...realized that myself, and all the others in the class, would be looking at works, such as Candide and 1984, in an entirely different fashion. Many of the stories we read were written a substantial amount of time in the past and it was interesting to see how their meaning changed and evolved over different generations. While reading the books on biological evolution I could not help but see aspects of a desired Utopia in the theory of evolution. In this paper I hope to explore the evolution of selected works from my class last semester and address my feelings on the idea that the theory of evolution is a utopian notion. One of the works we focused on a great deal was George Orwell's 1984. This counted as a utopian and distopian society because the higher powers in the book were able to control the underlings exactly as they wanted to; whereas the underlings who were suffering it all, lived in great fear and unhappiness. Orwell wrote the book in 1948 as a warning to what he felt the world may become. As we well know, his prophecies were not entirely fulfilled but the meaning of the story has evolved over time and still has relevance in today's society. When 1984 was written it was a lightly disguised reflection of the communism and capitalism. It also served as a warning for where the world might become if there came to power only a few dictators to reign over the entire world. My father read the book...
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...Original Article Rationality, norms and identity in international relations Ji Young Choi Department of Politics & Government, Ohio Wesleyan University, Elliott Hall 204, Delaware, OH 43015, USA. E-mail: jychoi@owu.edu Abstract This article examines major debates between rationalism and constructivism. It presents that there are politically significant motives of social actions, including norms and identity, which cannot be completely subsumed by the concept of instrumental rationality. These ideational or social-psychological motivations are governed primarily by thymos or affect (the moral or emotional part of the human personality) and/or valueoriented rationality. We need more flexible assumptions about main actors and their motives than those of rationalism to explain appropriately the politics of anger, loyalty and a sense of justice at international levels. However, constructivism’s emphasis on ideational motivations cannot totally replace rationalism in explaining international political life. Constructivism maintains that identity or norms are causally prior to actors’ interests. Yet when there is conflict between pursuit of interests and maintenance of identity or norms, actors’ strong and well-defined self-interests can overrule their contested or unstable identity or norms. In short, causal arrows can flow in either direction between identity or norms and interests. This implies that rationalism and constructivism are complementary rather than competitive...
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...of men and women in a family are not explicitly defined and vary vastly from across many countries. In Iran for example, men’s roles are normally more valued and rewarded than women’s roles. This research report will outline the basic assumptions about families prior to any feminist changes and explain the rationale for this. It will then discuss the initiation of the feminist movement and the way in which it affected the roles within a family and the structure of a family. The report will analyse the implications of feminism and discuss the types of feminism, which have affected the basic assumptions of families. In order to fully understand the challenges feminist have posed, the report will consider the importance of feminism in today’s society, assessing our assumptions about families and to what degree it is considered a priority. As a matter of interest, there will also be a discussion on the effect of feminism on families on an international scale. This research report will seek to conclude concisely the ways in which feminists have challenged the basic foundation and ideas in relation to families. In the seventeenth and eighteenth century Cheal cites that the term nuclear family emerged describing a couple who are legally married and have their own children residing in a permanent home. (Cheal, D. 2002) Talcott Parsons (1956) has suggested a possible rational justifying why the basic assumption of families exists. Parson’s view was based on the facts that women...
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...CONVENTIONAL ACCOUNTING SYSTEM AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: EXPERIENCES IN MY PLACES OF WORK. BEING A SEMINAR PAPER PRESENTATION IN ACCOUNTING AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY FOR MASTERS IN ACCOUNTING (MAC) DEPARTMENT OF ACCOUNTING FACULTY OF ADMINISTRATION SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA BY: KALU NNANNA NWONYUKU JUNE, 2013 CONTENTS 1.1.1 INTRODUCTION 1.2.1 THE MEANING OF ACCOUNTING AND ACCOUNTING PROCESS 1.2.2 THE ROLES AND FUNCTION OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION 1.2.3 BASIC ELEMENTS OF AN ACCOUNTING INFORMATION 1.2.4 BASIC ACCOUNTING POSTULATES AND PRINCIPLES 1.3.1 MEANING OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 1.3.2 ADVENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN ACCOUNTING SYSTEM 1.3.3. THE IMPORTANCE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY TO ACCOUNTING SYSTEM 1.4.1 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY USE FOR AN ACCOUNTING SYSTEM 1.4.2 SOFTWARE FOR ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEM 1.4.3 FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHEN CHOOSING ACCOUNTING SOFTWARE 1.4.4 HOW TO CHECK ACCOUNTING SOFTWARE 1.5.1 MERITS OF COMPUTERIZED ACCOUNTING SYSTEM 1.5.2 DEMERITS/LIMITATION...
