...striking/interesting/relevant/significant/innovative about the film and why? Given the lack of advanced of digital technology available to the film industry then, the way special effects were created was through a synthesis of camera work and the use of props. The low budget of the film had compelled them to use props consisting of condoms, oatmeal etc. together with filming techniques to replicate certain scenes like the tunnels or the heat-ray effect. These innovative methods of mixing prop-use and camera tricks, have mostly been replaced by digital technology. Poor representations of what we would come to expect of advanced technology, these special effects back then would have been the acceptable visual standard of portraying the scientific fantasies of the 1950s era. These different special-effects standards notwithstanding, the genre-function of science-fiction is to represent a sort of fantasy with hyper-real elements, while concurrently being a parody of contemporary issues. Hence, with the normative expectations of that genre in mind, it is interesting to see how cinematic expectations have changed, for example, to see how boiled-oatmeal coupled with camera tricks could pass off as a heat-ray’s effect then. However, a judgment regarding the proximity to reality between past and present visual effects can be passed while avoiding anachronisms. Hence, where hyper-real elements – successful exaggerations of reality where representation fades into reality – that are achieved through special effects...
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...attitudes and ideologies of the society explored in the play and thus, exposing the problems and weaknesses of the society on both a personal level and societal level. “A View from the Bridge”, written by Arthur Miller, is a 1950s domestic American tragedy which dramatises the spiritual and psychological destruction of Eddie Carbone, the protagonist, as a consequence of his incestuous taboo desire for his niece, Catherine. Through the effective use of symbolism, dialogue and props, Miller exposes the human and societal flaws of 1950s working class American society in order to bring about change in the values, attitudes and ideologies of 1950s society. In “A View from the Bridge”, the conflict between the New and Old World values is a ‘flaw’ that 1950s working class American class society possesses while the dark illicit desires for Catherine is a human weakness that Eddie possesses. Through these failings, Miller reveals the consequences of these flaws and the darker side of the human psyche. Miller reveals that the clash of values and attitudes between different people within society is a collective defect of 1950s working class American society and that the facades that individuals put on in order to conform to their expected role within society is a human flaw of the 1950s working class American individuals. Thus, the audience obtains a greater understanding of the world and learns of the potential of humans to be evil and irrational. Although this text was written in 1950s about...
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...power of the one class over another (social control), capitalist relations of production -a more concentrated focus on how economic and political processes shape society and history and therefore family, families c) Structural Functionalism Parsons & Bales -the social institution of the family - family is seen as a function, and different parts of society helps it move along -the nuclear family performs functions -they saw the families as a main faction, economic support, these functions that happen in nuclear families include economic support -equilibrium, all parts help it work as a whole -hierarchical generations and role specialization within families produces harmony -the different roles that men and women take on, allows the family be a harmony -parsons and bales, gendered perspective on families, families having instrumental roles such as achieving income, feed the family, cloth the family, this would be men 2. Symbolic Interactionism Mead & Cooley - individuals create their own family realities through micro level interactions -from this perspective families are created and understood and practiced through symbolic communication by meanings that are shared - the meanings people have for family the definition of families, reflect their families, and their experiences and practices of family -this perspective is very much micro, relationships with others -when it comes to looking at the family, feminism share a lot of...
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...Disney and the American Princess: The Americanization of European Fairy Tales [pic] Marina Alexandrova Student number 3021874 MA Thesis, American Studies Program Utrecht University Course code 200401064 23943 words 12 August 2009 Contents Title page………………………………………………………………1 Contents……………………………………………………………….2 Introduction……………………………………………………………3 Chapter 1: European Fairy Tales and Values about Gender and Class………………………………………10 Chapter 2: Disney Animation and American Culture…………………24 Chapter 3: Disney Animation and (Gender) Commodification…………………………………………..55 Conclusion…………………………………………………………...73 Bibliography…………………………………………………………78 Introduction Among the various aspects which define contemporary life, popular culture – and in particular, American popular culture – is undoubtedly one of the most ubiquitous and long-lasting. Throughout the twentieth century, people around the world have enjoyed film, music, animation, and written works by various authors and artists. One of the most famous and significant American entertainers of the lot has been Walt Disney, introducing millions of children and adults to his world of limitless (or so is widely believed) imagination and magic, from the earliest short cartoons produced in the 1920s, to full-length feature animations such as Snow White and the Seven...
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...society. Viewers do not simply witness these products of history, but engage in personal experiences and responses provoked by them. Thus, art has served as a powerful engine both reflecting and fueling political, social, and religious ideologies.[2] In particular, the subject of women has accumulated controversial discussion in the visual arts because of consistencies witnessed across all these constructs. In exploring female representations in art, feminist scholars have particularly noted the perpetual limitations set upon women not only as subjects but as spectators. While artistic movements progressed over the centuries, it appears the connotations of women have remained stagnant. Even in the early 20th century which saw a turn in traditional gender roles, painting continued to be dominated by the male experience demonstrated in the guises of the nude, despite aesthetic and conceptual differences. Such control gave women little privilege to explore their own experience, resulting in a struggle of identity. After the mid 19th century, paintings of the nude increasingly replaced men with female subjects, although women contented to be absent from major art academies. Unlike their respectable counterparts, images of women actually reinforced ideologies of the power relationship...
