...and Christopher Wright Cardiff University; VU University, Amsterdam; University of Sydney ABSTRACT Current conceptualizations of the commodification of management knowledge prioritize the agency of knowledge producers, such as consultancies, but downplay the role of other actors such as intermediaries. Using a qualitative multi-method study of the role of procurement in sourcing consultancy knowledge, we demonstrate how intermediaries also commodify management knowledge, thereby limiting the exchange value of that knowledge. Through our analysis we develop a more sophisticated model of the processes and consequences of knowledge commodification. This model clarifies and extends prior research by highlighting the role of commensuration, comparison and valuation, as well as the related tactics that consultants and client managers use to resist procurement’s attempts to commodify management knowledge. Keywords: commodification, consumers, intermediaries, management consultancies, management knowledge, procurement INTRODUCTION The growth of the management knowledge industry over the last 50 years has resulted in increased research attention paid to the activities and impact of knowledge producers such as business schools, management gurus, publishers, and consultancies (see, e.g. Abrahamson, 1996; Clark and Salaman, 1998; Heusinkveld and Benders, 2002, 2005; Huczynski, 1993; Suddaby and Greenwood, 2001; Werr and Stjernberg, 2003). Many of these studies have shown how the commodification...
Words: 14356 - Pages: 58
...Subnet Mask Subnet Mask is the second item in TCP/IP which use to determine if a host on the local subnet or a remote network. Unless you have more information, the network and host address cannot be identifying. Also that information is supplied called subnet mask. In the IP address, it divides into classes. Normally there are five classes which are A B C D and E. Those classes have their different default subnet mask, and people can find the class at the first octet. However, the default subnet mask value sometime do not fit due to physical topology of the network or number of default do not match with the default of subnet mask. c. Default Gateway Default gateway is a router that is specified on a host that links its subnet to other network. The router is a device that communicates with a host on other network. A host performs a comparison using subnet mask and it own IP address when it tries to communicate to other device in TCP/IP. If the result of the comparison show the destination of remote host, the computer will toward to gateway and it is go to the right subnet of the router. d. DNS servers II. Private address and public...
Words: 799 - Pages: 4
...Arabic Parallel Corpus Hammouda Salhi University of Carthage, Tunisia hammouda_s@hotmail.com Abstract: This article investigates a topic at the interface between translation studies, lexical semantics and corpus linguistics. Its general aim is to show how translation studies could profit from the work done in both lexical semantics and corpus linguistics in an attempt to help ‘endear’ linguists to translators (Malmkjær, 1998). The specific objective is to capture the semantic and pragmatic behavior of the noun ‘destruction’ from its different translations into Arabic. The data are taken from an English-Arabic parallel corpus collected from UN texts and their translations (hereafter EAPCOUNT). While it seems that ‘destruction’ is monosemous, it turns out, after exploring its occurrences, to be highly polysemous and shows a case of complementary polysemy, where a number of alternations can be captured. These findings are broadly in line with the results reached in recent developments in lexical semantics, and more particularly the Generative Lexicon (GL) theory developed by James Pustejovsky. Some concrete suggestions are made at the end on how to enhance the relation between linguists and translators and their mutual cooperation. Key words: Lexical semantics, corpus linguistics, translation studies, complementary polysemy, coercion, parallel corpora, lexical ambiguities Résumé: Le présent article aborde un sujet à la croisée des études de...
Words: 8055 - Pages: 33
...PUNE In February 2012 Under the guidance of: Ms. Harjinder Kaur and Mr. Nilesh Aeer Course in Charge, Use of Legal Database Symbiosis Law School, NOIDA 201301 D E C L A R A T I O N I Rhea Srivastava, student of BBA LLB Semester II of Symbiosis Law School, Noida hereby declare that the Advanced ICT Training research paper titled “IMPORTANCE OF ONLINE LEGAL DATABASES ” is submitted by me in the line of partial fulfillment of course objectives for the BBA LLB degree. I assure that this synopsis is the result of my own efforts and that any other institute for the award of any degree or diploma has not submitted it. C E R T I F I C A T E The project entitled “IMPORTANCE OF ONLINE LEGAL DATABASES” submitted to the Symbiosis Law School, Noida for Use of Legal Databases as part of internal assessment is based on my original work carried out under the guidance of Ms. Harjinder Kaur and Mr. Nilesh Aeer. The research work has not been submitted elsewhere for award of any degree. The material borrowed from other sources and incorporated in the thesis has been duly acknowledged. I understand that I myself could be held responsible and accountable for plagiarism, if any, detected later on. RHEA SRIVASTAVA Date: 23rd March, 2012 A C K N O W L E D G E M E N T S With my deepest appreciation, I would like to thank Ms. Harjinder Kaur and Mr. Nilesh Aeer for providing me the opportunity to undertake a research work on IMPORTANCE...
