...Classical Age: Historical Inquiry: Athens vs. Sparta Research Template: (Please complete the template below in order to complete the questions at the end of the document) General Resources: For each concept below, provide a one to two sentence summary of each key resource. LINK: http://tinyurl.com/kv9gr2h General Resources: Greek Citizenship: Since Greece was not a unified country traditions and laws about citizenship varied. In most city-states, male citizens were involved in such shared civic responsibilities as jury duty or military service in time of war. Every polis had resident aliens, foreign merchants, and others, and on occasion, those people would be made citizens; however, that eventuality was rare. Some women might’ve...
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...THE RELEVANCE OF THE UNITED NATIONS IN THE POST-COLD WAR ERA: IRAQI INVASION AS A CASE STUDY BY ALADENIYI, EMMANUEL ABIODUN APRIL 2005 CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND 1. The basic concepts and assumptions that led to the formation of the United Nations (UN) dates back to the beginning of statecraft and humanity’s first efforts to foster international cooperation. The treaty of the peace of Westphalia of 1648 is regarded at humanity’s first effort in statehood and fostering international cooperation. The formation of the UN is predicated on the evolution of diplomacy, alliances, conferences, rules of warfare, means of peaceful settlement of conflicts and the development of international law. The overriding purpose of the UN is war prevention. This purpose was earlier pursued by ancient Greek Philosophers, Plato and Aristotle, who wrote on the conditions necessary for peace.1 The church in the Middle Ages also enunciated a doctrine of “Just War” to limit violence and destruction by sanctioning only wars fought for justifiable courses. The pacifists and internationalists, like Desiderius Erasmus, condemned war in its entirety as “immoral and wasteful”. 2. The need to institute mechanics for peaceful settlement of disputes and prevent war encouraged the formation of various international organizations over time. These include the Congress of Vienna and Concert of Europe in 1815. The Hague System worked towards the codification...
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...The Emergence of Bangladesh By Waqas Aleem Mughal October 22, 2002 Summary A. Introduction B. Causes: International Scenario C. Causes: Political Situation 1. Attitude of Muslim League 2. Constitutional Deadlock 3. Absence of Strong Bond 4. Regional Politics 5. Provincial Elections 1954 6. Violation of 1956 Constitution 7. General Elections 1970 8. Boycott of National Assembly Session 9. Mujeeb’s Six Points D. Causes: National Issues 1. Economic Backwardness of E. Pakistan 2. Domination of Hindus 3. Role of Hindu Teachers 4. Urdu – Bengali Controversy 5. Crushing of Democratic Institutions E. Causes: Atrocities in East Pakistan F. Causes: Indian Hostility G. Critical Analysis The Instrument of Surrender Read Time: 12 Minutes Readability Statistics Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level: 12 * Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level Score: Rates text on a U.S. grade-school level. A score of 8.0 means that an eighth grader can understand the document. The Emergence of Bangladesh By Waqas Aleem Mughal October 22, 2002 Histories of nations are often marked with ruthless wounds. Time passes by but its scars never vanish. December 16, 1971 being the darkest day in the history of Pakistan ended with...
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... Writing will return to the Greek world during this period. When it does it won’t be like Linear A or B. It will be based on an alphabet that the Greeks borrowed and modified the Phoenicians alphabet. Homer- iconic poet of Greek literature. He came from the region of Ionia. Produced famous epics of the Trojan War. Legends of the great Mycenaean heroes. Different traditions focused on different heroes. Responsible for two of the great monuments. The Iliad and the Odyssey. Achilles Agamemnon Odysseus Hector Ajax Paris Helen of Troy Penelope Important element- arête means excellence. Surpassing Excellence. Achievement, accomplishment. Exceed potential. Also mental. Ex. Odysseus is smarter than anyone else. He outwits Gods. Virtue of this society. Also is very competitive. Forever contending against one another. Individualistic quality. Have to be the best. Character trait that is the center of Greece. 3. Polis e. Polis literally means city. f. Greeks meant g. Oligarchic rule of Basileis Greece is made up of city-states. Each city will undergo its own political history. At the beginning of the archaic period almost all were Oligarchic. Oligarchic is rule by the few, Basileis- landed aristocrats. Owned most of the land in the...
