...Guide to Linux+ (2nd Edition) ISBN 0-619-21621-2 End of Chapter Solutions Chapter 1 Solutions Review Questions 1. Every computer consists of physical components and logical components. The logical components of a computer that understand how to work with the physical components are referred to as: a. hardware b. records c. software d. processors Answer: c 2. The operating system software is necessary for a computer to function. True or False? Answer: True 3. Linux is a ___________ and ___________ operating system. a. production, stable b. multiuser, multitasking c. processing, operating d. large, useful Answer: b 4. The core component of the Linux operating system is the Linux kernel. If you were a Linux systems administrator for a company, when would you need to upgrade your Linux kernel? (Choose all that apply.) a. when you need to have support in Linux for new hardware b. when you need another user interface c. when you need to increase the stability of Linux d. when you need to use kernel modules Answer: a, c 5. Which of the following kernels are developmental kernels? (Choose all that apply.) a. 2.3.4 b. 2.5.5 c. 2.2.7 d. 2.4.4 Answer: a, b 6. A production kernel refers to a kernel whose: a. revision number is even b. minor number is odd ...
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...Guide to Linux+ (2nd Edition) ISBN 0-619-21621-2 End of Chapter Solutions Chapter 1 Solutions Review Questions 1. Every computer consists of physical components and logical components. The logical components of a computer that understand how to work with the physical components are referred to as: a. hardware b. records c. software d. processors Answer: c 2. The operating system software is necessary for a computer to function. True or False? Answer: True 3. Linux is a ___________ and ___________ operating system. a. production, stable b. multiuser, multitasking c. processing, operating d. large, useful Answer: b 4. The core component of the Linux operating system is the Linux kernel. If you were a Linux systems administrator for a company, when would you need to upgrade your Linux kernel? (Choose all that apply.) a. when you need to have support in Linux for new hardware b. when you need another user interface c. when you need to increase the stability of Linux d. when you need to use kernel modules Answer: a, c 5. Which of the following kernels are developmental kernels? (Choose all that apply.) a. 2.3.4 b. 2.5.5 c. 2.2.7 d. 2.4.4 Answer: a, b 6. A production kernel refers to a kernel whose: a. revision number is even b. minor number is odd ...
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...The use of Linux Server in the business arena has shown new life, due to the scalability and stability of the system and the support it has for other operations as well as the stability of the system and can breathe new life to old systems that no longer are functioning properly with Window applications. Another benefit of Linux is that it is open source and gives each business has the ability to structure or tailor the code to their specific applications. Linux also is not weighted down with license fees or restrictions. Linux overall is a system that is community supported and based not corporation based, which makes the help and support easier to obtain in a matter of minutes and not hours based upon the working hours of a major corporation such as Microsoft. And as all know, 99.99999% of issues always happen or are discovered during the off hours of work. With Linux being run as a server, it can be run without the video requirements that are needed with GUI interfaces. In this aspect, energy can be saved due to the processor not having to work overtime to refresh the pages for every GUI change. Also with Linux, you are not restricted to wait on Microsoft for bug fixes or patches for vulnerabilities. A corporate business can hire in-house Linux programmers, code writers, security personnel and administrators to handle the specific needs of the company, and not rely on outside sources for the support that they are in need of. To maintain stability in a Linux server environment...
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...Project UNIX and Linux Advantages UNIX has been the cornerstone for infrastructure for the past decade with popular flavors such as Solaris (Craig, 2012). UNIX is a proprietary brand typically run in large organizational infrastructure. However, many of the UNIX variants are open source that allow users to customize their distribution as they see fit and making copies to install in an unlimited number of machines. UNIX offers a highly stable operating system (OS) that is ideal for full multitasking capabilities while protecting memory to prevent interference with other users. The stability provides greater uptime for increased productivity and less downtime for crash recovery and troubleshooting (Montpelier Open Source, n.d.). UNIX has been the baseline for Internet services and growth where machines on network can operate as clients and servers. Linux is a variant of UNIX and has established itself in the desktop, workstation, and increasingly in the server environments. A key benefit for Linux is the scope of freedom of distributions (distros) that provide many applications, freeware, and add-ons (Stanford University, 2004). Linux is extremely portability to a wide range of new and old machines. The majority of Linux variants are available free or at an economical price compared to Microsoft Windows. Linux is a very secure operating system and although it still can be prone to attacks, it inherently is more secure than Windows. Another huge benefit is the reliability...
