...2010) ISSN: 1520-5509 Clarion University of Pennsylvania, Clarion, Pennsylvania FINANCIAL LITERACY AND FINANCIAL DECISION MAKING CAPACITY: THE GENDER BALANCE ISSUE Ebiringa, O. T. and Okorafor, E.O. Department of Management Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria ABSTRACT This paper investigates the extent to which age, level of education, nature of work and experience affects the financial literacy levels of Master of Business Administration students of Federal University of Technology, Owerri Nigeria. It equally assesses the extent to which gender difference discriminates in financial decision making, as there seems to be inconclusive notion that female students are better at financial decision making than their male counterpart. Students who took a three credit hours course in Financial Economics during the 2009/2010 academic session as well as participated in a financial literacy capacity program jointly organized by GTBank Plc and SIFE a part of the continuous assessment for the course constituted the study population. Quota and simple random sampling was adopted in the selection of 165 respondents whose responses provided the primary data used for analysis. Correlation coefficients and linear regression tools were adopted for analysis. The conclusion of the study based on results obtained is that gender difference though having inverse correlation with financial literacy level is not a significant predictor of financial literacy level, implying that...
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...Sexism in the Political Arena: How Gender Alters Political Representation Sarah Moore University of Pittsburgh Abstract: This paper explores the topics of sexism in politics- more specifically, how the underrepresentation of women has resulted both from differences in the genders (internal/psychological variances), and also circumstances that exist in the current political climate. It is important to note that there are two different sources of this problem, if not more. Internal characteristics that lead to the underrepresentation of women include how they perceive their environment compared to men, the fact that women believe they are less qualified than men, and that they are less competitive in a political environment than their male counterparts. In the external sphere, this paper examines how the facts that women partake in more household activities than their male spouses do and that they are less likely to receive political nominations from any of their peers affects their likelihood of campaigning for office. Sexism in the Political Arena: How Gender Alters Political Representation Since the birth of the American political system in 1789, the question of representation has always been one of the most significant topics in political discourse. This According to Gail Baitinger, Jennifer Lawless, and Richard Fox, “when the 111th Congress convened in January 2009, 83% of its members were men. Men occupy the governor’s...
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...School Health (DASH) under contract #200-2002-00800 with ETR Associates. Suggested Citation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The association between school-based physical activity, including physical education, and academic performance. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2010. TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary . 5 Introduction . 8 Methods 10 Conceptual Definitions . 10 Inclusion Criteria . 10 Identification of Studies that Met the Inclusion Criteria . 11 Classification of Studies . 11 Study Coding Process . 12 Data Analysis . 13 Results . 14 School-Based Physical Education Studies . 16 Recess Studies . 19 Classroom Physical Activity Studies . 21 Extracurricular Physical Activity Studies . 24 28 Summary . Overall Findings . 28 Findings for Physical Activity by Context . 29 Findings by Gender, Other Demographic Characteristics, and Research Design . 30 Strengths and Limitations of Review . 30 Implications for Future Research or Evaluation . 31 Implications for Schools . 32 References . 34 Appendices . 39 Appendix A: Database Search Terms . 39 Appendix B: Coding Sheet...
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...Describe and evaluate the evolutionary explanation of gender roles (8+16) One way in which the evolutionary theory can explain how gender roles differ can be explained by mate choice. Men tend to look for women with small waists and bigger hips as it shows fertility. They also look for signs of healthiness such as smooth skin, glossy hair, and red lips. Women also seek signs of healthiness and youth but are more concerned in looking for a male that is able to provide resources for them. This can explain why women take care of themselves more and try to make themselves look as youthful as possible, whereas men promote themselves as successful and hardworking. By both genders adopting these roles, individuals are attracting partners that will increase the survival of their offspring and increase reproductive success. A study to support this idea of mate choice being related to evolutionary advantages was carried out by Singh (1993). In a series of studies done by Singh, men used waist to hip ratio (WHR) and fat distribution to determine a woman’s attractiveness. In his first study, men were shown a series of 12 drawings of women with various WHR’s and body fat distribution. Drawings with normal body fat distribution and a moderate WHR were associated with the most positive traits (i.e. attractive, sexy, intelligent and healthy). The drawings with the low WHR were not associated with any positive traits except youthfulness. Singh found that men have a preference for women with...