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...overpower the weaker one and show power to dominate and to exploit. The first human war dates back thousands of centuries back and ever since wars and battles have continued between different tribes, races and countries. In a nutshell we could say that almost all of the wars were fought to dominate and gain superiority over your opponents. In the 20th century a new terminology termed as “Global Leadership” has emerged onto the global scenario. This policy has been one of the most crucial yet the most secrete policy of America. Ever Since United States of America won the World War 2, the desire to control and dominate has been constantly increasing among the Americans. The question of whether the United states should act as a policeman for other countries has been long debated over the past couple of decades, On one side there are people who support the quest of Usa being given the role of the world peace maker and on the other majority are those who question; “Who is USA to control or act as a policeman for other countries?” History of wars to dominate other cultures, creeds, races and nations goes back to thousands of years. As over the centuries resources have become limited and the fight and the desire to control the world’s resource has intensified. Relations between countries has defoliated and has brought the world to the levels of mass destruction in the form of World War 1 and World War 2. At the time of both WW 1 and WW 2 there were not many genuine reasons to fight...
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...subject of International Relations (IR), whose main focus is the nature of politics at the international level. Students will acquire the empirical and conceptual foundations needed to understand a world political system which cannot be accurately described as either pure anarchy or a coherent form of ‘global governance’. The starting point is the notion of ‘international society’, which refers to the set of institutions and common procedures generated by states over the last three and a half centuries in their attempts to achieve some minimal form of co-existence, but which has gradually evolved to include many non-state actors and different levels of activity – diplomatic, economic and cultural, as well as that of military competition. By the end of the course you should be able to have an informed discussion about: the historical origins of the present system; what is distinctive about international politics as opposed to politics inside the state; and the main challenges which confront humanity in the twenty-first century. You will also acquire a basic familiarity with the main theories needed to think analytically - and critically - about the idea of international society and the behaviour of the actors which constitute it. Brief Description of the Paper The subject of International Relations (usually given capital letters, as opposed to international relations as events) has a huge range. Some see it as covering everything that has happened on the globe during recorded history...
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...German Delegation to the Paris Peace Conference, 1919 President Wilson recognized in his speech of 1916 “no single fact caused the war, but that in the last analysis the whole European system is in a deeper sense responsible for the war, with its combination of alliances and understandings, a complicated texture of intrigues and espionage that unfailingly caught the whole family of nations in its meshes”. Germany was being forced to accept responsibility for all the damage caused and to add insult to injury, the amount of compensation Germany was going to pay out was going to be determined solely by their enemy. With everything being determined by Germany’s enemy, Germany was denied basic rights to build the nation, and they were being forced to re-build for the benefit of foreign nations without any self-preservation. For example the building of canals and railroads at the discretion of foreign authorities. In simple terms Germany was completely left out. Everything being determined for Germany not only did not benefit them at all, they also did not have much of a say in it and it benefited every other nation except Germany, forcing Germans to be a minority in their own land. 2. In Germany’s view the country would have been treated differently if the principles they attributed to President Wilson had been applied, because they would have all the rights that every other nation had, making them independent. They would have the right of...
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...However, few journalists have asked why Robinson was selected and what was Branch Rickey’s motivation? While Robinson was the first Negro player to break into the ranks of professional baseball, it can be argued that he was not the first to attempt the undertaking. In actuality, Jackie possibly was not even the first player the Brooklyn Dodgers’ organization considered for the job. The Warner Brothers film, 42, The Jackie Robinson Story (2013), highlights the accomplishments of Jackie and rightfully so, as he was an amazing man. The story actually starts prior to 1947 and ends years later in 1959, three years after his retirement in 1956. Early in his career at Ohio Wesleyan University, where Branch Rickey played and coached baseball, an incident occurred with one of his young black players, Charlie Thomas, which would forever change Rickey’s life, the future of integration of major league baseball, and would have an impact on the civil rights movement. Jackie Robinson’s amazing accomplishments, not only as a ballplayer but also as a spearheading civil rights leader are a direct result of this happenstance. The film is set in 1947, and was conceived with the purpose to highlight Robinson’s...