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...can be attributed to historical values that have influenced social policies. However, there are some similarities when looking at the basic ideologies involved. When analyzing social justice, it is important to look at the entire picture that is presented. Keywords: social justice, United States, India, social policy, ideology Comparison and Analysis of Social Justice in the United States and India Many different qualities make up the definition of social justice, both in the United States and India. These definitions are influenced by historical values and ideologies that have influenced social policy. While the definitions of social justice in both locations are different, there are some areas that are similar. The basic ideologies highlight those similarities. The economic structure of a country, as well as any discrimination issues, should also be considered when analyzing social justice. When analyzing social justice, it is important to look at the entire picture that is presented. Social Justice in the United States At the most basic level, social justice can be defined as the fair distribution of good, services, rights and duties (Jimenez, 2009). While total equality is not implied, social justice does demand that every person receive the same basic rights and access to economic and political resources, regardless of gender, ethnicity, education, economic status or any other demographic...
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...Outline the similarities and differences between Adorno et al.’s (1950) and Altemeyer’s (1981) approach to authoritarianism The rise of fascism in Germany in the 1930’s and the acts of aggression and atrocities committed by the Nazis during the Second World War led to questions being asked as to why some people where prone to such levels of violence and hate in the name of political ideology. The ‘Authoritarian Personality’ was a concept suggested in 1950 by German sociologist Theodor Adorno and colleagues following their research identifying the personality traits believed to allow an individual to be bias towards and follow a fascist ideology. Although initially met with great excitement, over time the authoritarian personality alone was seen, by many psychologists, as not sufficient to explain the potential for extreme prejudices and its popularity declined. In the early 1980’s Canadian psychologist Bob Altemeyer revived the interest in authoritarianism following revision of the original work done by Adorno et al. Altemeyer was interested in right wing political ideology only just as Adorno et al had been, both excluding the potential authoritarianism personality characteristics associated with communism from their research. (McAvoy, J. 2012). As a result of his research Altemeyer was able to address the methodological shortcomings of the original work and propose a revised concept of authoritarianism. Similarly both bodies of research utilized standardised personality...
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...Heywood – ideology : 1. Perspective/lens 2. Shape the nature of political system 3. Cement An ideology is a more or less coherent set of ideas that provides the basis for organized political actions, whether this is intended to preserve, modify or overthrow the existing system of power. All ideologies therefore have the following features. They : A . offer an account of the existing order,usually in the form of a 'world view' B . advance a model of a desired future, a version of the 'good society' C . explain how political change can and should be brought about – how to get from a to b be able to explain the marxist concept of ideology p.6: First, ideology is about delusion and mystification: it perpetrates a false or mistaken view of the word, what Engels later referred to as 'false consciousness'. Second, ideology is linked to the class system. Marx believed that the distortion implicit in ideology stems from the fact that it reflects the interests and perspective on society of the ruling class. The ruling class is unwilling to recognize itself as an oppressor and, equally, is anxious to reconcile the oppressed to their oppression. Liberalism, which portrays rights that can only be exercised by the propertied and privileged as universal entitlements, is therefore the classic example of ideology. Third, ideology is a manifestation of power. In concealing the contradictions upon which capitalism, in common with all class societies, is based, ideology serves...
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...Many of us think of "traditional" gender roles as being like a 1950s sitcom: Dad puts on his suit and heads to the office, while Mom, in her pearls and crisp housedress, stays home and keeps house. But the report from the Pew Research Center reveals a sweeping change in traditional gender roles and family life over a few short decades. At the decade of the 2000s, More than 80 percent of the jobs lost during the recession had belonged to men, which led to women holding the majority of jobs in the United States for the first time ever. Men who lost their jobs were employed in fields like construction and finance, whereas the women had been in slightly steadier fields like teaching and health care, fields where there will always be a demand for workers. With their husbands unemployed, women would now take on the role of breadwinner, while the men would take care of the home. However, these changes are not easy. Men have had to struggle with what masculinity means to them if they're not the sole breadwinner. And while the recession may have forced more men to stay home, they didn't necessarily pick up the bulk of the housework or childcare. The New York Times also reported that unemployed dads spent about as much time caring for their children as their working counterparts did. How to change their mentalities will be the big challenge for the laid-off dads. And Women have to deal with making less than men in wages and a difficult time advancing to the highest positions...
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...In analyzing the portrayal of both men and women in popular magazines, I explored a variety of different scholarly articles in the goal of gaining relevant knowledge that would contribute to the overall topic of my research paper. First, I used Jennifer Holt’s “Ideal Women”, which focuses on the gendered stereotype of women during the 1950’s. Holt discusses the role of a women at this time as a “domestic caregiver” and how women held responsibility within the home and childcare. the article additionally, focuses on the idea of gender construction and how societies key role in this process. Holt follows this up by saying how these gender constructions often times leads to formulate an identity. In the later half of the article holt discusses...