Words: 3243 - Pages: 13
...(Readiness) TEKS 5.2(B) Generate Mixed Numbers and Improper Fractions (Supporting) TEKS 5.2(C) Comparing Fractions (Readiness) TEKS 5.2(D) Relate Fractions to Decimals (Supporting) TEKS 5.3(A-C) Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, and Division (Readiness) TEKS 5.3(D) Identify Common Factors of a Set of Whole Numbers (Supporting) TEKS 5.3(E) Addition and Subtraction of Fractions (Supporting) TEKS 5.4(A) Estimation (Supporting) STAAR Reporting Category 2: Patterns, Relationships, and Algebraic Thinking TEKS 5.5(A) Relationship of Data (Readiness) TEKS 5.5(B) Identify Prime and Composite Numbers (Supporting) TEKS 5.6(A) Solution Sentences (Supporting) STAAR Reporting Category 3: Geometry and Spatial Reasoning TEKS 5.7(A) Geometric Properties (Supporting) TEKS 5.8(A and B) Transformations (5.8A Readiness/5.8B Supporting) TEKS 5.9(A) Locate and Name Points on a Coordinate Grid (Supporting) STAAR Reporting Category 4: Measurement TEKS 5.10(A) Perform Simple Conversions (Supporting) TEKS 5.10(B) Formulas for Perimeter, Area, and Volume (Supporting) TEKS 5.10(C) Length, Perimeter, Area, and Volume (Readiness) TEKS 5.11(A) Changes in Temperature (Supporting) TEKS 5.11(B) Elapsed Time (Supporting) STAAR Reporting Category 5:Probability and Statistics TEKS 5.12(A) Use Fractions to Describe the Results of an Experiment (Supporting) TEKS 5.12(B) Use Experimental Results to Make Predictions (Readiness) TEKS 5.12(C) List All Possible Outcomes of a Probability Experiment (Supporting) TEKS 5.13(A) Line...
Words: 3028 - Pages: 13
...economists have brought forward three key arguments that enumerate why companies expand their operations to global markets. These theories are; the imperfect markets theory, the comparative advantage theory and the product cycle theory (Levi, 2004). i).The Comparative Advantage Theory This theory is among the most important concepts in international trade. It states that economic welfare increases when countries specialize in producing lower opportunity cost goods. It is far from looking the monetary value of producing goods as in the theory of absolute advantage (Bishop, 2004). A comparative advantage arises when a corporation realizes larger sales margins as compared to its competitors just because this company can sell at lower prices in comparison to its competitors. Multinationals have consistently...
Words: 5206 - Pages: 21
...intention of the author. In this assignment I will be doing an exegesis on the book of Amos 5:4-6 whereby I will try to get closer to the real intention of the author, by looking at different translation, words, background and by following the exegetical processes that was given to us in class. Outline I. Text II. Translation A. Version comparison B. Own translation III. Historical Context and Literary Context A. Immediate background B. Date C. Authorship D. Geographical Setting E. Social Setting IV. Form and Structure A. Genre B. Structural Plan V. Grammatical Data and Lexical Data A. Grammatical issues B. Lexical Data VI. Biblical context and Theology VII. Secondary literature VIII. Application IX. Conclusion I. Text: Amos 5:4-6 I have chosen the text from the book of Amos 5:4-6. Because in the Hebrew bible this is a unit with in itself: NASB: (v4) for thus says the LORD to the house of Israel, "Seek Me that you may live. (v5) "But do not resort to , And do not come to , Nor cross over to Beersheba; For Gilgal will certainly go into captivity, And Bethel will come to trouble. (v6) "Seek the LORD that you may live, Lest He break forth like a fire, O house of Joseph, And it consume with none to quench it for Bethel II. Translation A. Version Comparison `Wy*x.wI) ynIWvßr>DI lae_r"f.yI tybeäl. hw"ßhy> rm:±a' hkoï yKiä WTT Amos 5:4 Waboêt'...