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...Is it suitable for Multicultural Organizations to inherit the assumption that Work Life Balance Policies are Gender Neutral? Introduction Definition Work Life Balance is not a homogenous concept, and not amenable for precise definition as different people interpret WLB differently; the ideal ‘balance’ can vary at stages of the life cycle (Chandra, V., 2012). Experts within the field have faced difficulties in trying to define the concept, regardless of the wealth existing literature on the subject. WLB policies have been defined as ‘those that enhance the autonomy of workers in the process of coordinating and integrating work and non work aspects of their lives (Felstead et al, 2002). From an employees perspectives it is the maintenance of a balance between work and family responsibilities. This definition allows for a wide range of policies to be included under the guise of WLB initiatives. WLB policies in an organizational setting include, but are not limited to, flexible working arrangements, child and dependent care and family and parental leave (Bardoel, 1998). Importance Many Human Resource Professionals, employers associations, government departments, trade unions, academics and voluntary organizations around the world are currently debating and often enacting, policies and practices designed to promote work life balance (Fleetwood, S., 2007). The effective management of WLB is an issue increasingly recognized as of strategic importance to organizations...
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...archive of this journal is available at www.emeraldinsight.com/1756-6266.htm Situating the subject: gender and entrepreneurship in international contexts Fidelma Ashe University of Ulster, Newtownabbey, UK, and Gender and entrepreneurship 185 Lorna Treanor Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK Abstract Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to offer a perspective to further the understanding of gender entrepreneurship. This paper considers the situatedness of the gendered entrepreneur within diverse international contexts marked by different constitutions of gender identities and networks of power, both within the context of contributions within this special issue but also more broadly within the field of gender and entrepreneurship research. Design/methodology/approach – The authors adopt a feminist perspective and analyse the different framings of identity within gender and entrepreneurship literature and their contributions to our understandings of the concepts of both power and gendered identities. Findings – The paper finds that power and identity are configured in different contexts in ways that open arenas for future analysis. Originality/value – The paper highlights the importance of considering masculinities within gender and entrepreneurship research offering support for further analyses of entrepreneurial masculinities by examining two studies that expose entrepreneurial masculinities as shifting subjectivities influenced by men’s social power...
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...GENDER ANALYSIS OF ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AMONG HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS Thesis Submitted to the University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the DEGREE OF MASTER OF HOME SCIENCE In HUMAN DEVELOPMENT By NUTHANAP.G. DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT COLLEGE OF RURAL HOME SCIENCE, DHARWAD UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, DHARWAD-580005 JULY,2007 ADVISORY COMMITTEE DHARWAD JULY,2007 (GANGA YENAGI) MAJOR ADVISOR Approved by: Chairman:_______________________ (GANGA YENAGI) Members:1.______________________ (PUSHPA KHADI) 2.______________________ (SHOBHA NAGNUR) 3.______________________ (ASHALATHA K.V.) CONTENTS Sl. No. 1 2 INTRODUCTION REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2.1. Academic achievement 2.2. Factors influencing Academic achievement 3 METHODOLOGY 3.1. Population and the sample 3.2. Research Design 3.3. Variables used for the study 3.4. Tools used for data collection 3.5. Data collection procedure 3.6. Operational definition and terminologies 3.7. Statistical analysis 4 RESULTS 4.1. Demographic characteristics of the students and parents 4.2. Study habit of boys and girls 4.3. Self-concept of boys and girls 4.4. Socio-economic status of boys and girls 4.5. Rural/urban comparison of study habits, self-concept and socio economic status 4.6. Gender, locale and academic achievement 5 DISCUSSION 5.1. Study habits of boys and girls 5.2. Self-concept of boys and girls 5.3. Socio economic status of boys and girls 5.4. Comparison...