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...Arnold A. Offner writes “The Origins of the Second World War” in order to examine the responsibilities, possibilities, and limitations of America’s international policies during the interwar years. Throughout this book, Offner introduces the readers to a new idea that states America may not have fought in the war until 1941, but America was a huge contributor before and during the beginning. He asserts that the way the United States handled international affairs between 1916 and 1940 played a huge role in the starting of another war to “end all wars”. Moreover, he accomplishes this feat by presenting each explanation in a way that all possible “causes” of the war seem as important or unimportant as the rest. Ultimately, Germany may have been blamed for World War II, but not a single great- or rising- power was innocent. Offner supports his idea using treaties and conventions that occurred between the years 1917 and 1941 that illustrate the foreign and...
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...have grown stronger through the years. Women have gone from being seen and not heard to having a voice, supporting war multiple war efforts, and becoming politicians. In the landmark case of Roe verses Wade gave women the right to own their own body with the decision of whether or not to have an abortion. Women were battling for equality as well as the right to vote. This suffrage was a long drawn out battle through the years but finally was won. Women’s roles during all three wars, the Spanish American War, World War I, and World War II, included nurses, clerical positions, and they back filled spouse’s duties at home. A “New Woman came about in the 1920s as women changed their attitude along with hair, make-up and attitude. All of the progressions were won due to persistence. Women have played a significant throughout the wars in America, not just stateside but abroad. “The Spanish-American War created a substantial need for military nurses” (Small, 1998). Dr Anita Newcomb McGee became the nurse’s bureau chief. This was the first time contract nurses were hired to in military hospital. In September 1918, 1,100 nurses were serving in the United and overseas. During World War I women were allowed to serve in non-nursing positions performing clerical duties. 34,000 women served in the military and 10,000 served as nurses in World War I. During World War II nearly 350, 000 American women served in uniform, both at home and abroad (NationalWW2museuum, ND). These women...
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...114-602 Fall 2012 Bergen Community College THE PAUL ROBESON—JACKIE ROBINSON SAGA AND A POLITICAL COLLISION. By Ronald A. Smith Journal of Sport History, Vol. 6, No. 2 (Summer, 1979) P 5-27 Dr. Ronald A. Smith, a historian and Professor Emeritus at Penn State University analyzes Jackie Robinson's appearance, and impact before the House UN-American Activities Committee in light of anti-American messages made by the entertainer and former Rutgers University All-American football superstar Paul Robeson. Smith argues that for symbolical grounds, the federal government reached out to Jackie Robinson so he can assist in getting rid of Paul Robeson from his function as a black leader. Using a relative analysis of both Robinson and Robeson early lives, Author Ronald Smith affirms that they spearheaded change from different paths. Smith illustrates how Jackie Robinson was willing to cooperate with white society for the purpose of positive racial goals and Paul Robeson wanted improvement own his own terms, not necessarily those suggested by white society. Nonetheless, Smith insists both Robinson and Robeson fought for equal rights in their respected ways. In this informative and well written essay, The Paul Robeson-Jackie Robinson Saga and Political Collision, Ronald A. Smith (following his Ph.D. at the University of Wisconsin, he spent 28 years at Penn State teaching sport history and researching intercollegiate athletics) illustrates how a collision arose between...