Words: 2256 - Pages: 10
...Decision Sciences Volume 38 Number 1 February 2007 Journal compilation C C 2007, The Author 2007, Decision Sciences Institute Decision Sciences Research in China: Current Status, Opportunities, and Propositions for Research in Supply Chain Management, Logistics, and Quality Management∗ Xiande Zhao Department of Decision Sciences and Managerial Economics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantin, NT Hong Kong, e-mail: Xiande@baf.msmail.cuhk.edu.hk Barbara B. Flynn† Kelley School of Business, Indiana University, 801 W. Michigan St., BS 4010, Indianapolis, IN 46033, e-mail: bbflynn@iupui.edu Aleda V. Roth Department of Management, College of Business and Behavioral Sciences, Clemson University, 343A Sirrine Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, e-mail: aroth@clemson.edu ABSTRACT As China becomes increasingly important to the global economy, it is critical to conduct high-quality research on important decision sciences issues there. This article provides an extensive review and critique of the extant China-based literature on supply chain management, logistics, and quality management, based on the foundation established by Zhao, Flynn, and Roth (2006). In general, decision sciences research in China is in its infancy. Although there have been some very interesting and well-executed articles, the majority are descriptive and focus on status updates. We provide a set of propositions to guide future research in logistics, supply chain management, and quality management in...
Words: 18592 - Pages: 75
...the variety of human skin colors across different ethnic. Moreover, existing methods require high computational cost. In this paper, we propose a novel human skin detection approach that combines a smoothed 2-D histogram and Gaussian model, for automatic human skin detection in color image(s). In our approach, an eye detector is used to refine the skin model for a specific person. The proposed approach reduces computational costs as no training is required, and it improves the accuracy of skin detection despite wide variation in ethnicity and illumination. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first method to employ fusion strategy for this purpose. Qualitative and quantitative results on three standard public datasets and a comparison with state-of-the-art methods have shown the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed approach. Index Terms—Color space, dynamic threshold, fusion strategy, skin detection. I. INTRODUCTION W ITH the progress of information society today, images have become more and more important. Among them, skin detection plays an important role in a wide range of image processing applications from face tracking, gesture analysis, content-based image retrieval systems to various human–computer interaction domains [1]–[6]. In these applications, the search space for...
Words: 5432 - Pages: 22
...Literature Translation Elena Xeni Teaching Staff – Language Pedagogy Department of Education, University of Cyprus Summary The present paper focuses on issues of concern in the study of Children‟s Literature Translation (ChLT). Attempting an overview from the years when ChLT was much ignored in the academic and non-academic world to the years that attention is paid to ChLT as a scientific field in its own right, the present paper illustrates issues that have generated intense and ongoing discussions. Issues such as the missionary role of ChLT, the theoretical framework of ChLT, the translator‟s invisibility, low status, profile and royalties, translatability vs. untranslatability, ideology, censorship, manipulation, and ambivalence are visited in this paper. These issues have had a deep impact on key ChLT actors, processes, and products: the child-reader, the translator, the translated text, the translation process, the author, the publisher, etc. The present text is a modest attempt to join efforts with the international community of scholars, translators, authors, children readers, publishers and other parties with an interest in ChLT, so as for the field to be given its merit in Translation, Comparative, Literary and Interdisciplinary Studies and for the translator –who had for long been much invisible and undervalued –to gain the place s/he deserves in history and society. 1. Introductory note It is widely accepted that Children‟s Literature Translation (ChLT) is an...
Words: 10035 - Pages: 41
...was established and mandated to develop worldwide accounting Standards. In 1977, the AISG was disbanded and replaced by the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) to developed and enhance a coordinated worldwide accounting profession with harmonized standards[1]. However, the goal towards international accounting harmonization does not come without certain impediments in which lead to the hindrance to the harmonization process. In support to the statement above, it was noted by Nobes and Parker (2010) that among the obstacles to harmonization were, the size of the present differences between the accounting practices of different countries, the main or predominant purposes of financial reporting which are varies in between countries, the lack of international regulatory agency, nationalism and the effect of economic consequences on accounting standards. The differences between accounting practices of different countries presently can mean such matters as accounting system classification, the financial reports users and as far as the initial reasons for the preparation of accounting information. As such, Choi and Meek (2005) stated one example of accounting classification. That was Mueller’s four groups of accounting classification were accounting within a macroeconomic framework, the microeconomic approach, accounting as an independent discipline and uniform accounting. These in which the classification...
