... act as a regular employees, talk, think, express their own opinions, and make decisions. Many others stories about robots being part of a family, going to the school, crying, feeling or warriors robots who defend their territory with great patriotism. But what are really these machines? Are they just images we see on television? Or Are they a reflection of what we want or what we are? Many people say that robots are not machines designed to think, and that we have created them only to follow instructions. Others say they have been programmed and just act without any criterion and that they don’t possess a soul. But there is always somebody who affirms they are able to think even more effetely than a human being. In the end the correct affirmation is that they are men’s creations. Creations invading, every day, the human market. Do we really think these creations are conscious, able to think like us? It’s very interesting to hear or read the different opinions of philosophers and common people. For example, Alan Turing was commissioned to explain very well through the “ Turing Test” ( the proposal for a test of a machines ability to demonstrated intelligence) where he explain that a machines is only programmed by humans, and to think about whether machines think do not deserve any discussion, meaningless to deserve discussion. Another philosopher like William G.Lyan talked about artificial intelligence (the science of setting machines to perform that normally require intelligence...
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...There are many arguments against why a machine can not be conscious some were expressed in Turing's paper. One argument that Daniel Dennett brought up in his book Brainchildren: Essays on Designing Minds was “Robots are purely material things, and consciousness requires immaterial mind-stuff”. I think that humans are uncomfortable with the idea that a manufactured thing can simulate our most precious possession, our mind. Therefore they created this argument to give themselves a sense of protection against science. Another argument against this was expressed once again by Rick Dennett who wrote “...every other phenomenon of initially “supernatural” mysteriousness has succumbed to an uncontroversial explanation within the commodious folds of physical science”. Perhaps the best argument at the present time against robotic consciousness is robots are just too simple to have the ability of thought/consciousness. A human brain is composed of billions of parts each with its own function. All these parts rely on another part in order to give the brain a correct response for a certain action. The computing power required in order to simulate a human brain and the sheer capabilities to make a program that could comprehend everyday situations is impossible with todays technology. Whether or not this will ever be possible is beyond this paper. For this papers sake lets say that we were able to create a robot which would be able to surpass even Bladerunner's Nexus-6 robot and would...
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...ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE A THREAT TO HUMANITY INTRODUCTION Artificial intelligence is moving so quick it off and on again appears to be practically otherworldly. Heading toward oneself autos have arrived; Siri can listen to your voice and find the closest film theater; and IBM simply set the "Jeopardy"- overcoming Watson to deal with prescription, at first preparing restorative understudies, maybe in the long run helping in analysis. Barely a month passes by without the report of another AI product or system. Yet, a portion of the excitement may be untimely: as I've noted long ago, we still haven't created machines with the ability to think, vision, common dialect preparing, or the capacity to make different machines. Our endeavors at specifically mimicking human brains stay primitive. Artificial Intelligence aides pick what books you purchase, what films you see, and even who you date. It puts the "brilliant" in your cell phone and soon it will drive your auto. It makes the majority of the exchanges on Wall Street, and controls essential vitality, water, and transportation foundation. Yet Artificial Intelligence can likewise undermine our presence. In as meager as an issue, AI could match and afterward surpass human discernment. Organizations and government offices are putting billions into accomplishing AI's Holy Grail—human-level sagacity. When AI has accomplished it, researchers contend, it will have survival drives much like our own. We may be compelled to rival an adversary...
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...A Machine to identify Vitamins Md. Shafiul Alam ID: 11-94840-2, Research methodology Section: American International University (AIUB) Email: sumonalam85@yahoo.com Abstract. Vitamin is one of the essential elements of human body. To keep our human body fit there is no alternative way of vitamins. We get this essential element in different foods, fruits, vegetable etc. But now a days this vitamin is being identified and measured by the biological and chemical activities which are very much complicated procedure and time consuming. So an automatic vitamin identify machine is needed to make the operation easy. My Vitamin Identify Machine which I am thinking to invent can solve the problem easily. Someday the machine must be invented to make my dream true. 1 Introduction Vitamins are organic compounds, which are needed by an organism in tiny amounts. Vitamins are classified by their biological and chemical activity, not their structure. Jacob Exler, nutritionist for the Nutrient Data Research Branch of the Human Nutrition Information Service, told us that there are two types of analytical procedures to measure the vitamin content of foods, chemical and microbiological: The chemical procedures measure the actual amount of a vitamin or a derivative of the vitamin, and the microbiological procedures measure the biological activity of the vitamin on some selected organism. [1] Today, chemical procedures are in vogue. In the past, microbiological studies were more common, and researchers...
