...What is leadership? As quoted by Alan Keith (2001), “Leadership is about creating a way for people to contribute for something extraordinary to happen.” Leadership is a process by which a member of a group or organization influences other associates to help the group or organization accomplish its goals. Leaders are individuals who exert influence to help achieve group goals. There are two types of leaders, which are formal leaders and informal leaders. Formal leaders are managers who are given the authority to influence other associates in the organization to accomplish its goals. However, informal leaders are members of an organization with no formal authority but can exert just as much substantial influence in an organization because of their special skills or talents that will build the organization’s realization in helping them accomplish the goals. From the research that I have made, I find that Arnold Schwarzenegger was an informal leader at first as he had no formal authority to influence others but he only had his special skills and talents as an actor and a bodybuilder. From an informal leader, he then managed to run for the governor of California and received authority to lead California, which makes him a formal leader. Arnold Schwarzenegger experienced what is it to be the greatest bodybuilder of all time. His reputation in the bodybuilding world and blockbuster films makes him an informal leader. In addition, the President of the United States also acknowledged...
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...Introduction Generally, e-business (electronic business) is running a business on the internet. It is not only buying and selling but also providing services to customers and collaborating with business partners. The first one using this word was IBM when it launched the thematic campaign around the term in October, 1997. Recent years, many companies are rethinking their business in terms of the new culture of the Internet and capabilities. They are using the Web to buy supplies from suppliers, to make sales promotions, and to do the marketing research. In order to understand the moral, ethical and legal issue, it’s necessary to fully understand the advantages and disadvantages compared to the traditional business (The Economist, 2000b). For the buyers, the main advantage is the sale price will be 9% - 16% lower than in brick-and-mortar store (Varian, 2000). Other factors such as vast goods and services offering are also benefits. However, there is a drawback for some people; the cheaper prices are superficially an advantage because online shopping could not provide them with a gratifying social contract. For the seller, there are two significant advantages which should not be forgotten. It can allow interactive communication among user and distance-collapsing. Companies do not have to pay for the higher rent for the retail stores and warehouses. Most e-business companies use the computer to cut the cost of employees’ wages. Companies do not have to wait for cash as they...
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...How to plant a ginkgo tree? There are almost 30% of the forests have disappeared in our earth, the rest of the forests still in danger. That’s why we should call on everyone to protect our earth. We can start with a little thing just like protecting natural environment. We can do a simple little thing just like planting a tree. In China, many people like to plant ginkgo trees because ginkgo also is a medicinal materials. At first, we need to dig a hole and have a right depth. Following, we need to backfill the hole and water it. At last, we need to place the mulch around the ginkgo and stake it. Therefore, everyone plant a little tree might be saving our earth. Firstly, We need to dig a hole with the shovel that is two times as wide as the root ball of the tree. In order to make the roots grow into the soil, we need to water and let the air into the hole’s ground. After that, take the ginkgo tree out of the pot and make sure that do not expose it to the sun and wind for too long. We need to put the ginkgo tree into the hole and check the depth of the hole is right. It should not be too deep or too shallow. Secondly, we need to fill in quarter of the hole with manure or compost and the rest with soil. Rich soil is very important for the ginkgo tree. Also, organic metrical is better than artificial fertilizer. Therefore, I prefer to use the manure or compost that make ginkgo tree grows well. After that, we need to water the tree after planting and keep on watering it weekly...
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...Chapter Nine: Multicriteria Decision Making PROBLEM SUMMARY 1. Model formulation, product mix 2. Model formulation, transportation, computer solution 3. Model formulation, urban recreation facility allocation 4. Model formulation, crop determination, computer solution 5. Model formulation, product mix, computer solution 6. Model formulation, OSHA safety compliance, computer solution 7. Computer solution; graphical solution 8. Computer solution; graphical solution 9. Computer solution 10. Model formulation, computer solution 11. Model formulation, product mix, computer solution 12. Model formulation, product mix, computer solution 13. Model formulation, clinic personnel selection, computer solution 14. Model formulation, production scheduling, computer solution, sensitivity analysis 15. Model formulation, employee scheduling, computer solution 16. Model formulation, R&D project selection 17. AHP, company takeover 18. Pairwise comparison (9–17) 19. AHP, faculty raises 20. Pairwise comparisons (9–19) 21. AHP, mutual funds 22. AHP (9–21) 23. AHP, utility vehicles 24. AHP, anchor persons 25. AHP, hotel selection 26. AHP, college selection 27. AHP, dating service 28. AHP, R&D projects 29. AHP, student selection 30. AHP, athletic facilities 136 2. a) 31. AHP, vacation locations 32. Pairwise comparisons (9–31) 33. AHP, major options 34. AHP, basketball players 35. AHP, school facilities 36. Student’s pairwise comparisons 37. AHP, emergency rooms 38. AHP, class sections 39. Student car...