Words: 1630 - Pages: 7
...Austin ECE Department, The University of Texas at San Antonio {isen,ljohn}@ece.utexas.edu, ejohn@utsa.edu 2 Abstract. The contentious debates between RISC and CISC have died down, and a CISC ISA, the x86 continues to be popular. Nowadays, processors with CISC-ISAs translate the CISC instructions into RISC style micro-operations (eg: uops of Intel and ROPS of AMD). The use of the uops (or ROPS) allows the use of RISC-style execution cores, and use of various micro-architectural techniques that can be easily implemented in RISC cores. This can easily allow CISC processors to approach RISC performance. However, CISC ISAs do have the additional burden of translating instructions to micro-operations. In a 1991 study between VAX and MIPS, Bhandarkar and Clark showed that after canceling out the code size advantage of CISC and the CPI advantage of RISC, the MIPS processor had an average 2.7x advantage over the studied CISC processor (VAX). A 1997 study on Alpha 21064 and the Intel Pentium Pro still showed 5% to 200% advantage for RISC for various SPEC CPU95 programs. A decade later and after introduction of interesting techniques such as fusion of micro-operations in the x86, we set off to compare a recent RISC and a recent CISC processor, the IBM POWER5+ and the Intel Woodcrest. We find that the SPEC CPU2006 programs are divided between those showing an advantage on POWER5+ or Woodcrest, narrowing down the 2.7x advantage to nearly 1.0. Our study points to the fact that if aggressive...
Words: 7813 - Pages: 32
...[pic] ASSIGNMENT: PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL METHOD Performance Appraisal Method Critical Incident Method Definition: This format of performance appraisal is a method which is involved identifying and describing specific incidents where employees did something really well or that needs improving during their performance period. Critical incident is a method used for many sectors. An incident is critical when it illustrates what the employers has done or failed to do. The critical incidents for performance appraisal are a method in which the manager writes down positive and negative performance behavior of employees throughout the performance period. Each employee will be evaluated as such and one’s performance appraisal will be based on the logs that are put in the evaluation form. The manager maintains logs on each employee, whereby he periodically records critical incidents of the workers behavior. At the end of the rating period, these recorded critical incidents are used in the evaluation of the workers’ performance. The critical incidents file of performance appraisal is a form of documentation that reflects all data about employee performances. Most frequently, the critical incidents technique of evaluation is applied to evaluate the performance of superiors rather than of peers of subordinates. Disadvantages of Critical Incident This method suffers however from the following limitations: • Critical...
Words: 4332 - Pages: 18
...EMPLOYEE ATTITUDES AND JOB SATISFACTION Lise M. Saari and Timothy A. Judge This article identifies three major gaps between HR practice and the scientific research in the area of employee attitudes in general and the most focal employee attitude in particular—job satisfaction: (1) the causes of employee attitudes, (2) the results of positive or negative job satisfaction, and (3) how to measure and influence employee attitudes. Suggestions for practitioners are provided on how to close the gaps in knowledge and for evaluating implemented practices. Future research will likely focus on greater understanding of personal characteristics, such as emotion, in defining job satisfaction and how employee attitudes influence organizational performance. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. “Happy employees are productive employees.” “Happy employees are not productive employees.” We hear these conflicting statements made by HR professionals and managers in organizations. There is confusion and debate among practitioners on the topic of employee attitudes and job satisfaction— even at a time when employees are increasingly important for organizational success and competitiveness. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to provide greater understanding of the research on this topic and give recommendations related to the major practitioner knowledge gaps. As indicated indirectly in a study of HR professionals (Rynes, Colbert, & Brown, 2002), as well as based on our experience, the major...
Words: 8034 - Pages: 33
...slope is: 8.15E-14 b. (2.5) Add length as another independent variable to the above regression model. The equation is: _____________________ The coefficient of determination is: ______________________ The p-value for the gestage coefficient is: ___________________ The p-value for the length coefficient is: ___________________ Do you think the model improves by adding length as an independent variable (yes/no) _____? Explain. c. (2) Compute a 95% confidence interval for the true mean of birth weight with a gestational age of 31 weeks and a length of 40 cm. Round off to whole numbers. d. (2) Create an interaction term by multiplying gestational age and length. Add the interaction term to the model that already includes gestage and length. Fill in the table (left column without interaction, right column with interaction term). Independent variables gestage, length gestage, length, gestlength p-value, gestage coefficient Std error, gestage coefficient p-value, length coefficient Std error, length coefficient Coefficient of determination e. (1) What principle accounts for the changes in p-value and standard error? f. (1) Since the coefficient of determination rose slightly, would you include the interaction term in the model? Why or why not? 2. (8 points) Use the stenosis.dta or stenosis.xls file that you used in both Chapter 16 and Chapter 20 homeworks. a. (2) Generate two tables: one for smokers and another for nonsmokers. b. (2) What is the odds ratio for...
Words: 1088 - Pages: 5
