...Research Methodology and Design 4.1 Introduction All research is based on some underlying philosophical assumptions about what constitutes 'valid' research and which research method(s) is/are appropriate for the development of knowledge in a given study. In order to conduct and evaluate any research, it is therefore important to know what these assumptions are. This chapter discusses the philosophical assumptions and also the design strategies underpinning this research study. Common philosophical assumptions were reviewed and presented; the interpretive paradigm was identified for the framework of the study. In addition, the chapter discusses the research methodologies, and design used in the study including strategies, instruments, and data collection and analysis methods, while explaining the stages and processes involved in the study. The research design for this study is a descriptive and interpretive case study that is analysed through qualitative methods. Questionnaires were used to evaluate participants’ WebCT skills (before the course starts) and to determine their levels of satisfaction in the course (at the end of the case study). A descriptive statistical method was used to analyze the student satisfaction survey. Participant observation, face-to-face interviews, focus-group interviews, questionnaires, and member checking were used as data collection methods. Furthermore, the justification for each of the data collection methods used in the study was discussed. Finally...
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...Sharon Lawrence EDU-225 June 23, 2013 Jeri Jorgenson-Zwibel Integrating Instructional Technology Education is an absolute in society to learn and to be successful in the work world. Instructional technology will give resources and processes that affect the learning capabilities of a student. Although the education of many different types of technology is apparent, the main teaching process is a combination of four main components, 1) management of the education 2) development of the education 3) resources for the education 4) and the learner to earn the education. These components are also known as educational technology, Instructional technology is a sub of educational technology. In desperate need of integrating instructional technology “points to the facts that teachers and students lack the necessary skills to access, process and use the information and the ideas” (Hannafin, 2001). “This is such a complex, integrated process involving people, procedures, ideas, devices, and organization, for analyzing problems and devising, implementing, evaluating, and managing solutions to those problems, involve in all aspects of learning” (Reiser & Ely, 1997). The need of integrating instructional technology and information is visible which can be a successful relationship that they nurture each other (Abdekraheem , 1997). Some characteristics of highly interactive and open learning systems are relevant and well designed for challenging activities of the learning environment...
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...Statement of the Problem The main purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a Computer – Assisted Instructional (CAI) material on the selected topics in Physics among the fourth year students of PHILSAGA High School Foundation, Inc, Bayugan 3, Rosario, Agusan del Sur. Specifically, the study aimed to answer the following questions: 1. How was the computer – assisted instruction on the selected topics in physics developed? 2. How did the students evaluate the CAI material according to: a. objective b. content c. delivery system d. instructional design and quality; and e. technical quality? 3. How did the teachers evaluate the CAI material according to: a. objective b. content c. delivery system d. instructional design and quality; and e. technical quality? Significance of the Study The teacher plays an important role in student’s learning. It is only when learning takes place that education exists. To be more effective is to impart effective methods on the essence of teaching, that is, for the learner noting also all-important aspects that will benefit all concerned. Thus, the researcher is convinced that the results of the study will be essential to: Curriculum Experts. This will serve as basis in planning an enriched curriculum in a way that the students can cope up with the technological needs in the society. The effectiveness of the school program also lies on the kind of curriculum it follows. School Supervisors and Administrators. The...
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...as in the case of MTB-MLE since the program formalizes the teaching of the first language (L1) or mother tongue of Grade 1 and Grade 2 pupils. Ideally, an MTB-MLE teacher should also possess a native competency level in the language he/she teaches to become a dynamic teacher. Palma (2009, 93-94) emphasized that teachers also function for ‘character...
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...Capability Domain of the U.K. Ministry of Defence Scientific Research Programme. © Human Factors Integration Defence Technology Centre 2006. The authors of this report have asserted their moral rights under the Copyright, Designs and Patents act, 1988, to be identified as the authors of this work. Reference .............................................. HFIDTC/WP2.1.5/1 Version.................................................................................2 Date................................................................. 30 April 2006 ©Human Factors Integration Defence Technology Centre 2006 HFIDTC/WP2.1.5/1 Version 2/ 30 April 2006 Authors J. Pike J. Huddlestone Cranfield University Cranfield University ii HFIDTC/WP2.1.5/1 Version 2/ 30 April 2006 Contents 1 2 2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................ 1 The e-learning development lifecycle ......................................................... 2 Instructional design perspective.......................................................................................... 2 2.1.1 Key Stages................................................................................................................ 3 2.1.2 Design and Development ......................................................................................... 8 2.2 2.3 Programme management perspective.................................................................