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...Steven Darbyshire Professor Gerald Spence English 101 10 February 2013 What Happened to the Beaver? Wally and the Beaver have moved out of the neighborhood and the Kardashians have moved in. The fact that you know who the Kardashians are is a testimonial to the success of mass media marketing. What was once a platform to display the best qualities found in America has steadily become a means to display the worst. A modern day circus sideshow is just one click of your remote control away. What’s even more concerning is that our children can work the remote better than we can. Former President George Bush Jr. once said, “We cannot blame the schools alone for the dismal decline in SAT verbal scores. When our kids come home from school do they pick up a book or do they sit glued to the tube, watching music videos? Parents, don't make the mistake of thinking your kid only learns between 9:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m.”(qtd. in Alexis 247) .The connection between the desensitized youth of our nation and the American mass media is undeniable. American Children spend more than fifty-three hours a week watching TV or using video games, cellphones, and computers (Kaiser Family Foundation). That is an incredible amount of time for anyone, let alone a child. Sociologists believe that the media is used as a means to educate youth in regards to beliefs and values. Youth are shown that their lives can be better or more exciting by taking part in a certain behavior, which in-turn...
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...Explaining female crime Heidensohn: patriarchal control Heidensohn argues that the most striking thing about women’s behaviour is how conformist it is – they commit fewer crimes than men. In her view, this is because patriarchal society imposes greater control over women and this reduces their opportunities to offend. This patriarchal control operates at home, in public spaces and at work. * Control at home * Women’s domestic role, with its constant round of housework and childcare, imposes severe restrictions on their time and movement and confines them to the house for long periods of time, reducing their opportunities to offend. Women who try to reject their domestic role may find that their partners seek to impose it by force, through domestic violence. * As Dobash and Dobash show, many violent attacks result from men’s dissatisfaction with their wives’ performance of domestic duties. Men also exercise control through their financial power, for example by denying women sufficient funds for leisure activities, thereby restricting their time outside the home. * Daughters too are subject to patriarchal control. Girls are less likely to be allowed to come and go as they please or to stay out late. As a result, they develop a bedroom culture, socialising at home with friends rather than out in public spaces. Girls are also required to do more housework than boys. As a result, they have less opportunity to engage in deviant behaviour on the streets. ...
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...issue addressed is the lack of equality in this particular circumscribed circle called politics on an international level. There is still the need to define discrimination, stereotyping and prejudice among groups and race. In modern times, psychologists and scholars have focused their attention to human behaviour, the human mind as well as gender based issues within the political sphere and even within that area, issues of discrimination, stereotyping, prejudice especially gender do not cease to exist. Sexism has, in the modern era, gained much academic and social legitimacy. Scholars and feminists have thoroughly examined the politics of identification as follows: (a) Gender shapes not only who we are but the world(s) we live in (b) Resistance to changing our personal (gender) identities obstructs feminist movement (c) The identity of the modern subject is not gender neutral but masculine (and typically European) (d) Feminist identity is itself problematic given the diversity (non-identity) among women. (e) Identity groups most closely associated with political power have also been historically based on gender inequality. (f) As members of these groups, women have interests in their success, including the group's acquisition of political power competitors. Source: Peterson, V. (1996). The politics of identification in the context of globalization. Women's Studies International Forum. Groups may be...
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...Analysis of Gender Roles in Disney Princess Films Jasmit Singh 213749361 Traditional and Popular Culture – 1900 9.0 Susan Niazi – Tutorial 6 Whether it’s the colours they wear, the activities they engage in or how they behave, men and women are known to play different roles in society. These established gender roles “are not innate or natural but a product of society”. Children, adolescents and adults all learn gender roles through the environment they’re surrendered by. One of the many huge influencers that help shape gender roles is media. Although “there has been a lot of change over the years in terms of what is considered appropriate societal roles for men and women, this change is not reflected in contemporary film”. The ideology of mainstream media continues to focus on the males being the heads of society, which in result, shows an unequal representation of the females. From an early age, media puts an image into young minds, informing them how males and females should think, act, behave and appear. In many television shows and films, one can easily see the distinct difference between the role of a male and a female. Often films are enforcing stereotypical gender roles where the male is seen to holds more importance in society than the female. Amongst many film producing companies, Walt Disney Pictures for decades have been enforcing stereotypical gender roles in their princess films. Though it may not be outright obvious, Disney productions play a huge role in fostering...
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...caused a surge of industrialization and modernization, directing the Meiji government to construct a nation-state, which cultivated nationalism and brought on the deification of the emperor. These changes led to the formation of a family model--the ie system. Within this system, since men were expected to “carry out orders” and die for the nation-state, motherhood began to be emphasized and respected as having the primary role of childcare, overshadowing fathers in the sphere of childrearing. Part of Japan’s transition to a modern society was the enactment of its first School Law in 1872 which established state-sponsored compulsory education, thereby replacing the role of fathers in giving their children a preliminary...
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