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...function. Time-sharing operating systems schedule tasks for efficient use of the system and may also include accounting software for cost allocation of processor time, mass storage, printing, and other resources. For hardware functions such as input and output and memory allocation, the operating system acts as an intermediary between programs and the computer hardware, although the application code is usually executed directly by the hardware and frequently makes a system call to an OS function or be interrupted by it. Operating systems can be found on many devices that contain a computer—from cellular phones and video game consoles to supercomputers and web servers. Examples of popular modern operating systems include Android, BSD, iOS, Linux, OS X, QNX, Microsoft Windows, Windows Phone, and IBM z/OS.. History 1. Windows - The first Windows system was released in 1985. Originally, it was just a graphical user interface on top of MS-DOS – a state of affairs that lasted until the release of Windows 95, when MS-DOS products were integrated into Windows. Windows 95 was a huge departure from the previous systems and was the first major step in Window’s transition from GUI to operating system. 2. Apple - The Apple Macintosh system is a little older than Windows, having first been released in 1984. From the start, it was an entirely graphical operating system, and from quite an early stage became popular among the earliest computer graphic designers. In 2005, Apple changed the...
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...4/5/2016 Intel® Celeron® Processor 877 (2M Cache, 1.40 GHz) Specifications Intel® Celeron® Processor 877 (2M Cache, 1.40 GHz) Specifications - Essentials Status Launched Launch Date Q2'12 Processor Number 877 L3 Cache 2 MB DMI 5 GT/s Instruction Set 64-bit Instruction Set Extensions SSE4.x Embedded Options Available No Lithography 32 nm Recommended Customer Price N/A Datasheet Link - Performance # of Cores 2 # of Threads 2 Processor Base Frequency 1.4 GHz TDP 17 W - Memory Specifications Max Memory Size (dependent on memory type) 16 GB Memory Types DDR3 1066/1333 Max # of Memory Channels 2 Max Memory Bandwidth 21.3 GB/s ECC Memory Supported ‡ No - Graphics Specifications Processor Graphics ‡ Intel® HD Graphics Graphics Base Frequency 350 MHz Graphics Max Dynamic Frequency 1 GHz Graphics Output eDP/DP/HDMI/SDVO/CRT Intel® Quick Sync Video No Intel® InTru™ 3D Technology No Intel® Insider™ No http://ark.intel.com/products/67192/IntelCeleronProcessor8772MCache1_40GHz 1/5 4/5/2016 Intel® Celeron® Processor 877 (2M Cache, 1.40 GHz) Specifications Intel® Wireless Display No Intel® Flexible Display Interface (Intel® FDI) Yes Intel® Clear Video HD Technology No Intel® Clear Video Technology No # of Displays Supported ‡ 2 - Expansion Options PCI Express Revision ...
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...vSphere 5 Key Features and Benefits Comparison KEY FEATURES AND BENEFITS VSPHERE 5 ENTERPRISE PLUS WINDOWS SERVER 2008 MICROSOFT HYPER-V R2 SP1 CITRIX XENSERVER 5.6 SP2 RED HAT ENTERPRISE VIRTUALIZATION 2.2 Infrastructure Services: Virtualize and Aggregate Hardware Resources VMware vSphere™ infrastructure services transform discrete hardware resources into a shared mainframe-like computing platform that is incredibly resilient and capable of running the most demanding applications with near-native performance. VMware Compute: Infrastructure services that efficiently virtualize server resources and aggregate them into logical pools that can precisely be allocated to applications. VMware ESXi - virtualize server resources comprehensively • Bare-metal architecture VMware ESXi inserts a robust virtualization layer directly on the server hardware for near-native virtual machine performance, reliability and scalability. 3 Yes, but Hyper-V requires Windows Server 2008. The stand-alone Hyper-V Server R2 requires a large portion of Windows Server 2008 Yes, but XenServer requires a Linux OS in the Domain 0 management partition No, RHEV requires a Red Hat Enterprise Linux host OS • Small footprint. VMware ESXi is a compact, 144MB hypervisor. It is a fraction of the size of a general purpose operating system for unparalleled security and reliability. 3 No Microsoft Hyper-V R2 SP1 with Server Core has a 3.6 GB footprint No XenServer 5.6 including its Linux Dom 0 ...