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...European Journal of Business and Management ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online) Vol 4, No.7, 2012 www.iiste.org Consumer’s Perception on General Banking Activities of Commercial Banks: A Study in the Banking Context of Bangladesh Jafirullah Khan Jebran (Corresponding author) Lecturer, Department of Business Administration Atish Dipanker University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Cell: +88-01914224859 E-mail: jafirullah.khan@gmail.com Md. Afzal Hossain Lecturer, Department of Business Administration Shanto-moriam University of creative technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Cell:+88-01912807050 E-mail: aafxal_005@yahoo.com Abstract To cope up with the competitive and highly regulated banking sector, every bank is trying to put their focus on satisfying its customers. As a result consumers’ need is required to be found out. This research focuses on the issues to find out consumers’ perception on general banking activities of a commercial bank. The paper provides an understanding of different factors that affect consumer perception on general activities of a bank. Here 3 factors are generated with the help of factor analysis. This sort of research is also helpful to find out consumer’s perception in different industries and organizations. Keyword: Factor analysis, General banking activities, Commercial banks 1. INTRODUCTION Banking sector in Bangladesh is characterized as a highly competitive and highly regulated sector. With a good number of banks already...
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...Research Journal of Finance and Accounting www.iiste.org ISSN 2222-1697 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2847 (Online) Vol.6, No.3, 2015 27 Predicting Stock Market using Regression Technique Prof. Mitesh A. Shah1* Dr.C.D.Bhavsar2 1.Department of Statistics, S.V. Vanijya Mahavidyalaya, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India 2.Department of Statistics, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India Email of the corresponding Author: m_a_shah73@yahoo.com Abstract We use two and half year data set of 50 companies of Nifty along with Nifty from 1st Jan 2009 to 28th June 2011 and apply multivariate technique for data reduction, namely Factor Analysis. Using Factor analysis we reduce these 50 companies’ data (50 variables) into the most significant 4 FACTORS. These four significant factors are then used to predict the Nifty using Multiple linear regression. We observed that the model is good fitted and it explained 90 % of the total variance. Keywords: Nifty, Factor Analysis, Multiple Linear Regression, Data reduction 1. Introduction: In this paper, we applying data reduction technique of Factor analysis on the Nifty Stocksand then predict NIFTY using Multiple Linear Regression Technique. Factor analysis is a statistical technique to study interrelationship among the Variables. The idea behind factor analysis is grouping the variables by their correlation in such a way that particular group is highly correlated among themselves but relatively smaller correlation with the variables in other group...
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...European Journal of Business and Management ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online) Vol.6, No.5, 2014 www.iiste.org Risk Exposures, Vulnerability and Mitigation Methods among Road Transport Workers in Nigeria Festus M Epetimehin PhD Joseph Ayo Babalola University, Ikeji- Arakeji fessy51@yahoo.co.uk, fmepetimehin@jabu.edu.ng Abstract This study examines risk exposures among Road Transport Worker and their methods of mitigation. A simple random sampling technique was used to select respondents from Lagos State. Nigeria. In order to determine how different types of risk exposures contribute to number of accidents on the roads, Cramer’s V was used to analyze and test the formulated hypotheses at 0.05 significant levels. The result of the findings revealed that age, driving experience, treatment seeking behavior and speed limit have significant relationship with drivers’ risk exposures. The study also reveals that younger drivers are more exposed to accident than older drivers and the treatment seeking behavior used by the Road Transport workers exposed them as well as their families to financial danger. In line with these findings, it was recommended that Road Transport Workers, RTW should use a formalized means to mitigate their losses. Keywords: Risk, Vulnerability, Mitigation, Risk exposure, Accident, Insurance 1.0 Introduction Risk is an integral part of mankind. It is a permanent and important part of life. Everyone is exposed to various kind of risk including their...