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...Introduction Of The Corn Mill Machine's Working Principle In your working with the Corn Mill Machine, have you think of or consider the Corn Mill Machine's Working Principle? For most people or workers, when they work with the corn mill machine, they will think this machine save much labor force and time for them and it is very good for them, but rarely of them will wonder how the corn mill machine's working principle, and this passage will introduce it for you. Actually, the corn mill machine's working principle is simple and easy to operate for most of us, let us have a brief introduction: Corn milling machine is a mechanical process and consists of cleaning, degermination, milling and sieving sections. After each sieving, maize granules of unqualified is drawn and the residue is recycled for further grinding or milling. The corn flour milling machine has the advantages of novel structure, discharging equally, less noise, good stability, easy operation, convenient maintenance etc.This machine can produce the hulled corn into corn grits, small corn grits and corn flour. Cylinder separator → Bucket elevator → Computerized automatic moisture controller → Screw conveyor → Damper → Screw conveyor → Bucket elevator → Gravity destoner -→ Magnetic separator → Horizontal Scourer → Bran brusher → Vibrating sifter → Temper mixer → Screw conveyor → Final bin→ Corn flour milling machine Above is the corn mill machine's working principle, you will have a understanding of it after...
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...Turing, A.M. (1950). Computing machinery and intelligence. Mind, 59, 433-460. COMPUTING MACHINERY AND INTELLIGENCE By A. M. Turing 1. The Imitation Game I propose to consider the question, "Can machines think?" This should begin with definitions of the meaning of the terms "machine" and "think." The definitions might be framed so as to reflect so far as possible the normal use of the words, but this attitude is dangerous, If the meaning of the words "machine" and "think" are to be found by examining how they are commonly used it is difficult to escape the conclusion that the meaning and the answer to the question, "Can machines think?" is to be sought in a statistical survey such as a Gallup poll. But this is absurd. Instead of attempting such a definition I shall replace the question by another, which is closely related to it and is expressed in relatively unambiguous words. The new form of the problem can be described in terms of a game which we call the 'imitation game." It is played with three people, a man (A), a woman (B), and an interrogator (C) who may be of either sex. The interrogator stays in a room apart front the other two. The object of the game for the interrogator is to determine which of the other two is the man and which is the woman. He knows them by labels X and Y, and at the end of the game he says either "X is A and Y is B" or "X is B and Y is A." The interrogator is allowed to put questions to A and B thus: C: Will X please tell me the length...
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...developed by the Swiss giant, Nestle. The product is basically a system that allows the consumer to produce a fresh cup of espresso coffee at home. Though simple in appearance and use, it took Nestle more than 10 years to develop it. ´ The system consists of two parts: a coffee capsule and a machine. The coffee capsule is hermetically sealed in aluminum and contains 5 g of roast and ground coffee. The machine consists of four parts — a handle, a water container, a pump and an electrical heating system. These four parts are cast into a body and form the machine. The use of the Nespresso system is straightforward. The coffee capsule is placed in the handle which is then inserted into the machine. The act of inserting the handle into the machine pierces the coffee capsule at the top. At the press of a button, pressurized, steamed water is passed through the capsule. The result is a creamy, foamy and high-quality cup of espresso coffee. The new product was introduced in 1986. The orig´ inal strategy adopted by Nestle was to set up a joint venture with a Swiss-based distributor called Sobal to sell the new product. This joint venture (named Sobal-Nespresso) was supposed to purchase the 296 machines from another Swiss Company (called ´ Turmix), the coffee capsules from Nestle and then distribute and sell everything as a system — one product, one price. Offices and restaurants were targeted as the...