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...Linux Operating System Mark Stansbery POS/355 Alicia Pearlman May 5, 2012 Linux is an operating system just like Windows, and MAC OS, but more along the same lines of the UNIX operating system, because they have some of the same features. Out of the three most popular operating systems, Linux is surprisingly enough is the least popular. It is growing in popularity as more and more systems start to use it, but it still has a long way to go. The information that follows will give some of the history behind Linux and the features, benefits, and drawbacks to the system. In 1986, Linus Torvalds began to learn, quite extensively, hardware programming to help him with his Sinclair computer. He developed a floppy controller driver as well as a programming tool to help him with his efforts to better understand and improve the performance of his machine. In 1991, Torvalds got his first 386-Intel based PC, which ran a version of UNIX called Minix. Minix was developed as a learning system and was very popular in the universities. Torvalds found out very quickly that he did not like the Terminal emulator that was provided, and since the source code for Minix was open source, he began a project to develop his own code to design an improved emulator that provided more functions especially on a hardware level. As he further developed the code and more functionality was added Torvalds decided that his design was more on the lines of an operating system instead of just a utility...
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...|Introduction to Operational Systems | | |Wk 1 June 10 | | |Wk 2 June 17 | | |Wk 3 June 24 | | |Wk 4 July 01 | | |Wk 5 July 08 | Copyright © 2012, 2010, 2009, 2008, 2007, 2006, 2005, 2004, 2003 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course provides an introduction to operating systems. Topics covered include operating system concepts, program execution, and operating system internals such as memory, processor, device, and file management. A variety of operating systems...
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...enterprise LinuX subscription Guide subscription Guide Table of ConTenTs Introduction How IT organizations benefit from subscriptions What is included in your Red Hat subscription? Support for the production environment Subscription packaging model Assembling your subscription order Sample worksheet 1: Provisioning physical servers Sample worksheet 2: Adding guests to a virtual environment Sample worksheet 3: Setting up a virtual environment Subscription scenarios and recommendations Physical production environment Sample worksheet 4: Setting up a physical, mission-critical production environment Virtual production environment Sample worksheet 5: Calculating subscriptions for guests Sample worksheet 6: Calculating subscriptions for Red Hat Enterprise Linux on virtual environments Open hybrid cloud Sample worksheet 7: Calculating subscriptions for a private cloud Public cloud access subscriptions Sample worksheet 8: Calculating subscriptions for a public cloud Disaster recovery Development environment Desktops and workstations Managing subscriptions Renewing subscriptions Subscription terms facebook.com/redhatinc @redhatnews linkedin.com/company/red-hat 2 3 3 5 6 8 9 9 9 10 10 11 11 12 13 13 14 14 14 14 15 15 16 17 17 redhat.com System coverage Support services levels Proper use of subscriptions and services Next steps Registering on the Red Hat Customer Portal Activating subscriptions Downloading software Entitling subscriptions Red Hat Enterprise Linux products ...
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...Important Features of Linux 1. Many free iterations. Many of them to choose from with all of their own benefits 2. Highly customizable. Many of these Linux distributions can be set up like other existing operating systems to set your own level of comfort if you should so desire 3. Many free applications. Many different applications to choose from that are open source so that means free applications that work like other existing applications so you can not have to worry about having a program that isn’t compatible with Linux. 4. Secure. The Ubuntu desktop version specifically has a built in firewall that will protect your files and comes with virus protection as well. There isn’t many viruses out there for Linux to start with compared to the other operating systems. 5. Scalability. Linux can run on a wider range of hardware and is very fast in the way it works with your current hardware. If it doesn’t already work with I/O devices, there is easily a way to download signed or unsigned drivers to get it to work most of the time. You could even use your old computer as a file server or backup server by installing Linux to run it that way. 6. I/O Compatibility. Linux also works with a range of devices from mp3 players to printers and the drivers are easily installed automatically not to mention compatible with certain Microsoft software products as well, all for free! 7. Open Source. As I have stated before all of the source code is freely available to code...