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...governments and policy due to the remarkable contributions that it brings to the nation. In Africa even though there seems to be a concerted effort by various governments to improve on education at all levels, there is gender inequality in access to education at all levels of the academic ladder. Gender inequality in access to education continues to receive considerable attention worldwide and many developing counties. Ghana is no exception and the situation affects national development and also limits opportunities for women especially in enjoying higher job prospects in the country. At the 1990 World Conference on Education for All in Jomtien, Thailand, particular emphasis was placed on female education not only as a fundamental right, but also as an important means for economic and social development (UNESCO, 2003). Undeniably, education has been viewed by many as central to the achievement of greater equality in society, including between men and women. This notwithstanding, the lack of education has been viewed as a major obstacle to women employment and development in society. Moreover, a report by the Education for All Global Monitoring which was undertaken in 2003/04 (UNESCO 2004) suggest that, in general sub-Saharan Africa has low enrolment rates and strong gender disparities and inequalities as out of the 77 million children who were not enrolled in either primary or secondary worldwide in...
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...Amy Cianflone, 400003075, HLTH AGE 1AA3 Annotated Bibliography Research Question: How can we account for the fact that women’s bodies have been medicalized more so than men’s bodies? Martin, E. (2001). The Woman In Th2e Body: A Cultural Analysis of Reproduction. Beacon Press, 1(5), 4-21. * Main argument is that regardless the shape, size or ethnicity of a woman, they all generally remain the same physically and biologically, therefore can be defined as one unique population, women. * Interviews have been done with a wide-range of different women to analyze certain aspects of the female anatomy in terms of pre-reproduction and post; these women were asked about menstruation, birth, contraceptive methods, menopause, and so on. * Demonstrates how “she may well experience what is in effect as taboo on the development of her human capacities.” (p. 21). This demonstrates how the science behind medicalization can be harsh, impersonal and certainty objective towards the female body. Conrad, P. (2007). The Medicalization of Society: On the Transformation of Human Conditions into Treatable Disorders. The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2(1), 23-27 * Male medicalization is focused upon certain aspects such as andropause, baldness, and sexual performance such erectile dysfunction. Since the market of sexual enhancers such as Viagara (sildenafil citrate), medicalization has definitely taken charge. * Women have been the primary target in medicalization...
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...Journal of Emerging Trends in Educational Research and Policy Studies (JETERAPS) 1 (2): 50-54 Journal of Emerging Trends in Educational Research and Policy Studies (JETERAPS) 1 (2): 50-54 © Scholarlink Research Institute Journals, 2010 jeteraps.scholarlinkresearch.org Empowering Female Youth for Leadership through Higher Education in Nigeria 1 Adegun Olajire Adeola and 2Akomolafe Comfort Olufunke 2 Institute of Education, University of Ado Ekiti. Department of Educational Foundations and Management, University of Ado Ekiti. 1 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract The contributions of females in the home, workplace, community participation, community management cannot be overlooked. Despite these, female’s access to Leadership position has been observed to be limited in the political arena, economy, employment and policy positions due to low level of education. This situation calls for higher education for females due to possible direct relationship between female youth’s educational levels and their participation in the labour force. The Nigerian society cannot afford not to have females in leadership positions. The activities of females in management positions in the country presently has convinced all that if more Nigerian female youths are given the right type of education, greater participation among females will emerge in the future. It is in this context that this paper discussed...
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...research is to identify and study the main factors that Affecting on customer brand loyalty in FMCG sector in Egypt. Design/Methodology/Approach- 26 variables have been explored using literature reviews and exploratory survey of consumers from different income levels, different lifestyle. Data obtained from the reliable sources (e.g. press releases, Science Direct site, Wikipedia) have been used to study the main factors that Affecting on customer brand loyalty in FMCG sector in Egypt. Findings- Based on literature reviews and exploratory surveys, the key determinants impacting consumer’s product...
