resort, founded in the year 1992 had come a very long way into making the place as a venue for everyone. The vision is to build a hidden paradise to avoid the busy sounds of the city. Construction of the Resort began with a massive land fills and grass planting for the Golf Course. In the same time, villas and properties begin its development phase by phase. The first theme park ever constructed on the land was Water World. Completed its construction in the year 1996, A’Famosa Resort had opened its gates to millions of visitor to the resort ever since. The next attraction completed in the year of 2001 which was the Animal World Safari. The Safari was one of its kind back then where the concept of animals roaming freely and talented animals performing...
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...throw you for ally-loop! Kendama is attention-getting fun, so just let go of that notion of keeping it to yourself. Everyone wants to take a shot at Kendama. A kendama is a Japanese toy consisting of a hammer-shaped handle connected by a string to a ball. Made of wood, the ends of the base and the crosspiece of the hammer are cupped so that they can catch the ball, and the ball has a hole in it that can fit on a spike on the end of the hammer. To play with a kendama, the ball is jerked or swung and caught in one of the cups or impaled on the spike. Kendama History There were kendama-like toys that predate the Japanese version. In particular a version called a bilboquet (or bilbouquet), which was missing the crossbar piece, was known in 16th century France, where King Henry II was said to have played it. A version of the bilboquet called the balero is still popular in Mexico. Although the Ainu in Japan are thought to have developed a bilbouquet style toy, the kendama probably traces back to the introduction of the bilboquet from Europe at the end of the 18th century. In the early 20th century the Japanese kendama had acquired the two additional side cups and was called a nichigatsu ball. In 1919 Hamaji Egusa of Hiroshima successfully registered a sort of early Japanese style patent for the device. At this point the basic form of the kendama was essentially fixed. Anatomy of the Modern Japanese Kendama Kendamas approved by the JKA are composed of five parts: * The ball...
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...History 100 Uncertain Have you ever experience living under colonization? As the matter of fact, Macao, where I was born and raised at was colonized by Portugal from the mid 16th century until year of 1999. On December 20, 1999, Macao was transferred back to China, and that’s where the uncertain began. Since the past experience that I had with living in a colony, and the supporting source that I found from the book The Jesuit Relation written by Allan Greer, I think the native agency was very uncertain about the European colonization. Under my definition, agency means an organization with a group of people who are trying to protect or taking care of the same goal. In the situation of European colonization, New France was the native agency, they are trying to protect their own from France since they are not sure what was going to happen to them after they secured. Instead of secured to France, they created their own agency, “they established a place for themselves in the existing native alliance system.” (94) For the native people, one of the reasons they are resisting to obey is due to the fear of uncertainty. From the peace negotiation at three rivers, the author noted that Sieur de Chamflour said to the ambassadors once “they should consider themselves at home here among us, that they had nothing to fear, that they were in their own house.” (97) By the way Sieur de Chamflour said, he was trying to convince the ambassadors that they had nothing to fear; but obviously...
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...Fashion, is something that all girls want to talk about. Some people may think that the famous designers just magically came up with an idea to make a whole collection on their own. Well, in some cases that is true but in most cases it’s not. A lot of our clothes that we wear now are actually influenced by the clothes from the 15th/16th century. That’s why the clothes from the 16th century and the clothes now are very similar in some ways through the way women wore then and the way they dress now, the way men dressed and the way men dress now and how the children dressed then and now. The women from the 16th century and the women now aren’t so different. Both women then and now spent so much money trying to get the latest trends. It was/is so expensive to try to get the newest clothes. About 18% of women’s salaries go towards clothes (ABA Journals.com.) Both then and now, only the upper class can afford these new trends. The upper class women got the most beautiful gowns and clothes that were available because they had the money to be able to pay for the latest and newest trends. Now of days, women can really wear whatever they want. They don’t have to wear what everyone else is wearing, which back then was dresses, dresses and dresses. Clothing now reflects personality and creativity. It gives people some freedom, freedom that women back then didn’t really have. The men then and the men now have a lot of things in common. They both got all dressed up for...
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...Superpowers June 2011 4a) This data has been used to produce the superpower index, as it includes some of the elements of a superpower, these are economy, belief system, natural resources, location, population size and physical size. This figure has 4 of these 6 elements GNP covers the economy factor and to some extent military power. It reflects wealth which is a source of power as it allows a country to exert global influence e.g. militarily, or invest in technology. Comparing the wealth of superpowers will show who has the most economic power, who can invest in new military technologies and who can compete better when buying resources. Population is not one of the best measures when comparing superpowers as the USA ends up 4th and currently is argued to be the biggest superpower. Generally if a country has a large population they will have more manpower in both military and workforce, so smaller countries won’t be able to compete with the larger countries when it comes to becoming a superpower. Oil reserves reflect energy independence as they don’t have to look elsewhere to satisfy their needs. Although wealth may mean supplies can be ensured in other ways by importing or investing in alternatives. So oil supplies is not the best way to compare superpowers, as a richer country may not have as much oil but may be able to buy from foreign countries to make up for it. Finally the patent fillings covers a few parts of being a superpower patents could be used to stop other countries...
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... In this era, the citizen of Europe suffered an era of witchcraft and the conflict between the Catholics and Protestants. As the result of the Black Death, the population of Europe as dramatically dropped, this directly influenced the population of labor force, which directly caused the result of economic depression. And this gave people great pressure. People blame all these torment on the witches, who was called the troop of devil. People consider most of the witches were women, and most of the women should be single or widows for no reason. This leads the tragedy of many innocent women to be killed or tortured to death. Because there was a great conflict between the two religion communications, the violence was widespread in the mid 16th century in the Europe area. The conflict between the two caused a large area of destructive damages in many parts of France. Catholic was the main fraction of religion before French war of religion. After the death of King Henry II, French Monarchy started to lose their power and strength, economy dropped dramatically, and the social structure started to lose stability at the time too. Also, some influential families valued this period of turmoil to gain more power and more impact power to the society. However, either side of the religion group wanted to compromise, the conflicts between the two still caused a horrible massacre by killing and torturing what was called “vermin”. French government tried to reduce the tension between two religions...
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...One of the best dynasties in the international banking history are called the Fuggers, they become the greatest from the 15th to 16th century. They started to getting a lot of power by winning the elections and getting the candidate elected as Charles V. With this win they were able to create a higher interest rate, so the banking world that were for the emperors was more profitable. By that time the interest rate was never less than 12%, but by the 16th century the bankers were able to negotiate the interest rate as high as the 45%. In the year of 1525, the Fuggers were granted with a lot of profits that came from the mercury and silver mines, this mines all controlled an ruled by the Spanish orders. With all this being said, the bankers become really important and transform into managers state of assets and revenue collectors. Creating all of this types of higher interest rates, the bankers becoming so powerful, but also becoming so quickly in the managers of states of assets and revenue collectors, was something that can provide a the people of a kingdom to many reason for they to be in so may unprofitable wars. The Fuggers family were really smart about how they start spending the money, create a great community for the poor people, with the name of The Fuggerei, this community still in use in the present days. By the last days of the 16th century were coming, the Fugger family start to avoid those financial risk-taking, and were able to move into a more aristocratic conventional...
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