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...The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available at www.emeraldinsight.com/1751-1348.htm Henri Fayol, practitioner and theoretician – revered and reviled Mildred Golden Pryor and Sonia Taneja Department of Marketing and Management, Texas A&M University-Commerce, Commerce, Texas, USA Abstract Purpose – Fayol’s theories were the original foundation for management as a discipline and as a profession. Also Fayol was the first to advocate management education. Yet he has critics who revile him (or at least disparage his work) as well as followers who respect and revere him. This paper intends to enlighten today’s practitioners and academicians about the relevance and value of Fayol’s theories today. Design/methodology/approach – The paper addresses Fayol’s contributions as well as the disparagement and the reverence. It compares Fayol’s work with that of Follett, Mintzberg, Taylor, and Porter. In addition, it demonstrates the original and current interpretation and application of his theories. Finally, it indicates the alignment of Fayol’s theories with strategic leadership and management. Findings – Fayol’s theories are valuable and relevant for organizational leaders because Fayol was a practitioner who documented theories that worked best for him and his co-workers. While there are those who criticize Fayol’s theories, there are many others who respect them and find them useful as academicians and as practitioners. The theory of management functions aligns...
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...OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY D) REASEARCH METHODLOGY a) DATA COLLECTION b) PRIMARY DATA COLLECTION c) SECONDARY DATA COLLECTION E) LIMITATIONS OF THE PROJECT PART 2 A) OVERVIEW OF THE ORGANISATION B) COMPANY PROFILE C) SERVICES PART 3 A) DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION B) FINDINGS C) RECOMMENDATIONS D) BIBLIOGRAPHY E) ANNEXURE(QUESTIONAAIRE) Part I INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1 A) INTRODUCTION Transport yourself back to a time when eager young recruitment professionals spent hours looking through piles of CVs and narrowing down candidates in face-to-face interviews. It may sound prehistoric to many of us, but it’s the fact. Let’s face it, the industry has been moving fast and today’s high-fliers teenagers with the amount of time they spend staring at computer screens, ipads, social media sites etc.. Arguably, the old way is more personal and the new is more scientific, but the big debate is which method gets the best results? Recognising traditional sources of Recruitment Before technology took hold, there was a lot more personal interaction happening between the candidates and the clients. Recruiters spent hours speaking to clients and industry contacts either on the phone, in one-to-one meetings, over lunch or at networking events. Besides getting down to business, they were picking up valuable industry trends and hot tips on who might fit a role along the way while building relationships. When they weren’t...
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...have impacted on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and how the effects can be seen today. This paper aims to discuss how the assimilation policy and forced separation of Indigenous children from their families and culture has affected the mental health and wellbeing of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. A significant undertone of the assimilation policy is racial discrimination (Haebich 2001), which is an additional theme explored in this discussion. Racial discrimination is built on a belief of superiority that one race is better than the other (Khalafzai 2009, p.10), which is relevant to the actions of the assimilation policy; the Aboriginal culture was devalued and considered barbaric and inappropriate to the modern colonist nation (Haebich 2001). Victims of the forced separation suffered severe psychological consequences (Petchkovsky et al. 2004), which to this day, haunt and affect the lives of many Indigenous Australians (Koolmatrie & Williams 2000). Furthermore, remnants of the past are still seen present time, through the discriminating treatment of Indigenous Australians, adversely impacting on their health, mentally and physically (Khalafzai 2009, pp.10-11). The forced removal of Aboriginal children from their families derived from an underlying racist judgment that Aboriginal culture was ‘inappropriate’ to the colonial attitude (Haebich 2001, pp.75-76). Aboriginal families were denigrated and deemed to be ‘bad environments’, neglecting...