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...Table of contents 1. Introduction 2. Adoption cycle 3. Desktop environments 4. Year of desktop linux 5. Hardware support 6. Connectivity with windows 7. Linux distribution 8. Application 9. Performance 10. Market adoption 11. Education 12. Future of desktop linux 13. Conclusion Introduction “Bill Gates was the first to realize the power of ‘good enough.’ We don’t have to offer the perfect desktop environment, just one that’s good enough for most people.” [pic] Desktop Linux, also called Linux on the desktop, refers to specialized Linux distributions with features designed for desktop personal computer users. These features include a graphical user interface and personal use applications. Some Linux distributions have targeted the desktop role specifically, while others include all the software available for the platform. In that case, the user will be given the choice to select either a "desktop" or "server" type when the operating system is installed. THE ADOPTION CYCLE Looking back Many technologies have enjoyed widespread success when a new application was released that allowed the benefits of the new technology to fully demonstrate themselves. The Macintosh computer, for instance, started gaining momentum with the release of Adobe Pagemaker and the postscript printer, creating the desktop publishing industry. Likewise, the Internet was used only in academic and technical circles...
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...Homework Assignment 1.1 1. List the number and name of each runlevel as used by Fedora/Red Hat Linux Provide a brief explanation of each runlevel. ID | Name | Description | 0 | Halt | Shuts down the system. | 1 | Single-user Mode | Mode for administrative tasks. | 2 | Multi-user Mode | Does not configure network interfaces and does not export networks services. | 3 | Multi-user Mode with Networking | Starts the system normally. | 4 | Not used/User-definable | For special purposes. | 5 | Start the system normally with appropriate display manager. ( with GUI ) | As runlevel 3 + display manager. | 6 | Reboot | Reboots the system. | 2. Which two runlevel should never be set as the default? 0 (HALT) and 6 (reboot) should never be set as default. 3. What script contains the default runlevel? /etc/rc <tab> 4. The init scripts for each runlevel are contained in which directory tree? Check /etc/inittab 5. What would you name the link to an init script that would start the fictitious bigd daemon early in the boot process? Open /etc/rc.local and write the script to run at boot time. 6. What would you name the link to kill the same daemon? Kill -9 <pid> 7. How would you use the service command to manually kill the bigd daemon? Kill -9 <pid /// You can get through ps for service> 8. How would use chkconfig to set the bigd daemon to start at runlevel 2 and 3? chkconfig bigd --level 23 on 9. How would you use...
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...sure you label each section accordingly and answer all the questions. For this lab it is recommended that you review the Demo Lab presentations in the Unit 1 and Unit 2 Learning Space. Click the PRACTICE link > DEMO LAB > then click the hyperlink to launch the demonstration. Part # 1 Install a Core Linux Operating System on a Server Learning Objectives and Outcomes Upon completing this lab, students should know more about the following tasks: * Install a base Linux operating system using a Fedora core Linux server for production use on the VM server farm * Create secured partitions within the core Linux server for desired security hardening, performance, and application support * Enable a network time server during installation to maintain a synchronized time setting throughout the system * Set a hostname that is descriptive of the role of the server to maintain standard and concise naming conventions during installation * Create a non-privileged user account for system administration access as a secure alternative to logging in as root user Overview In this lab the students will see how to install and partition a Fedora Core Linux Server. The installation process, applying passwords, creating partitions, and system administrator access controls will be part of the operating system configuration requirements. The demonstration will show how to use the terminal or terminal emulator for command line configurations and implementation. ...
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...Open source and closed source operating systems Dennys Bayona Yevgeniy Tovshteyn University Of Phoenix Computer and Operating System Components Date: 5-May-15 Closed-source operating systems are systems that are owned by an organisation and sold for a profit to its customers. The OS systems uses codes that are proprietary and kept secret to prevent its use by other identities. While open-source operating systems employs the use of code that is freely distributed to every other user thus available for everyone to use, besides can be used for commercial purposes without any problem. The two type of operating systems can be differentiated in respect to the following factors. 1. Bug Free and Source Availability Closed Source Operating Systems don't reveal their source code; as a result the only people who can debug the source code are some of those who work in the company. The budget for the debugging is always limited. If there is a vulnerability in the code, it must be discovered by the company itself (Anderson, 2002); because there are a limited number of developers assigned to the project, it is possible that the vulnerability will go unnoticed. Open Source systems, as the name indicate, make all their source code available to the public. Everyone who knows enough programming skills, and is willing to read the source code, can debug it. In fact, this makes the debuggers numerous and worldwide. They read the source and debug it for their own reasons: maybe to help...
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