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...article written by de Jager, Reezigt, and Creemers (2002) titled: The effects of teacher training on new instructional behaviour in reading comprehension. The authors undertook a research study to examine the results of teacher inservicing on practical teacher behaviours. My examination systematically focuses on specific aspects of the article in terms of process and validity of research methods and results. I have attempted to develop a cohesive and unified explanation which not only expounds the particulars of the research but which also formulates a clear interpretation of that research throughout. I suggest that the size of the sample and the method of selecting subjects for the experimental groups makes the research externally invalid and thus greatly reducing generalizability to the ultimate, and perhaps even to the immediate, population. Quantitative Research Article Critique In their article, The effects of teacher training on new instructional behaviour in reading comprehension, de Jager, Reezigt, and Creemers (2002) outline a quasi-experimental research design involving three sample groups (two experimental and one control) which were drawn from an immediate population of eighty-three primary school teachers in the northern part of the Netherlands. In their introduction to the article, the authors state that “teachers need suitable instructional models that provide them with guidelines for new types of instruction and they must have access to inservice...
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...article written by de Jager, Reezigt, and Creemers (2002) titled: The effects of teacher training on new instructional behaviour in reading comprehension. The authors undertook a research study to examine the results of teacher inservicing on practical teacher behaviours. My examination systematically focuses on specific aspects of the article in terms of process and validity of research methods and results. I have attempted to develop a cohesive and unified explanation which not only expounds the particulars of the research but which also formulates a clear interpretation of that research throughout. I suggest that the size of the sample and the method of selecting subjects for the experimental groups makes the research externally invalid and thus greatly reducing generalizability to the ultimate, and perhaps even to the immediate, population. Quantitative Research Article Critique In their article, The effects of teacher training on new instructional behaviour in reading comprehension, de Jager, Reezigt, and Creemers (2002) outline a quasi-experimental research design involving three sample groups (two experimental and one control) which were drawn from an immediate population of eighty-three primary school teachers in the northern part of the Netherlands. In their introduction to the article, the authors state that “teachers need suitable instructional models that provide them with guidelines for new types of instruction and they must have access to...
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...CHAPTER 2 This chapter includes the review of related literature, review of related studies and review of other related Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI) which helped the researchers in designing and developing their own CAI that was used in this research. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE The review includes discussion of technical terms like Computer-Assisted Instruction (CAI), multimedia, and review of software packages in mathematics, studies on development, evaluation and validation of CAI materials. Instruction and Learning Instruction is the arrangement of information and environment to facilitate learning. By environment, we mean not only where instruction takes place but also the methods, media and equipment needed to convey information and guide the learner’s study. Information and environment can be arranged on a continuum from very formal to very informal. The relationship between information and environment can change depending on the instructional goal. The arrangement of information and the environment is normally the responsibility of the instructor and the designers of media. The choice of the strategy of instruction determines the environment (the methods, media, equipment and facilities) and how the information is assembled and used. The method can range from teacher control to learner control. Learning is the development of new knowledge, skills, or attitudes when the individual interacts with information and environment. Learning takes place...
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...STAFFING MANAGEMENT INSTRUCTOR’S MANUAL Four Recruitment and Retention Case Scenarios By Marcia R. Gibson, Ed.D. Project team Author: SHRM Project contributors: External contributor: Editor: Design: Marcia R. Gibson, Ed.D. Nancy A. Woolever, SPHR Sharon H. Leonard Courtney J. Cornelius, copy editor Kellyn Lombardi, graphic designer © 2008 Society for Human Resource Management. Marcia R. Gibson, Ed.D. Note to Hr faculty and instructors: SHRM cases and modules are intended for use in HR classrooms at universities. Teaching notes are included with each. While our current intent is to make the materials available without charge, we reserve the right to impose charges should we deem it necessary to support the program. However, currently, these resources are available free of charge to all. Please duplicate only the number of copies needed, one for each student in the class. For more information, please contact: SHRM Academic Initiatives 1800 Duke Street, Alexandria, VA 22314, USA Phone: (800) 283-7476 Fax: (703) 535-6432 Web: www.shrm.org/hreducation 08-0873-IM Introduction These recruitment and retention case scenarios are designed to be presented sequentially, since each scenario builds upon the previous one. They are intended for undergraduate college students. LearNING oBjectIVeS Students will learn to: Determine recruitment needs. Identify recruitment policies and guidelines. Determine a recruitment strategy. Develop a communication plan to implement...