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...INTERMEDIATION 3 Informational Asymmetries 3 Transaction Costs Theory 4 Regulation 4 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT 5 Origin of Financial Intermediation 5 EVOLUTION OF FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION 6 THE FUTURE OF FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION 7 TRENDS IN FUTURE FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION 8 Regulation (Deregulation) 8 Revised regulatory framework 8 Revised reporting standards and accounting 8 International Monitoring and Oversight 9 Effects on Insurance 9 Technology 9 New financial innovations 9 Globalization 9 Presence 9 Scale 10 Increased Government involvement 10 IMPLICATIONS 11 CONCLUSION 11 BIBLIOGRAPHY 12 FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION INTRODUCTION Financial Intermediation is a crucial and pervasive feature of all world economies. But as Franklin Allen (2001) observed in his AFA presidential Address, there is a widespread view that financial intermediaries can be ignored because they have no real effect. But this cannot be true, in my opinion, savings-investment process, corporate finance decisions, and consumer portfolio choices cannot be understood without studying financial intermediation. So what is financial intermediation? When talking about financial markets we generally are talking about two kinds of markets, capital and money markets. In these markets, according to O. Gwilym (2011), the participants can be categorized into two areas; (i) deficit units who wish to spend more than their current income (borrowers) and; (ii) surplus units whose current...
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...Should Pope Benedict XVI have resigned? For the first time in over 600 years, the Pope has stepped down from his holy position and abandoned his role in the Roman Catholic Church. In history, only four other Popes have resigned. Every Pope for the past 600 years has lived through their issues, personal matters, and problems to serve the Roman Catholic community and has died in their position. The Pope of the Roman Catholic Church, which values tradition, should have kept with the tradition of dying in his seat of holy power. However, in his resignation statement, Benedict states; “In today’s world … both strength of mind and body are necessary, strength which in the last few months, has deteriorated in me to the extent that I have had to recognize my incapacity to adequately fulfill the ministry entrusted to me.” The Pope argues that, with his deteriorating strength, he can no longer carry out the responsibilities of the papacy. It is also true that Pope Benedict XVI is leaving the church in a more troubled state than when he first received the grand position. For years, controversy has plagued Catholicism. The controversy has only intensified since his coronation. The Pope no longer signifies true morality, especially after sex scandal controversies appeared in recent years . An increase in religious disregard and apathy has brought a societal shift in perspective of the church. The position of The Pope, and the church in general, promotes backwards moral values from a...
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...Conclusion 19 References 21 Introduction In today’s consumerist world, we are bombarded by advertising messages through virtually every medium inducing us to change our attitudes. All of the companies are screaming for our attention at once, each of which is trying to shout the loudest to be heard over the commotion. This commotion, created by the multitude of companies, blends together creating a constant buzz in the back of the consumer’s mind. It leads to a world filled with overwhelming clutter that leaves consumers trying to find a way to keep from drowning. As a result, many marketers are considering whether the advertising message is still getting through to the customer or if the message is becoming decreasingly effective in particular to the medium used to deliver the message. Marketers are becoming increasingly aware that they need to find a way to break through the clutter created in today’s culture. Some observe that a more cluttered environment reduces advertising viewing, increases avoidance, impairs advertising memories, inhibits the ability to correctly identify the brand, and has an undesirable impact of emotional responses to advertising (Hammer, 2009). This paper examines current research that is being done on traditional mediums of advertising, whether the clutter is leading to decreased effectiveness of advertising messages, as well as focusing on current trends that are leading the world of advertising in new directions. Advertising has been...
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...audience with fast-paced plots, creative imagery, and multi-faceted characters. Macbeth is an action-packed, psychological thriller that has not lost its impact in nearly four hundred years. The politically ambitious character of Macbeth is as timely today as he was to Shakespeare's audience. Mary McCarthy says in her essay about Macbeth, "It is a troubling thought that Macbeth, of all Shakespeare's characters, should seem the most 'modern,' the only one you could transpose into contemporary battle dress or a sport shirt and slacks." (Signet Classic Macbeth) Audiences today quickly become interested in the plot of a blindly ambitious general with a strong-willed wife who must try to cope with the guilt engendered by their murder of an innocent king in order to further their power. The elements of superstition, ghosts, and witchcraft, though more readily a part of everyday life for the Renaissance audience, remain intriguing to modern teenagers. The action-packed plot, elements of the occult, modern characterizations, and themes of import to today's world make Macbeth an excellent choice for teaching to high school students. This study guide offers ideas for presenting Macbeth to a high school class. The activities have been divided into sections: 1. 2. 3. 4. a brief literary overview, including a synopsis and commentary on the play; suggestions...