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...Artificial Intelligence Vs Humanity: Why we should think about the threat of Artificial Intelligence? Artificial Intelligence is definitely a touchy subject for the human race. The very mention of the term conjures up images of apocalyptic societies where intelligent super-computers have either enslaved the human race or eradicated the inferior species altogether. For some, the connotation of "artificial intelligence" attacks the very core of the human spirit, the pride of our race. The very thought of an "intelligent" computer that is on par, or more likely superior, to our own brain sends chills down the spine. Are these concerns realistic? Or are they unfounded worries of people who don't understand the issue? Some proponents of artificial intelligence insist that such concerns are the result of semantic misunderstanding. By definition, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the area of computer science focusing on creating machines that can engage on behaviors that humans consider intelligent ("Artificial Intelligence”, Herzfeld Noreen). The ability to create intelligent machines has intrigued humans since ancient times and today with the advent of the computer and 50 years of research into AI programming techniques, the dream of smart machines is becoming a reality (Nonlinear Science and Complexity, M. Marques). Researchers are creating systems which can mimic human thought, understand speech, beat the best human chess player, and countless other feats never before possible...
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...BURGER MACHINES – MARKET SIZING Introduction This is a case study based on a real case that OC&C worked on in 2005, trying to gain an idea of the global market for Burger machines. This is typical of an ‘analytical’ case study that you will get asked – requiring sound numerical skills (the ability to competently use a calculator), the ability to come up with some sensible estimates and some commercial awareness. Excellent candidates differentiate themselves by the quality of the answer, but also the time taken to respond – some of the later, more advanced questions will only get touched upon if a candidate has ‘aced’ the earlier questions. Case Background Our client is responsible for the sale and manufacture of burger machines that produce the meat patties that populate the ever-popular hamburgers, sold worldwide by the likes of McDonald’s and Burger King. OC&C have been approached to help them think about their international expansion strategy, and in particular the opportunity posed by developing markets, such as China, India etc. Your specific task on this case is to scale the opportunity – i.e. how many Burger Machines could this company expect to sell into China in the future. Market estimation methodology First question: how would you estimate the market for burger machines? The good candidate explains that the market for burger machines is clearly driven by the fast food market, so we need to consider the total number of burgers that are likely to be sold, the...
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...A. M. Turing (1950) Computing Machinery and Intelligence. Mind 49: 433-460. COMPUTING MACHINERY AND INTELLIGENCE By A. M. Turing 1. The Imitation Game I propose to consider the question, "Can machines think?" This should begin with definitions of the meaning of the terms "machine" and "think." The definitions might be framed so as to reflect so far as possible the normal use of the words, but this attitude is dangerous, If the meaning of the words "machine" and "think" are to be found by examining how they are commonly used it is difficult to escape the conclusion that the meaning and the answer to the question, "Can machines think?" is to be sought in a statistical survey such as a Gallup poll. But this is absurd. Instead of attempting such a definition I shall replace the question by another, which is closely related to it and is expressed in relatively unambiguous words. The new form of the problem can be described in terms of a game which we call the 'imitation game." It is played with three people, a man (A), a woman (B), and an interrogator (C) who may be of either sex. The interrogator stays in a room apart front the other two. The object of the game for the interrogator is to determine which of the other two is the man and which is the woman. He knows them by labels X and Y, and at the end of the game he says either "X is A and Y is B" or "X is B and Y is A." The interrogator is allowed to put questions to A and B thus: C: Will X please tell me the length of his or...
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...thinking about whether strong AI (artificial intelligence) as compatible source for understanding the way of thinking and let alone machines is practically irrelevant according to John R. Searle (Searle 372). In terms of thinking and the aspects of a machine is far more complex than that of an ordinary strong AI. Machines in general have a great deal more going on than just a symbol manipulation system such of that as a strong AI. Ultimately the strong AI would then be incapable of being able to help understand machines and the aspect of thinking. Furthermore, the definition of “machine” needs to be reiterated in a simpler term to help explain this issue....
