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3d Printing in the Medical Industry

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3D-Printing is a relatively new technology that is quickly gaining ground. Its spread is aided by the emersion of a multitude of new applications. While there is a wide array of different fields that show great promise for adopting uses for this technology, the medical industry is one of the most impressive and, arguably, important. In many cases 3D-printing can revolutionize the way things are done in medicine and healthcare, while in others it provides new capabilities that were not at all possible in the past.
Applications in the Medical Industry
Embryonic Stem Cells
“In a new study, researchers from Heriot-Watt University in Edinburgh have created a cell printer that spits out living embryonic stem cells” (Lewis, 2013). Human embryonic stem cells are cells derived from embryos that have not yet “transformed” into a specific cell type but can do so under certain conditions. This characteristic makes them an effective tool in restoring or repairing damaged organs, tissue or cells. Furthermore, they can be used to print human tissue will be used to test new drugs, reducing the need to rely on animal trials and also limit human testing.
Printing Human Skin
3D-Printing can be used to print skin directly on top of wounds that would otherwise require transplanting skin, as is usually the case with burn victims. Additionally, since the skin is made easier to produce, this application can be used more liberally than skin grafting for non-critical operations such as cosmetic surgery (Koebler, 2014).
Studying Cancer
“Medical research is only as good as the model, whether you’re using one animal to stand in for another, or creating in vitro replicas of tissue and organs” (Hoopes, 2014). Printing actual cancer cells which are able to develop in three dimensions is a far more effective tool to experiment on. Furthermore, researchers can study how cancer cells tend to grow and more importantly what are the most effective ways to stunt their growth and eventually eliminate them.
Printing Organ Models
Scrot, Pietila and Sahu (2014) note the effectiveness of printing a three-dimensional model of a patient’s heart to study their unique defects. They mention that when doctors are able to interact with a tangible model rather than a computer projection they can hone in the best treatment to follow much more effectively (Schrot, Pietila, & Sahu, 2014).
Printing Actual Human Organs
Organovo is a company that designs functional human tissues. They try to develop a variety of tissue and disease models which can be used for research purposes but can also have real-world therapeutic applications. While this aspect is still in its infancy it shows great promise. Moreover, the printing of functional human organs provides the potential to open up a market where patients can purchase replacement organs, while also reducing the need for donations (organovo.com).
The list of applications provided is far from inclusive but tries to show the potential that 3D-printing has on the medical industry. Besides enhancing current medical applications it might open new aspects to the market, like trading human organs. Finally, it could further impact the industry when different applications can be effectively combined. After all the human body is not simply the sum of its parts.
References
Honigman, B. (n.d.). 7 Biggest Innovations in Health Care Technology in 2014. Retrieved from http://getreferralmd.com/2013/11/health-care-technology-innovations-2013-infographic/
Hoopes, H. (2014, April 28). 3D-printed living tumors make a better model for cancer research. Retrieved from http://www.gizmag.com/3d-printed-living-tumors/31815/
Koebler, J. (2014, July 12). The Army's Bioprinted Skin Is Almost Ready to Be Used on Soldiers. Retrieved from http://motherboard.vice.com/read/the-armys-bioprinted-skin-is-almost-ready-to-be-used-on-soldiers
Lewis, T. (2013, February 5). 3D-Printed Embryonic Stem Cells Created | Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine. Retrieved from http://www.livescience.com/26865-3d-printed-embryonic-stem-cells.html
Schrot, J., Pietila, T., & Sahu, A. (2014). State of the art: 3D printing for creating compliant patient-specific congenital heart defect models. Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, 16(1). doi:10.1186/1532-429X-16-S1-W19
Structurally and functionally accurate bioprinted human tissue models | Organovo. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.organovo.com

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