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...European Journal of Business and Management ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online) Vol 3, No.3 www.iiste.org Effective advertising and its influence on consumer buying behavior Zain-Ul-Abideen (Corresponding Author) Department of Management Sciences, Abbasia Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. E-mail: zuabideen@gmail.com Salman Saleem Department of Business Administration, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science & Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan. E-mail: salmankhan302@gmail.com Abstract Advertising is a form of communication intended to convince an audience (viewers, readers or listeners) to purchase or take some action upon products, information, or services etc. This paper investigates the relationship between independent variables which are environmental response and emotional response with attitudinal and behavioral aspect of consumer buying behavior, by tapping the responses of 200 respondents using telecommunication services from Rawalpindi, Islamabad, and Lahore (cities of Pakistan). The major findings of the study demonstrate an overall normal association between the variables but in-depth analysis found that emotional response of consumer purchase behavior is the variable that results into strong association with the consumer buying behavior. It is true that people purchase those brands with which they are emotionally attached. This study reports new evidences in the field of consumer buying behavior of consumers pertaining...
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...erian novelJournal of Education and Practice ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online) Vol 2, No 4, 2011 www.iiste.org A Study on Gender Consciousness in Nigerian Autobiographical Narratives and Power of the Interview Ogunyemi, Christopher Babatunde Department of English, College of Humanities, Joseph Ayo Babalola University PMB 5006 Ilesa 233001 Osun State, Nigeria. bbcoguns2@yahoo.se Akindutire, Isaac Olusola Department of Physical and Health Education, Faculty of Education University of Ado Ekiti Ado Ekiti. Ekiti State, Nigeria ioakindutire@yahoo.com Adelakun, Ojo Johnson Department of Economics, Joseph Ayo Babalola University, PMB 5006 Ilesa 233001, Osun State, Nigeria joadelakun@yahoo.co.uk Abstract The study explores some self-created metaphors in male autobiographical writings in Nigeria. It visualizes the negation of female gender in art. The paper investigates the dichotomy of language, the use of irony and situational metaphors to displace conventional ones; it blends theories with critical evaluation of discourse. The research uses empirical methods in solving hypothetical questions with the use of extensive and relatively unstructured interviews. It examines the interviews of twenty five people independently, these people include: University lecturers, students, administrative and technical staff. The work analyzes concurrently their interview testimonies to search for congruence. Data analysis begins with a detailed microanalysis in which emergent concepts...
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...European Journal of Business and Management ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online) Vol.5, No.5, 2013 www.iiste.org Impact of employee’s job satisfaction on organizational performance. Muhammad Shahzad Latif (M.com Student) (shahzadnrsp@yahoo.com) Federal Urdu University of Science, Arts & Technology Islamabad. Pakistan Mushtaq Ahmad Foundation University, Islamabad, Pakistan Muhammad Qasim Federal Urdu University of Science, Arts & Technology Islamabad. Pakistan Momal Mushtaq National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad Amber Ferdoos International Islamic University, Islamabad. Pakistan Hummayoun Naeem Foundation University, Islamabad. Pakistan Abstract Employee attitude is very important for management to determine the behavior of workers in the organization. The usually judgment about employees is that “A satisfied worker is a productive worker”. If employees are satisfied then it will create a pleasant atmosphere within the organization to perform in a better and efficient manner, therefore, job satisfaction and its relation with organizational performance has become a major topic for research studies. The specific problem covered in this study is to scrutinize the impact of job satisfaction on organizational performance. It considered which rewards (intrinsic and extrinsic) determine job satisfaction of an employee and its relation with organizational performance. It also reviewed the influence of age, sex and experience of employees on level of...
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...European Journal of Business and Management ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online) Vol 4, No.4, 2012 www.iiste.org Analysis of the Factors that Affect Job Satisfaction: A Case Study on Private Companies Employees of Bangladesh Md. Rifayat Islam1* Md. Tauhid Rasul2 G. M. Wali Ullah3 1. 2. 3. Product Management Specialist, Grameenphone Ltd., GP HOUSE, Bashundhara, Baridhara, Dhaka-1229, Bangladesh. HR Professional, DIRD Group. MBA, University of Dhaka. PGDHRM, Bangladesh Institute of Management, Bangladesh. BBA, Department of Business Administration, East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. * E-mail of the corresponding author: rifayat@msn.com Abstract Job satisfaction is an important aspect for an organization’s success. A successful organization is the one with satisfied workers. This research report tried to find out the main factors of job satisfaction and whether they have any impact on the job satisfaction of the employee of private companies. Firstly the factors responsible for job satisfaction were identified through a literature review of various articles related to job satisfaction. A focus group discussion among employees and an exploratory research were also conducted. Nine Factors were found. Then to analyze the effect of these nine factors, a quantitative research was done. The employees were selected through convenience sampling. After conducting pretest the main survey was done. The result indicated that four out of nine factors (Coordination...