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...As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems, the ability of humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate. Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position. Technology by definition refers to tools or devices which helps us to accomplish tasks in an easier and faster way. So, does our increased reliance on technology reduce our ability to think for ourselves? Some people would cite some examples technologies like the calculator to persuade us to believe that technology has indeed caused us to leave much of the thinking process to machines and devices. However, I believe otherwise. The scientific calculator is an example of technology because it can carry out complicated calculations involving trigonometry and quadratic equations in a matter of a few seconds. Most secondary students are allowed to use the calculator in the national Maths exams. As most students become more comfortable with using the calculator, they rely on this device to perform simple calculations that can be otherwise done mentally. Hence , in this example the thinking process that is necessary to derive the...
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...misery. We don’t want to hate and despise one another. In this world there is room for everyone. And the good earth is rich and can provide for everyone. The way of life can be free and beautiful, but we have lost the way. Greed has poisoned men’s souls, has barricaded the world with hate, has goose-stepped us into misery and bloodshed. We have developed speed, but we have shut ourselves in. Machinery that gives abundance has left us in want. Our knowledge has made us cynical. Our cleverness, hard and unkind. We think too much and feel too little. More than machinery we need humanity. More than cleverness we need kindness and gentleness. Without these qualities, life will be violent and all will be lost.... The aeroplane and the internet have brought us closer together. The very nature of these inventions cries out for the goodness in men - cries out for universal brotherhood - for the unity of us all. Eventually, my voice will reach millions throughout the world - millions of despairing men, women, and little children - victims of a system that makes men torture and imprison innocent people. To those who can hear me, I say - do not despair. The misery that is now upon us is but the passing of greed - the bitterness of men who fear the way of human progress. The hate of men will pass, and dictators die, and the power they took from the people will return to the people. And so long as men die, liberty will never perish. ..... Citizens! don’t give yourselves to brutes - men who...
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... We don't want to hate and despise one another. In this world there is room for everyone and the good earth is rich and can provide for everyone. The way of life can be free and beautiful. But we have lost the way. Greed has poisoned men's souls, has barricaded the world with hate; has goose-stepped us into misery and bloodshed. We have developed speed but we have shut ourselves in: machinery that gives abundance has left us in want. Our knowledge has made us cynical, our cleverness hard and unkind. We think too much and feel too little: More than machinery we need humanity; More than cleverness we need kindness and gentleness. Without these qualities, life will be violent and all will be lost. The aeroplane and the radio(internet) have brought us closer together. The very nature of these inventions cries out for the goodness in men, cries out for universal brotherhood for the unity of us all. Even now my voice is reaching millions throughout the world, millions of despairing men, women and little children, victims of a system that makes men torture and imprison innocent people. To those who can hear me I say "Do not despair". The misery that is now upon us is but the passing of greed, the bitterness of men who fear the way of human progress: the hate of men will pass and dictators die and the power they took from the people, will return to the people and so long as men die [now] liberty will never perish. . . Soldiers: don't give yourselves to brutes, men...
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...stations for buying machines and these machines have different processes. Thus, we did not know which machine is suitable for us; therefore, we waited 95 days to buy a new machine. First of all, we purchased a second machine from Station 1; however, we could not think Station 1 would be a bottleneck process. Hence, we wasted our cash and our revenue decreased from $1,000,000 to $120,339, which was a bad result for us. Moreover, we bought two machines from Station 2 because; it would be better idea to increase our revenue more than Station 1. Furthermore, we thought that buying machines from Station 3 was unnecessary because of the utilization’ in that station. In addition to this factor, we thought that buying several machines from different stations would decrease our revenue in the following days. Before buying machines from two main stations, we were in good position among our competitors. After we purchased machines from Station 1 and Station 2, our revenue and cash balance started to decrease due to the variable costs of buying kits. In addition, we were placed 17th position in overall team standing. Within the framework of all these, our cash balance was $120,339 at the end of the game, since we could not sell those machines and our result was not quite good as our competitors’ positions. We could have used different strategies for the Littlefield game unless we started the game late. For instance, we purchased machines from Station 1 since according to us this could be the...
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