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...Alcoholism; A social insight Alcohol has been present in the history and culture of mankind since the beginning of times. Used in religious activities and ceremonies, the concept of alcohol has historically been portrayed as beneficial for its analgesic, antiseptic and medicinal properties. However alcohol consumption, with the use of media has been transformed into an element in our society that is present everywhere and its abuse is such that, is the third leading cause of death in America. There are approximately 80,000 deaths attributable to excessive alcohol use each year in the United States. Alcohol along with tobacco has become the most legal used drugs in the world. About 65% of American adults claim to drink socially, however numbers get astonishingly big around college students, 90% of college kids drink, and the word occasionally takes a twist here, because college students are reported to be heavy drinkers, which means on average, more than two drinks for men a day and one for women. One drink is defined by its alcohol content; one drink refers to a 12 oz. beer, 5 oz. of wine, or a 1.5 oz. of 80 proof (40%) pure alcohol shot or liquor in a mixed drink like a cocktail. Alcohol consumption is believed to be, nearly five times more than what moderate standards refer to. This is increasingly worrying, because more alcohol consumption means increasing risk, not only for the drinker itself, but to all the people around the individual and even third parties. But...
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...School/Portfolio: | The Business School | Course Code/ID: | BUMGT5921 | Course Title: | Organizations: Behaviour, Structure, Processes | Teaching Location: | Melbourne Institute of Technology | Program(s): | Master of Business Administration | Coordinator: | Dr Syed Uddin | Level: | Introductory | Semester: | 2/2013 | Prerequisite(s): | Nil | Corequisite(s): | Nil | Exclusion(s): | Nil | Credit Points/Progress Units: | 15 | ASCED Code: | 080307 | Adopted Reference Style APA 1 COURSE ORGANISATION: 1.1 Student Responsibility It is the responsibility of every student to be aware of the requirements for this course, and understand the specific details included in this document. For full details of programs and school procedures, please refer to the University of Ballarat handbook (http://www.ballarat.edu.au/future-students/handbook ) and The Business School Programs Handbooks available at http://www.ballarat.edu.au/business/handbooks Students should be aware of the content of the handbooks, particularly: * * Special Consideration process and forms * Assignment Coversheet * Submission of tasks and assignments * Grading codes * Appeal process * Unsatisfactory progress - Early Intervention * Appeal process * Unsatisfactory progress - Early Intervention * Grading codes 1.2 Staff The most appropriate contact is your teacher. If necessary they will contact the Course Coordinator at...
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...Awareness of the faculty members at Al-Balqa` Applied University to the concept of time management and its relation to some variables Abstract The study aims to investigate how much is the time management awareness of the faculty members of the Al-Balqa` Applied university, and its relation to some variables. The study conducted on (150) teachers were selected randomly. For achieving the study goals an appropriate instrument has been built up based on the educational literature and former studies. The study has found out that the teachers’ awareness were “good”, where the planning awareness was the highest, and the execution one was the lowest, also the role of the time management in career life was more visible than the personal life. The study also found out that the variables of the study have a weak impact on the teachers` time management awareness. Key words: faculty members` awareness, time management Time is considered as one of the most important resources as all other resources related to it within its availability or shortage. Moreover, all tasks wither it was simple or small need time. Time has its own characteristics since it’s in continuous motion that can’t be stopped and it can’t be saved. It is a fixed quantity resource within 24 hours a day for all individuals and it cant be retrieved too ( Haynez, 2006). Those characteristics make it necessary to deal with time through wisdom and careful...
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...i) The Importance of SERVQUAL The importance of the SERVQUAL, is that it is widely used within service industries to understand the perceptions of target customers regarding their service needs. As well as to provide a measurement of the service quality of the organization. It may be also be applied internally to understand employees’ perception of service quality, with the objective achieving service improvement. “Despite numerous criticisms, SERVQUAL continues to appeal to both academics and practitioners. Originally developed and tested in the consumer retail environment, more recent replications have extended to the industrial market, the public sector, information systems, real estate, hospitals and the legal profession.” Advantages A Comprehensive and thorough examination of service needs and service quality provides an invaluable approach to improving service quality. The SERVQUAL provides detailed information about. • Customer perceptions of service( a benchmark established by your own customers) • Performance levels as perceived by customers • Customers comments and suggestions • Impressions from employees with respect to customers’ expectations and satisfaction “Lewis et al. (1994) have explored and identified a number of possible benefits service organisations can look forward to when they pursue service quality. Service organisations are competing to achieve sustainable competitive advantage through providing a high-quality service to their existing...
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