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...In fact, when we have a hegemon state he can set the condition for global peace by playing a preponderant role in the system. He organizes and is capable of dealing with all problems that may face the system. In other to become a hegemonic state according to liberalist people the state need to be strong enough economically, socially, and also in term of power offensive. We know that as theory developed as the hegemonic stability theory. By doing so, such state produce an economic stability for the rest of the world, but in return the other state have to recognize his power and it is taking advantage of the system. (Rrevoir la parties sur l’hegemony) Internationally, he advocates free trade (no barrier to trade). For liberals, the state should be limited to its regulatory functions: justice, police and national defense, a state policeman role. Interference of the State in private affairs should be refused because...
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...SL History Internal Assessment Japanese-Canadian Internment Camps To What Extent did the Pearl Harbor Attacks affect Political Discrimination Against People of Japanese Descent in Canada? Mihir Thakkar Candidate Number: 000881-0043 May 2014 Word Count: 1,703 A. Plan of Investigation This investigation will measure to extent to which the Pearl Harbor attacks affected the political discrimination against people of Japanese descent in Canada, including the internment of Japanese-Canadians during World War II. This investigation will be carried out through analysis of various documents about the Japanese-Canadian internment. A variety of sources will be used, from books by victims of the internment to scholarly sources about the war between Canada and Japan. Two of the documents will then be thoroughly assessed, which will provide evidence to properly and reasonably answer the question. This date range of this study is from 1887 until the official government redress, which took place in the 1970s. The question will be answered through factual evidence of the internment, as well as narrative evidence describing other forms of political discrimination. B. Summary of Evidence Racism before Pearl Harbor • • Manzo Nagano, the first immigrant from Japan moved to Canada in 1877.1 In the 1920s, the Canadian Government limited the number of fishing licenses allowed for Japanese citizens.2 • In the Great Depression, the government of British Columbia denied logging...
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...Case Study Analysis Part A (“Power Play for Howard”) James Carruthers, Matthew Chouinard, Amber Hawes, Mike Knowlton, and Shellie Mapes MGT/445 March 21, 2011 Dr. Michael Charter Case Study Analysis Part A (“A Power Play For Howard”) Every year, hundreds of millions of U.S. dollars are verbally tossed back and forth during negotiation talks between teams and players. The contract of a player expires and the player may be traded for another player, or essentially bought by another team. The value of a player greatly depends on (a) his playing power and (b) his fan base. In the case of Juwan Howard, a player for the Washington Bullets/Wizards, both his playing power and fan base made him a wanted player by many teams when his contract with Washington expired in 1996. Negotiations became heated, particularly between Miami and Washington, until a miscalculation in the negotiation terms resulted in Howard signing with Washington for another term. Case Summary Juwan Howard was a professional basketball player in the National Basketball Association (NBA) and was looking to renegotiate his contract with his then-current team, the Washington Bullets. This would give Washington the first chance to make an offer. He had the option to renegotiate after 2 years and decided to do so. Washington's new general manager, Wes Unseld, made an original offer of 78.4 million dollars. This was not satisfactory as the open market had determined his worth much higher...
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...“Where, after all, do universal human rights begin? In small places, close to home - so close and so small that they cannot be seen on any maps of the world. Yet they are the world of the individual person; the neighborhood he lives in; the school or college he attends; the factory, farm, or office where he works. Such are the places where every man, woman, and child seeks equal justice, equal opportunity, equal dignity without discrimination. Unless these rights have meaning there, they have little meaning anywhere. Without concerted citizen action to uphold them close to home, we shall look in vain for progress in the larger world.” -Eleanor Roosevelt Introduction Millions have suffered crimes against humanity. Millions are left poor, without any of the basic needs to survive. Millions more suffer in forced labor. Other millions are discriminated on because of their race, gender, and nationality. When do these millions become less, or none for that matter? When will crimes against humanity stop? When will one’s race not matter? “The idea of human rights has a long history, but only in the past century has the international community sought to galvanize a regime to promote and guard them” (Council on Foreign Relations, 2013, 1). Particularly, since the United Nations was created in 1945, the world community has cooperated to codify human rights in a universally recognized regime of treaties, institutions, and norms...
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