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...Research Journal of Finance and Accounting ISSN 2222-1697 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2847 (Online) Vol.4, No.18, 2013 www.iiste.org Problem with Human Resource Accounting and A Possible Solution Md. Mustafizur Rahaman1* Md. Amzad Hossain2 Tabassum Akter3 1. Lecturer, Department of Accounting, Bangladesh University of Business & Technology (BUBT), Mirpur-2, Dhaka-1216, Bangladesh 2. Lecturer, Department of Business Administration, East West University, Plot No-A/2, Jahurul Islam City, Aftabnagar Main Rd, Dhaka 1219, Bangladesh 3. Lecturer, Department of Business Administration, Prime University, Dar-Us-Salam Rd, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh * E-mail of the corresponding author: mustafizmamun09@gmail.com Abstract The idea of Human Resource Accounting (HRA) has been a debatable issue by academicians, accountants and standards setters universally. This study critically assesses the concept of HRA in order to unveil its strengths and weaknesses. Descriptive and content analyses were used in collecting data through documented texts, journal articles and other publications. The existing models proffered under the HRA were adequately reviewed and objectively criticized so that more comprehensive could be developed. The study revealed that the conceptualization of HRA, the ideas incorporated therein, and arguments are good for the accounting profession and corporate financial reporting. But the existing models yet proposed are not in a state to implement HRA practice worldwide. Hence this paper proposes...
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...European Journal of Business and Management ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online) Vol.7, No.28, 2015 www.iiste.org Impact of Firm Size on Earnings Management; A Study of Textile Sector of Pakistan Usman Ali MS Business Administration National University of Modern Languages (NUML) Islamabad, Faisalabad Campus Muhammad Afzal Noor Lecturer Department of Management Sciences National University of Modern Languages (NUML) Faisalabad Campus Muhammad Kashif Khurshid Lecturer Department of Management Sciences National University of Modern Languages (NUML) Faisalabad Campus Akhtar Mahmood MS Business Administration National University of Modern Languages (NUML) Islamabad, Faisalabad Campus Abstract The study was conducted to evaluate the impact of firm size on earnings management for the textile sector of Pakistan. For this purpose annual ten years data was obtained from 2004 to 2013 for fifty selected firms from the textile sector of Pakistan. Natural logarithm of total assets was used as the proxy of firm size. On the other hand earning management was the dependent variable of this study. Earnings management was measured through discretionary accruals by using modified Jones model. Descriptive statistics, correlation and panel data analysis was used for capturing the impact of firm size on earnings management. The statistical results of this study revealed that there is positive and significant impact of firm size on earnings management. Keywords:...
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...European Journal of Business and Management ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online) Vol 4, No.8, 2012 www.iiste.org The Role of Entrepreneurship in Economic Development: The Nigerian Perspective Dr. Mrs Ann Ogbo AGU CHIDIEBERE NWACHUKWU Dept. Of management, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus. PMB 011 *E mail of the correspondence author: annogbo@yahoo.com brightchidi@yahoo.com Abstract The aim of the paper is to develop and analyse the contributions of entrepreneurship in the economic development through SME development in Nigeria. A total of 100 SMEs were randomly selected from a cross section of a population of all SMEs spread around some states of Nigeria and covering virtually all forms of enterprise. Participants were selected through a simple random sampling. The responses to the questionnaires were complemented with personal interviews of some SMEs operators. The responses of the participants were analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS), which generated the frequency distributions, means, standard deviations, chi-square statistics, analyses of variance, etc of the responses. The hypotheses of this research which were tested at 0.05 level of significance using chi-square statistics hinged on identifying the greatest problem which SMEs face in Nigeria, the identification and ranking of the top ten problems or challenges of SMEs in Nigeria and the relationship between the form and nature of the business enterprise and its sources of funding...
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