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...Department or Graduate Program Director ________________________________________________ Dean of Faculty Date ________________________________________________ Abstract Online Collaborative Learning for High School Students Using a Blended Approach for the Promotion of Self-Monitoring Skills Sharon Peters While online learning environments have become common at the post-secondary level of academia, teachers of high schools have not yet adopted the online environment as an alternative and supplementary environment to augment the learning which takes place the classroom. Given the greater stability of computer network labs and ubiquity of home computers, many schools may begin to consider this option. In this Action Research study, this teacher explored a...
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...Abstract—Algorithms are commonly perceived as a difficult subject, which is quite an irony as they have a fundamental role in computer science. Failure to master this subject will inhibit students’ capabilities as they advance to higher levels. Algorithm visualization, as an effort to overcome the problem, has been growing towards gameful visualization recently that is presumed to be able to engage learners longer and more intensely. However, integrating algorithm visualization, game elements, and instructional design is not a trivial task as it requires a careful design. Hence, a conceptual model of how algorithm learning instructions, algorithm visualization, and gamification improve learning outcomes was developed. While instructional design...
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...perceptions of instructional leadership, teacher practice, and student learning, evaluates a school district’s model of professional development that is specifically geared towards improving school administrators' instructional leadership skills and teacher practices with the intention of positively impacting student learning. The model for professional development used was a formative assessment of administrator and teacher practices. Throughout the study Avery (2014) used a survey instrument that measured professional learning standards. The study was quantitative. There were 281 participants in the study. Avery’s (2014) research study included descriptive...
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...CUSTOMIZING ONLINE INFORMATION: HOW LEARNING STYLE, CONTENT DELIVERY AND PRE-INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGY AFFECT RECALL AND SATISFACTION DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Lenny J. Cooper, M.A. ****** The Ohio State University 2005 Dissertation Committee: Professor Matt Eastin, Adviser Professor Prabu David Professor Thomas McCain Approved by _____________________ Adviser Communication Graduate Program UMI Number: 3177152 UMI Microform 3177152 Copyright 2005 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346 ABSTRACT How people understand and learn information is changing due to an increased reliance on technology. The Internet is creating a complex environment where the lines between media and information are blurring. This switch can be seen in mass media, classroom learning applications and the work environment. Along with this reliance on technology comes access to an almost unlimited amount of information presented in a multitude of ways. This presentation can be overwhelming to information seekers and online learners alike. By taking advantage of the inherent properties of new media, namely the ability to present...
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...COMPARISON AND CONTRAST OF THE PRIMARY FOCUS, METHODS & TOOLS OF INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN, CURRICULUM DESIGN, & PROGRAM EVALUATION ADDIE model: ADDIE is an effective tool used by instructors to design and develop instruction material. It is very famous tool adapted by many instructors because of its flexibility as it can be modified as and whenever required by the instructor. This model was developed in 1970 for U.S army for educational technology by Florida State University’s Center. It’s a systematic model for instruction comprising of five phases: 1) Analysis 2) Design 3) Development 4) Implementation 5) Evaluation Phases of ADDIE: 1) Analysis: During the analysis phase, the learner’s goals, objectives and learning problems are identified by the instructor. The learning environment, modes of imparting the knowledge and any other constrain are also observed by the instructor. 2) Design: This is the next sequential stage in the ADDIE model where a blue print or prototype of the learning material is made catering to the needs of the learner. A detailed systematic design is created for the user here. 3) Development: Actual creation of the learning material It could be an integration of various tools and technologies. Developing the procedure for the maximum learning outcome is focused on this phase. 4) Implementation: The designed plan is put into action in this phase for the learner by imparting knowledge through the planned tools and activities. 5) Evaluation:...
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...a mathematical world. Whenever we decide on a purchase, choose an insurance or health plan, or use a spreadsheet, we rely on mathematical understanding. The World Wide Web, CD-ROMs, and other media disseminate vast quantities of quantitative information. The level of mathematical thinking and problem solving needed in the workplace has increased dramatically. In such a world, those who understand and can do mathematics will have opportunities that others do not. Mathematical competence opens doors to productive futures. A lack of mathematical competence closes those doors. Students have different abilities, needs, and interests. Yet everyone needs to be able to use mathematics in his or her personal life, in the workplace, and in further study. All students deserve an opportunity to understand the power and beauty of mathematics. Students need to learn a new set of mathematics basics that enable them to compute fluently and to solve problems creatively and resourcefully. It has been long time to discover the importance of Mathematics in our...
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