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...www.sciedu.ca/jbar Journal of Business Administration Research Vol. 1, No. 1; 2012 Luxury Brand Exclusivity Strategies – An Illustration of a Cultural Collaboration Anita Radón, PhD Post Doc. Researcher The Swedish School of Textiles, University of Borås SE-501 90 Borås, Sweden Tel: 46-705-918-306 Received: May 30, 2012 doi:10.5430/jbar.v1n1p106 E-mail: anita.radon@hb.se Online Published: July 16, 2012 Accepted: July 14, 2012 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jbar.v1n1p106 This research is supported by Handelns Utvecklingsråd. Abstract This paper examines how luxury fashion brands renew themselves in order to balance the exclusivity that is associated with luxury goods and with profit maximization. Using consumers’ demand theory it is shown how luxury fashion brands go through different phases to renew the perception of exclusivity. A proposed model for the stages a luxury brand goes through to keep up the perception of exclusivity is provided. The focus is on identifying how luxury fashion brands renew themselves in order to create a perception of exclusivity and scarcity. The limitations of the study is that research has yet to be done on how consumers of luxury fashion goods perceive these efforts put forward by luxury fashion brands. Problems associated with luxury fashion brands, theoretically as well as on a practical level, and the crucial need for a perception of exclusivity and how this perception can be maintained are addressed. This paper contributes...
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...revolutionized the way health care is being delivered today. Without doubt, medical technology is indispensable for people's health and better quality of life in some areas; and contributes billions of dollars to the economy. Some would go so far to say that the practice of medicine these days is inherently dependent upon health technology. This is probably based on the observations that clinicians use a wide variety of technologies in diagnosing, treating and assessing the care of their patients. Today's medical technology is more advanced, more effective, and in many cases, more costly than ever before. Furthermore there is an ever increasing demand for high technology diagnostic and therapeutic health care facilities and their availability may come into conflict with medical necessity, social justice and cost effectiveness. There is increasing pressure on health care resources that is driving more explicit and public decisions regarding the best use of these resources. The complexity of modern technology and its high marginal cost suggest to us that testimonial reviews of new technologies are no longer sufficient.1 Current trends in health care decision making favour a transition from a rationale based primarily on resources and opinion to a rationale derived from research. In developing a new health care technology it is important to recognize its potential impact. The important question would be whether the new technology provides information that was not previously available and...
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...An analysis of research and literature on CREATIVITY IN EDUCATION Report prepared for the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority by Anna Craft March 2001 2 Contents Page Numbers 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Aims and purposes 1.2 Approach taken and areas covered 4 2.0 A summary of the research and literature on creativity 2.1 Historical overview 2.2 The early part of the twentieth century 2.3 More recent directions in creativity research 2.4 Lines of study stemming from the 1950s 2.4.1 Personality 2.4.2 Cognition 2.4.3 Ways to stimulate creativity 2.4.4 Creativity and social systems 2.5 Background to creativity in education 2.6 Broader claims for creativity in the curriculum 5-12 3.0 What do we mean by creativity? 3.1 Definitions or descriptions of creativity 3.2 High creativity 3.3 Ordinary, or ‘democratic’ creativity 13-15 4.0 The development of creativity in education 4.1 Research into the development of creativity in education 4.1.1 Comprehensive approaches 4.1.2 Educational approaches 4.1.3 Psychodynamic approaches 4.1.4 Humanistic approaches 4.1.5 Behaviourist approaches 4.2 Teaching approaches to developing creativity 4.2.1 ‘Creative cycle’ approaches 4.2.2 Single-strategy approaches 4.2.3 Multi-strategy approaches 4.2.4 System approaches 4.2.5 Overall pedagogic criteria approaches 16-22 3 5.0 Assessment and creativity 5.1 Recording and assessing creativity 23-24 6.0 Conclusions and key findings 6.1 High and democratic creativity ...
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...Topic With reference to entrepreneurial theory, critically comment on the following blog written by fourth grade high school students in Ohio discussing entrepreneurship: “ - Entrepreneurship is one of the most important parts of economics in a freeenterprise system. - An entrepreneur is a person that creates, organises and manages a business while trying to make a profit. The first thing an entrepreneur needs to do is to think of an idea. They have to be inquirers so they can gather as much information as possible. They need to constantly reflect on their decisions. They must be risk-takers because there is always a chance that their business will not succeed. They must be open-minded when presenting their ideas and receiving feedback. Entrepreneurs must be good communicators when sharing their ideas with investors and when advertising and promoting their company. They must also be principled and caring towards their employees and customers. - By being hardworking entrepreneurs, we all have the opportunity to be very successful.” 2 The essay examines the importance of entrepreneurship within the economy, core elements of entrepreneurship, and how entrepreneurial behaviour and certain character traits impact success. The investigation is based on statements about entrepreneurship given by fourth grade high school students in Ohio. The essay will argue that entrepreneurship is an essential part of economics in a free-enterprise...
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